Striking Variability in the Post-Reproductive Movements of Spanish Red Kites (Milvus milvus): Three Strategies, Sex Differences, and Changes over Time

It was assumed that the Spanish breeding population of the red kite (Milvus milvus) was resident, hence their movements were restricted to their breeding area for their entire lifecycle. However, recent observations indicated that the post-reproductive strategies of the red kite in Spain are more diverse. We tagged 47 breeding adult red kites in Spain and analyzed their movements during the post-reproductive period (July–February). We found three strategies in the population: migration (10%), sedentarism (70%), and sedentarism with post-reproductive movements (20%), based on seasonality and other movement parameters. Sedentarism with post-reproductive movements was a very variable strategy that involved all-direction wandering movements far away from the nest (up to 589 km) after breeding season, and then a returned journey toward the starting point in time for the next breeding season. Our results also suggest that sedentarism with post-reproductive movements is much more common in females than males. Furthermore, 17% of the individuals changed their strategy over the years. This study highlights the great individual variability and plasticity of the red kite and allows for a better understanding of spatial ecology in opportunistic raptors

Macrophage environment turns otherwise MccJ25-resistant Salmonella into sensitive

In this work we demonstrate that S. Typhimurium becomes notably susceptible to MccJ25 when replicating within macrophages. In order to determine the possible cause of this phenomenon, we studied the sensitivity of S. Typhimurium to MccJ25 at conditions resembling those of the internal macrophage environment, such as low pH, low magnesium and iron deprivation. We observed that the strain was only sensitive to the antibiotic at low pH, leading us to attribute the bacterial sensitization to this condition. A MccJ25-resistant E. coli strain in which fhuA is deleted was also inhibited by the antibiotic at low pH. Then, we could assume that the MccJ25 sensitivity change observed in both E. coli fhuA and S. Typhimurium is mediated by a MccJ25 uptake independent of the FhuA receptor. Moreover, low pH incubation also sensitized S. Typhimurium to the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin, which does not affect enteric bacteria viability because it is unable to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane. This observation supports our hypothesis about low pH producing a modification in the bacterial membrane permeability that allows an unspecific MccJ25 uptake. On the other hand, MccJ25 inhibited S. Typhimurium when cells were preincubated in acidic pH medium and then treated at neutral pH with the antibiotic.Fil: Pomares, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: Corbalan, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: Adler, Conrado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: de Cristobal, Ricardo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: Farias, Ricardo Norberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: Delgado, Monica Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina;Fil: Vincent, Paula Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina

RACISMO Y SEGREGACIÓN EN COLOMBIA: SALUD, EDUCACIÓN Y TRABAJO EN LA POBLACIÓN AFRODESCENDIENTE DEL PACÍFICO

This article seeks to analyze the evidence found through a bibliographic review, about the manifestation of racial segregation and vulnerability of Afro-descendants of the Colombian Pacific in the areas of employment, health and education. Likewise, the data and information found in each of the areas are contrasted with what is stated in the theories of Human Rights and the Center-Periphery theory that are analyzed throughout the article. The foregoing, to achieve a better understanding of how racism affects the full development of these human rights for this community, and to expose the differential dynamics that the Pacific experiences as a periphery compared to the country's large cities as centers. Finally, the conclusions on the relationship between skin color and geographic location with quality of life, socio-economic development and compliance with the human rights of this population are presented.Este artículo busca analizar las evidencias encontradas por medio de una revisión bibliográfica, acerca de la manifestación de la segregación racial y vulnerabilidad de los afrodescendientes del pacífico colombiano en las áreas de empleo, salud y educación. Así mismo, se contrastan los datos encontrados en cada una de las áreas con lo planteado en las teorías de Derechos Humanos y la teoría de Centro-Periferia que se analizan a lo largo del artículo. Lo anterior, en pro de lograr un mejor entendimiento sobre cómo el racismo afecta al desarrollo pleno de estos derechos humanos para esta comunidad, y exponer las dinámicas diferenciales que experimenta el Pacífico como periferia frente a las grandes ciudades del país como centros. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones sobre la relación existente entre el color de la piel y la ubicación geográfica con la calidad de vida, el desarrollo socioeconómico y el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de esta población

Guía para la práctica de la mediación policial

Departament de Dret Públic. Codis de les assignatures: EHQ001, EHQ002, EHQ003, EHQ004, EHQ005, EHQ006, EHQ007, EHQ008, EHQ00

Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma

Despite the success of therapies in lung cancer, more studies of new biomarkers for patient selection are urgently needed. The present study aims to analyze the role of galectin-3 (GAL-3) in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) using tumorspheres as a model and explore its potential role as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For in vitro studies, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) primary cultures from early-stage patients and commercial cell lines were cultured, using tumorsphere-forming assays and adherent conditions for the control counterparts. We analyzed the pattern of secretion and expression of GAL-3 using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RTqPCR), immunoblot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoassay analysis. Our results using three-dimensional (3D) models of lung tumor cells revealed that soluble GAL-3 (sGAL-3) is highly expressed and secreted. To more accurately mimic the TME, a co-culture of tumorspheres and fibroblasts was used, revealing that GAL-3 could be important as an immunomodulatory molecule expressed and secreted in the TME, modulating immunosuppression through regulatory T cells (TREGS). In the translational phase, we confirmed that patients with high expression levels of GAL-3 had more TREGS, which suggests that tumors may be recruiting this population through GAL-3. Next, we evaluated levels of sGAL-3 before surgery in LUAD and LUSC patients, hypothesizing that sGAL-3 could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival and relapse-free survival in early-stage LUAD patients. Additionally, levels of sGAL-3 at pretreatment and first response assessment from plasma to predict clinical outcomes in advanced LUAD and LUSC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab were evaluated, further supporting that sGAL-3 has a high efficiency in predicting durable clinical response to pembrolizumab with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.801 (p=0.011). Moreover, high levels might predict decreased progression-free survival and overall survival to anti-PD-1 therapy, with sGAL-3 being a prognosis-independent biomarker for advanced LUAD

