Marqueurs phénoliques du vieilleissement des vins galiciens de la variété “Mencía” en barrique et par des procédures alternatives.

4 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla.- Trabajo presentado en el Congreso celebrado en Logroño (España) entre el 25 y el 30 de junio de 2006.[EN] The ageing of red wines in oak barrels is a very complex phenomenon involving phenolic compounds (anthocyanins derivatives particularly). The introduction in the market of aged red wines treated with oak wood “chips”, a practice in this moment considered like a fraud in the U.E, it does neccesary to stablish a method that allows to distinguish between traditionally aged wines and those aged by alternative methods. With this aim, the phenolic composition of three monovarietal red wines of Galicia (cv. “Mencía”) fermented in stainless steel tanks with three different treatments, was studied. Wines without ageing (used as “control”), wines aged for 3 months in oak barrels, and wines aged for 3 months in stainless steel tanks with oak “chips” of similar wood and intensity of toasting that barrels. Monthly, along the aging process, all the wines in each treatment (including the “control” wines) were analysed by HPLC-DAD and differences between them studied. In this work, we report the results obtained for the first year of study.[ES] El envejecimiento de vinos tintos en madera es un fenómeno muy complejo en el que los compuestos de naturaleza fenólica (entre ellos los antocianos) juegan un papel relevante. La entrada en el mercado de vinos envejecidos de forma acelerada mediante la aplicación de métodos alternativos al tradicional envejecimiento en barrica, una práctica que en el momento actual es considerada fraudulenta en los paises de la U.E., hace necesario buscar un método analítico que permita distinguir entre unos y otros. Con este objetivo, hemos estudiado la composición fenólica de tres vinos tintos gallegos monovarietales (“Mencía”) fermentados en depósitos de acero inoxidable y sometidos a tres tratamientos diferentes: vinos sin envejecimiento (utilizados como “testigos”), vinos envejecidos durante 3 meses en barrica de roble, y vinos envejecidos durante 3 meses en acero inoxidable con “chips” de roble de similar procedencia y tostado que las barricas. Mensualmente, y a lo largo del proceso de envejecimiento, se han analizado (mediante HPLC-DAD) muestras de los vinos “testigo” y de cada uno de los tratamientos utilizados con el objetivo de establecer diferencias analíticas que permitan reconocer su procedencia. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras un primer año de estudio.[FR] L’élevage des vins rouges en bois est un phénomène très complexe dans lequel les composants à nature phénolique (parmis ceux-ci les anthocyanes) jouent un rôle remarquable. L'entrée au marché des vins vieillis de manière accélérée, à l'aide de l'application des méthodes alternatives à la méthode traditionnelle en barrique, une pratique qu'au moment actuel est considérée frauduleuse par la U.E., fait nécessaire la recherche d'une méthode analythique qui permette de distinguer entre les uns et les autres. Avec cet objectif, on a étudié la composition phénolique de trois vins rouges galiciens monovariétaux ("Mencía") fermentés dans des cuves d'acier inox, soumis à trois traitements différents: des vins non vieillis (utilisés comme " témoins "), des vins vieillis pendant trois mois en barriques de chêne et des vins vieillis pendant trois mois en cuves d’acier inox avec des "chips" de chêne de provenance et degré de tannage similaire à ceux des barriques. On a analysé tous les mois (par HPLCDAD), et au long du procès d’élevage, des prélèvements des vins "témoins" et de chaque traitement avec l'objectif d'établir des différences analytiques qui permettent de reconnaître leur provenance. Maintenant, on présente les résultats obtenus après la première année d'étude.Peer reviewe

Les dihydroflavonols comme des marqueurs biochimiques de la diversité génétique des variétés blanches de vigne cultivées en Galice (Espagne).

8 páginas, 3 figuras y 3 tablas.- Trabajo presentado en el Congreso celebrado en Logroño (España) entre el 25 y el 30 de junio de 2006.[EN] In order to develop a biochemical method that allows to distinguish between white grape cultivars, the phenolic composition of the main white cultivars from the “Misión Biolóxica de Galicia” germplasm collection were studied. The extracts obtained from peels of the selected cultivars were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC with diode array detector) and several phenolic compounds were totally or partly identified. Some of these compounds, especially the called “dihydroflavonols”, have been proved to be of great value as phenolic markers for grape cultivar recognition.[ES] Para tratar de desarrollar un método bioquímico que permita diferenciar entre cultivares blancos de vid, se ha estudiado la composición fenólica de las principales variedades blancas de vid cultivadas en Galicia que se encuentran recogidas en la colección de germoplasma existente en la “Misión Biolóxica de Galicia”. Los extractos fenólicos obtenidos de las pieles de uva de cada una de estas variedades, se han analizado mediante cromatografía líquida (HPLC-DAD), lo que ha permitido identificar (total o parcialmente) diversos compuestos de naturaleza fenólica, entre los que debemos destacar los llamados “dihidroflavonoles”, que se han mostrado como verdaderos marcadores específicos para diferenciar entre las variedades estudiadas.[FR] Pour essayer de développer une méthode biochimique qui permette la différenciation des cépages blancs de vigne, on a étudié la composition phénolique des principales variétés blanches de vigne cultivées en Galice, qui ont été recueillies dans la collection de germoplasme qui existe à la Misión Biolóxica de Galicia. Les extracts phénoliques obtenus des peaux du raisin de chaque variété ont été analysés par chromatographie liquide (HPLCDAD), ce qui a permis d'identifier (de manière totale ou partielle) de divers composants à nature phénolique, parmi lesquels on doit détacher les soi-disants "dihydroflavonols", qui se sont montrés comme de véritables marqueurs spécifiques pour faire une différenciation dans les variétés étudiées.Peer reviewe

Nota corta. Patógenos telúricos aislados de planta de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con síntomas de mal de pie en Galicia

Pathogens belonging to the disease complex responsible for bean collar and root rots in northwest Spain were identified and their pathogenic behaviour studied over a two year period (2004-2005). The potential fungal and oomycete pathogens Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burkh.) W.C. Snyder and Hansen, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Pythium ultimum Trow, Pythium Group G, Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum W. G. Sm. (Sacc.), Botrytis cinerea Pers., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. were isolated from 419 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants affected by collar or root rot. Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli was the most frequently isolated (found on 63.7% of the farms surveyed and isolated from 19.3% of the diseased plants), followed by R. solani and the Pythium species. Inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Música and Zondra with 14 isolates of these fungi and oomycetes showed F. solani f. sp. phaseoli to be the most aggressive pathogen of the complex; F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were found not to be pathogenic for either cultivar. The results confirm that F. solani and R. solani are the main pathogens of the bean collar/root rot disease complex in northwest Spain, affecting crops in their early growth stages. The complex also includes P. ultimum and Pythium Group G.Durante los años 2004 y 2005 se llevó a cabo en Galicia la identificación de los patógenos que formaban parte del complejo parasitario responsable del mal de pie en el cultivo de la judía, así como la evaluación de su poder patógeno. Los hongos y oomicetos patógenos potenciales aislados sobre un total de 419 plantas de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con síntomas de mal de pie, muestreados durante dicho período en Galicia, fueron los siguientes: Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burkh.)W.C. Snyder y Hansen, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Pythium ultimum Trow, Pythium Grupo G, Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum W. G. Sm. (Sacc.), Botrytis cinerea Pers., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary y Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. El patógeno más frecuentemente aislado fue F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, detectado en el 63,7% de las explotaciones muestreadas, así como en el 19,3% de las plantas analizadas, seguido de R. solani y de Pythium spp. Las pruebas de inoculación de 14 aislamientos de estos hongos y oomicetos sobre las variedades de judía Música y Zondra indicaron que F. solani f. sp phaseoli posee el mayor poder patógeno, mientras que F. avenaceum y F. culmorum no resultaron ser patogénicos sobre ninguna de las dos variedades inoculadas. Los resultados de este trabajo confirman que F. solani y R. solani son los principales patógenos responsables del mal de pie de la judía en Galicia, complejo parasitario que incluye también a P. ultimum y P. Grupo G en los primeros estadíos del cultivo

Growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods using textured ZnO films

A hydrothermal method to grow vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays on ZnO films obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is presented. The growth of ZnO nanorods is studied as function of the crystallographic orientation of the ZnO films deposited on silicon (100) substrates. Different thicknesses of ZnO films around 40 to 180 nm were obtained and characterized before carrying out the growth process by hydrothermal methods. A textured ZnO layer with preferential direction in the normal c-axes is formed on substrates by the decomposition of diethylzinc to provide nucleation sites for vertical nanorod growth. Crystallographic orientation of the ZnO nanorods and ZnO-ALD films was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Composition, morphologies, length, size, and diameter of the nanorods were studied using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy analyses. In this work, it is demonstrated that crystallinity of the ZnO-ALD films plays an important role in the vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod growth. The nanorod arrays synthesized in solution had a diameter, length, density, and orientation desirable for a potential application as photosensitive materials in the manufacture of semiconductor-polymer solar cells

El registre paleontològic de l’illa d’Eivissa a jaciments litorals pleistocens

[cat] Es presenta des d’una visió històrica, l’estudi del registre paleontològic del Pleistocè de l’illa d’Eivissa, des dels seus inicis a finals del segle XIX fins l’actualitat, per després comentar els jaciments de platja i els que contenen fòssils continentals. Els primers són escassos per la qual cosa hi ha un registre baix de tàxons marins. Els jaciments d’origen continental són nombrosos i el registre paleontològic es caracteritza per a presentar mol·luscs endèmics (Tudorella ferruginea) i en alguns indrets traces fòssils d’insecte (i.e. Rebuffoichonus casamiquelai).[eng] This article gives a historical view of the Pleistocene on the island of Ibiza, from its beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the present. Then, beach deposits are synthetically described focusing on paleontological content and finally, the deposits that contain continental fauna. The first ones are scarce, for this reason there is a few marine taxa registers. Moreover, there are a high number of continental deposits and their paleontological data is characterized by endemic Mollusca and in some sites there are insect traces

Prenatal Diagnosis of Gómez-López-Hernández Syndrome.

Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome (GLHS), also known as cerebello-trigeminal-dermal dysplasia, is an extremely rare neurocutaneous disease, classically described by the triad of rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), bilateral focal alopecia, and trigeminal anesthesia. The clinical and radiographic spectrum of GLHS is now known to be broader, including craniofacial and supratentorial anomalies, as well as neurodevelopmental issues. Here, we present a case of antenatally diagnosed GLHS with RES, hydrocephaly, and craniofacial anomalies identified on ultrasound (low-set ears with posterior rotation, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, micrognathia, and anteverted nares) which were confirmed by autopsy after termination of pregnancy at 23 weeks of gestation. As no known genetic causes have been identified and the classical triad is not applicable to prenatal imaging, prenatal diagnosis of GLHS is based on neuroimaging and the identification of supporting features. In presence of an RES associated with craniofacial abnormalities in prenatal (brachycephaly, turricephaly, low-set ears, midface retrusion, micrognathia), GLHS should be considered as "possible" according to postnatal criteria

Identification and quantification of some capsaicinoids in Padrón pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) fruits

Capsaicinoid and phenolic contents were determined at different maturation stages of the pepper fruit, with an increase being observed in the levels of both components. The increase in total soluble phenolics probably reflects the accumulation of capsaicinoids seen throughout development. Four different capsaicinoids and their precursor vanillylamine were identified in the cultivars studied. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin showed the same accumulation patterns in all stages, but homodihydrocapsaicin appeared only in the last stage

New insights into Capsicum spp relatedness and the diversification process of Capsicum annuum in Spain

The successful exploitation of germplasm banks, harbouring plant genetic resources indispensable for plant breeding, will depend on our ability to characterize their genetic diversity. The Vegetable Germplasm Bank of Zaragoza (BGHZ) (Spain) holds an important Capsicum annuum collection, where most of the Spanish pepper variability is represented, as well as several accessions of other domesticated and non-domesticated Capsicum spp from all over the five continents. In the present work, a total of 51 C. annuum landraces (mainly from Spain) and 51 accessions from nine Capsicum species maintained at the BGHZ were evaluated using 39 microsatellite (SSR) markers spanning the whole genome. The 39 polymorphic markers allowed the detection of 381 alleles, with an average of 9.8 alleles per locus. A sizeable proportion of alleles (41.2%) were recorded as specific alleles and the majority of these were present at very low frequencies (rare alleles). Multivariate and model-based analyses partitioned the collection in seven clusters comprising the ten different Capsicum spp analysed: C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. pubescens, C. bacatum, C. chacoense and C. eximium. The data clearly showed the close relationships between C. chinense and C. frutescens. C. cardenasii and C. eximium were indistinguishable as a single, morphologically variable species. Moreover, C. chacoense was placed between C. baccatum and C. pubescens complexes. The C. annuum group was structured into three main clusters, mostly according to the pepper fruit shape, size and potential pungency. Results suggest that the diversification of C. annuum in Spain may occur from a rather limited gene pool, still represented by few landraces with ancestral traits. This ancient population would suffer from local selection at the distinct geographical regions of Spain, giving way to pungent and elongated fruited peppers in the South and Center, while sweet blocky and triangular types in Northern Spain

Texture-Modified Diet for Improving the Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Nursing Home Residents: An Expert Review.

Abstract Objectives This paper provides evidence-based and, when appropriate, expert reviewed recommendations for long-stay residents who are prescribed texture-modified diets (TMDs), with the consideration that these residents are at high risk of worsening oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD), malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and OD-associated mortality, poorer quality of life and high costs. Design Nestlé Health Science funded an initial virtual meeting attended by all authors, in which the unmet needs and subsequent recommendations for OD management were discussed. The opinions, results, and recommendations detailed in this paper are those of the authors, and are independent of funding sources. Setting OD is common in nursing home (NH) residents, and is defined as the inability to initiate and perform safe swallowing. The long-stay NH resident population has specific characteristics marked by a shorter life expectancy relative to community-dwelling older adults, high prevalence of multimorbidity with a high rate of complications, dementia, frailty, disability, and often polypharmacy. As a result, OD is associated with malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, functional decline, and death. Complications of OD can potentially be prevented with the use of TMDs. Results This report presents expert opinion and evidence-informed recommendations for best practice on the nutritional management of OD. It aims to highlight the practice gaps between the evidence-based management of OD and real-world patterns, including inadequate dietary provision and insufficient staff training. In addition, the unmet need for OD screening and improvements in therapeutic diets are explored and discussed. Conclusion There is currently limited empirical evidence to guide practice in OD management. Given the complex and heterogeneous population of long-stay NH residents, some 'best practice' approaches and interventions require extensive efficacy testing before further changes in policy can be implemented