Nota corta. Patógenos telúricos aislados de planta de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con síntomas de mal de pie en Galicia

Pathogens belonging to the disease complex responsible for bean collar and root rots in northwest Spain were identified and their pathogenic behaviour studied over a two year period (2004-2005). The potential fungal and oomycete pathogens Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burkh.) W.C. Snyder and Hansen, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Pythium ultimum Trow, Pythium Group G, Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum W. G. Sm. (Sacc.), Botrytis cinerea Pers., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. were isolated from 419 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants affected by collar or root rot. Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli was the most frequently isolated (found on 63.7% of the farms surveyed and isolated from 19.3% of the diseased plants), followed by R. solani and the Pythium species. Inoculating Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Música and Zondra with 14 isolates of these fungi and oomycetes showed F. solani f. sp. phaseoli to be the most aggressive pathogen of the complex; F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were found not to be pathogenic for either cultivar. The results confirm that F. solani and R. solani are the main pathogens of the bean collar/root rot disease complex in northwest Spain, affecting crops in their early growth stages. The complex also includes P. ultimum and Pythium Group G.Durante los años 2004 y 2005 se llevó a cabo en Galicia la identificación de los patógenos que formaban parte del complejo parasitario responsable del mal de pie en el cultivo de la judía, así como la evaluación de su poder patógeno. Los hongos y oomicetos patógenos potenciales aislados sobre un total de 419 plantas de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) con síntomas de mal de pie, muestreados durante dicho período en Galicia, fueron los siguientes: Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burkh.)W.C. Snyder y Hansen, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Pythium ultimum Trow, Pythium Grupo G, Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum W. G. Sm. (Sacc.), Botrytis cinerea Pers., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary y Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. El patógeno más frecuentemente aislado fue F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, detectado en el 63,7% de las explotaciones muestreadas, así como en el 19,3% de las plantas analizadas, seguido de R. solani y de Pythium spp. Las pruebas de inoculación de 14 aislamientos de estos hongos y oomicetos sobre las variedades de judía Música y Zondra indicaron que F. solani f. sp phaseoli posee el mayor poder patógeno, mientras que F. avenaceum y F. culmorum no resultaron ser patogénicos sobre ninguna de las dos variedades inoculadas. Los resultados de este trabajo confirman que F. solani y R. solani son los principales patógenos responsables del mal de pie de la judía en Galicia, complejo parasitario que incluye también a P. ultimum y P. Grupo G en los primeros estadíos del cultivo

Vaccine Willingness and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Perinatal Experiences and Practices-A Multinational, Cross-Sectional Study Covering the First Wave of the Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic may be of particular concern for pregnant and breastfeeding women. We aimed to explore their beliefs about the coronavirus and COVID-19 vaccine willingness and to assess the impact of the pandemic on perinatal experiences and practices. A multinational, cross-sectional, web-based study was performed in six European countries between April and July 2020. The anonymous survey was promoted via social media. In total, 16,063 women participated (including 6661 pregnant and 9402 breastfeeding women). Most responses were collected from Belgium (44%), Norway (18%) and the Netherlands (16%), followed by Switzerland (11%), Ireland (10%) and the UK (3%). Despite differences between countries, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was identified among 40-50% of the respondents at the end of the first wave of the pandemic and was higher among pregnant women. Education level and employment status were associated with vaccine hesitancy. The first wave had an adverse impact on pregnancy experiences and disrupted access to health services and breastfeeding support for many women. In the future, access to health care and support should be maintained at all times. Evidence-based and tailored information on COVID-19 vaccines should also be provided to pregnant and breastfeeding women to avoid unfounded concerns about the vaccines and to support shared decision making in this population

The Deep-Water Red Shrimp Fishery in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea

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Thoracic Surger

Electronic beam shifts in monolayer graphene superlattice

Electronic analogue of generalized Goos-H\"{a}nchen shifts is investigated in the monolayer graphene superlattice with one-dimensional periodic potentials of square barriers. It is found that the lateral shifts for the electron beam transmitted through the monolayer graphene superlattice can be negative as well as positive near the band edges of zero-$\bar{k}$ gap, which are different from those near the band edges of Bragg gap. These negative and positive beam shifts have close relation to the Dirac point. When the condition $q_A d_A= -q_B d_B= m \pi$ ($m=1,2,3...$) is satisfied, the beam shifts can be controlled from negative to positive when the incident energy is above the Dirac point, and vice versa. In addition, the beam shifts can be greatly enhanced by the defect mode inside the zero-$\bar{k}$ gap. These intriguing phenomena can be verified in a relatively simple optical setup, and have potential applications in the graphene-based electron wave devices.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted on Oct. 15, 201

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Nota corta. Patógenos telúricos aislados de plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) con síntomas de marchitamiento en el noroeste español

A survey of blighted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants covering 120 farms in northwestern Spain was performed between 2001 and 2004 with the aim of identifying the main telluric pathogens associated with the disease in this part of the country. The following potential telluric pathogens were isolated from the 755 diseased plants inspected: Phytophthora capsici Leonian, P. nicotianae Breda de Haan, Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Fusarium solani Mart. (Sacc.) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. R. solani was the most commonly isolated pathogen; this was detected on 38% of the farms and isolated from 16% of the plants analysed. Inoculation tests were performed with isolates of P. capsici, P. nicotianae and F. solani on C. annuum cv. YoloWonder. These confirmed P. nicotianae as a pepper pathogen, but with weaker pathogenic behaviour than P. capsici. F. solani was confirmed as a secondary pathogen.Entre los años 2001 y 2004 se llevó a cabo una prospección de plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) con síntomas de marchitamientos y amarilleos en 120 explotaciones de Galicia, con la finalidad de identificar los patógenos telúricos asociados a estos síntomas. Se analizaron 755 plantas de las que se aislaron los siguientes hongos telúricos potencialmente patógenos: Phytophthora capsici Leonian, P. nicotianae Breda de Haan, Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Fusarium solani Mart. (Sacc.) y Botrytis cinerea Pers. R. solani resultó ser el hongo más frecuente, ya que se detectó en el 38% de las explotaciones muestreadas y en el 16% del total de plantas analizadas. Las pruebas de inoculación realizadas con cepas de P. capsici, P. nicotianae y F. solani sobre la variedad Yolo Wonder confirmaron que P. nicotianae es un patógeno de pimiento, si bien resulta menos virulento que P. capsici, y que F. solani se comporta como un patógeno secundario