Evaluation of Optimal Vibrotactile Feedback for Force-Controlled Upper Limb Myoelectric Prostheses

The main goal of this study is to evaluate how to optimally select the best vibrotactile pattern to be used in a closed loop control of upper limb myoelectric prostheses as a feedback of the exerted force. To that end, we assessed both the selection of actuation patterns and the effects of the selection of frequency and amplitude parameters to discriminate between different feedback levels. A single vibrotactile actuator has been used to deliver the vibrations to subjects participating in the experiments. The results show no difference between pattern shapes in terms of feedback perception. Similarly, changes in amplitude level do not reflect significant improvement compared to changes in frequency. However, decreasing the number of feedback levels increases the accuracy of feedback perception and subject-specific variations are high for particular participants, showing that a fine-tuning of the parameters is necessary in a real-time application to upper limb prosthetics. In future works, the effects of training, location, and number of actuators will be assessed. This optimized selection will be tested in a real-time proportional myocontrol of a prosthetic hand.This research was funded by University of Alicante through project “Control Platform for a Robotic Hand based on Electromyographic Signals” (GRE16-20)

Sistema robótico multimodal de miembro superior para interacción con entornos físicos

[Resumen] Este artículo describe el diseño de un sistema robótico multimodal enfocado a proporcionar a personas con movilidad reducida, la capacidades de interaccionar con objetos reales. Con este sistema se pretende cubrir todo el proceso de interacción, desde la selección del objeto con el que se quiere interactuar, pasando por alcanzar y agarrarlo, hasta volver a dejar el objeto. El sistema se compone de un robot diseñado para rehabilitación de miembro superior, de un exoesqueleto de mano, un sistema de seguimiento de mirada, un dispositivo de seguimiento de objetos, y un sistema de detección de intención de movimiento. Con este propósito, en este artículo se presenta la arquitectura del sistema, especificando los elementos particulares que serán utilizados en un escenario experimental para comprobar la viabilidad del sistema.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Comisión Europea (ICT-22-2014: Multimodal and Natural computer interaction) a través del proyecto AIDE: ”Adaptive Multimodal Interfaces to Assist Disabled People in Daily Activities” (Grant agreement no: 645322); y por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad a través del proyecto DPI2015-70415-C2-2-Rhttps://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749808

Analysis of Exosomal Cargo Provides Accurate Clinical, Histologic and Mutational Information in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and poor prognosis, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages. Nowadays, immense progress in treatment has been achieved. However, the present scenario continues to be critical, and a full comprehension of tumor progression mechanisms is required, with exosomes being potentially relevant players. Exosomes are membranous vesicles that contain biological information, which can be transported cell-to-cell and modulate relevant processes in the hallmarks of cancer. The present research aims to characterize the exosomes' cargo and study their role in NSCLC to identify biomarkers. We analyzed exosomes secreted by primary cultures and cell lines, grown in monolayer and tumorsphere formations. Exosomal DNA content showed molecular alterations, whereas RNA high-throughput analysis resulted in a pattern of differentially expressed genes depending on histology. The most significant differences were found in XAGE1B, CABYR, NKX2-1, SEPP1, CAPRIN1, and RIOK3 genes when samples from two independent cohorts of resected NSCLC patients were analyzed. We identified and validated biomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Our results could represent a relevant contribution concerning exosomes in clinical practice, allowing for the identification of biomarkers that provide information regarding tumor features, prognosis and clinical behavior of the disease. Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer; liquid biopsy; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; cell cultures; adenocarcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; biomarker; tumorsphere

Increased levels of NETosis biomarkers in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients’ biofluids: Potential role in disease diagnosis and management

Introduction: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the second most frequent gynecological malignancy but the most lethal, partially due to the spread of the disease through the peritoneal cavity. Recent evidence has shown that, apart from their role in immune defense through phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are able to participate in cancer progression through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a process called NETosis. NETs are composed of DNA, histones, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase and the NETosis process has been proposed as a pre-requisite for the establishment of omental metastases in early stages of HGSOC. Nevertheless, its role in advanced stages remains to be elucidated. Therefore, our principal aim is to characterize a NETosis biomarker profile in biofluids from patients with advanced HGSOC and control women. Methods: Specifically, five biomarkers of NETosis (cell-free DNA (cfDNA), nucleosomes, citrullinated histone 3 (citH3), calprotectin and MPO) were quantified in plasma and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples from patients (n=45) and control women (n=40). Results: Our results showed that HGSOC patients presented a higher concentration of cfDNA, citH3 and calprotectin in plasma and of all five NETosis biomarkers in PF than control women. Moreover, these biomarkers showed a strong ability to differentiate the two clinical groups. Interestingly, neoadjuvant treatment (NT) seemed to reduce NETosis biomarkers mainly systemically (plasma) compared to the tumor environment (PF). Discussion: In conclusion, NETosis biomarkers are present in the tumor environment of patients with advanced HGSOC, which might contribute to the progression of the disease. Besides, plasma cfDNA and calprotectin could represent minimally invasive surrogate biomarkers for HGSOC. Finally, NT modifies NETosis biomarkers levels mainly at the systemic level