Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes: classes of solutions, dyons and extremality

Spherical black hole (BH) solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) models wherein the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to the Maxwell invariant by some coupling function are discussed. We suggest a classification for these models into two classes, based on the properties of the coupling function, which, in particular, allow, or not, the ReissnerNordstr¨om (RN) BH solution of electrovacuum to solve a given model. Then, a comparative analysis of two illustrative families of solutions, one belonging to each class is performed: dilatonic versus scalarised BHs. By including magnetic charge, that is considering dyons, we show that scalarised BHs can have a smooth extremal limit, unlike purely electric or magnetic solutions. In particular, we study this extremal limit using the entropy function formalism, which provides insight on why both charges are necessary for extremal solutions to exist.publishe

Correlates of children's physical activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal

Objectives: The aim of the study was to understand the role of household variables on the percentage of physical activity (%PA) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement in Portugal. Study design: A cross-sectional study design using an anonymous online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese families with children aged younger than 13 years adjusted their daily routines to the confinement. Methods: Separate analyses of variance were performed to investigate how factors such as the number of children, age, sex, the housing characteristics, and the adults' job situation can affect the percentage of time for PA (%PA). Results: Findings, based on data from 2159 children, indicate that (1) boys and girls did not differ in the %PA on any of the age-groups; (2) children with an outdoor space and who had other children in the household were significantly more active (P < .001); (3) children from families with all adults working from home showed lower levels of %PA; and (4) being younger, having a big outdoor space, having other children in the household, and having at least one adult free from working from home were significant positive predictors of children's %PA, explaining 21% of the overall variance. Conclusion: Time allocated for PA during this period is reduced compared with what is usually reported on normal days. It is necessary to find strategies to increase children's PA, especially in families in which both parents are working and have no outdoor space.4811-99FE-2ECD | Luis Paulo RodriguesN/

Images of psychiatry and psychiatrists

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A study on wear evaluation of railway wheels based on multibody dynamics and wear computation

The wear evolution of railway wheels is a very important issue in railway engineering. In the past, the reprofiling intervals of railway vehicle steel wheels have been scheduled according to designers' experience. Today, more reliable and accurate tools in predicting wheel wear evolution and wheelset lifetime can be used in order to achieve economical and safety benefits. In this work, a computational tool that is able to predict the evolution of the wheel profiles for a given railway system, as a function of the distance run, is presented. The strategy adopted consists of using a commercial multibody software to study the railway dynamic problem and a purpose-built code for managing its pre- and post-processing data in order to compute the wear. The tool is applied here to realistic operation scenarios in order to assess the effect of some service conditions on the wheel wear progression

Is Being Single a Risk Factor for Previously Undetected Abnormal Glucose Tolerance?

Background: Type II diabetes represents a chronic disease with costly consequences. It is important to identify all risk factors to allow patients the opportunity to counter its progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between marital status and previously undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in a northern Colombian population. Methods: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional screening study in a northern Colombian adult population ages 18-74 using healthcare insurance company data from 2014-2015. The main exposure was marital status, while the outcome was AGT. A descriptive analysis of the variables in the database was conducted, and chi-square analysis of categorical covariates and a t-test of continuous covariates were performed. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between marital status and AGT. Results: Single individuals had a 20% decreased odds of having AGT compared to married individuals (odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 - 1.0), but this association disappeared after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 - 1.2). There was a 40% increased odds of AGT in women compared to men (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.1 - 1.8). Hypertension increased the risk of AGT by about 60% (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.1), while obesity was associated with an 80% increased odds of developing AGT (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.4). Conclusion: Our study suggests that screening for abnormal glucose tolerance may not be necessary in specific marital status groups

Nuestra experiencia con la enfermedad de Freiberg

Analizamos una serie de 34 pacientes, 9 varones y 25 mujeres, con enfermedad de Freiberg, detallando su localización y grado evolutivo en el momento del diagnóstico. Clínicamente la severidad del cuadro fue muy variable, y con frecuencia discordante con la imagen radiológica. Tan solo en 5 pacientes fue necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico. No se pudo detectar un factor etiológico claro y único, existiendo casos con y sin antecedentes traumáticos. Se describe la evolución radiológica de esta enfermedad. La RMN permite de forma precoz, detectar las anomalías óseas en las fases más iniciales.We analyze a series of 34 patients, 9 males and 25 females, with Freiberg's disease, detailing their location and severity at moment of the diagnosis. Clinically the severity of disease was variable, and frequently discordant with the radiological image. Only in 5 patients was necessary the surgical treatment. There was no etiologic factor clearly found in any of the cases, with and without traumatic precedents. We describe the radiological pattern of this disease. The MRI permits at early stage detection of bone anomalies

Parthenogenesis and sex-ratio distorting bacteria in Empoasca (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Leafhoppers

Endosymbiotic bacteria can induce parthenogenesis in many haplo-diploid species, but little is known about their role in asexual reproduction in diplodiploids. Bacteria are essential for reproduction in the asexual lin eages of springtails and booklice, and possibly some weevils, but whether they are the causative agent of par thenogenesis remains to be proven. This would require comparing unisexual forms and their closely related bisexual species, but such model species are very rare. Empoasca leafhoppers from the Madeira Archipelago provide an excellent case to test whether bacterial infections can cause parthenogenesis. Here we examined the diversity of the sex-distorting bacteria, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia, and Arsenophonus, in three apo mictic morphotypes (A, B, C) and three bisexual relatives of Empoasca. Wolbachia of group B was present in all unisexual and bisexual species. Rickettsia were the only bacteria restricted to the three unisexual forms, suggesting an association between infection and asexual reproduction. In addition, we found Asaia for the third time in the Cicadellidae, although this may have little to do with the reproductive mode of its host. Adult females of morphotype C reared on plants watered with tetracycline solution did not result in the production of male offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest a possible association between bacterial infection and parthenogenesis in apomictic XO/XX diplodiploid bisexual species based on a range of sex ratio distorting bacteria.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio