Employee motivation as an indicator of the desire to continue working: Evidence from SMEs in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to explore how employee motivation factors impact on the employee’s desire to keep working in SME firms. This study primarily is based on raw data which are collected from 278 employees of SME firms in Bangladesh. Apart from adopting the quantitative method, the Smart PLS 3.0 and SPSS V23 were utilised for analysing the gathered primary data. Furthermore, we predicted ten hypotheses in this study. Our findings assure that a positive and significant relationship among working conditions, salary and incentive, and job stability with employee motivation is sustained which indicates a direct relationship on the desire of employees to continue working in this sector. This study did not find any conventional relationship between the behaviour of presidents and subordinates with employee motivation. This study further demonstrates that employee motivation does not mediate the relationship between behaviour of presidents and subordinates with the desire to continue working

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of financial institution in Bangladesh: the case of United Commercial Bank

Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to understand the CSR practices of financial institutions in Bangladesh better. Research methodology: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is concerned with businesses’ interactions with society as a whole. Such CSR operations cover an organisation’s fiscal, legal, ethical, and philanthropic obligations. United Commercial Bank Limited (UCB) has been chosen as the study’s subject. This study is a qualitative research project that used an exploratory research design. For data collection, both main and secondary data sources were used. The in-depth interview approach with an open-ended questionnaire was used to gather primary data on CSR practices from 70 UCB employees. Results: According to the findings of the study, UCB is deeply performing its fiscal, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities, but it has not expanded its philanthropic activities on a voluntary basis. Furthermore, the representation of UCB employees in CSR management is inadequate, with the exception of top-level executives. Limitations: Any methodological issues were addressed, such as sampling challenges because financial institutions do not encourage third parties to obtain their secrets because competition occurs everywhere. Contribution: This study makes several suggestions, such as improved and more systematic communication of CSR strategies to employees, increased investments in CSR programs, and specially targeted CSR preparation, which could assist UCB in encouraging a more successful application of its CSR strategies

Rural women characteristics and sustainable entrepreneurial intention: a road to economic growth in Bangladesh

Purpose: This study aims to provide a better understanding of the individual-level factors that affect rural women’s sustainable entrepreneurial intention in starting and running a business in Bangladesh and contributing to national economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: Data from a sample of 297 rural Bangladeshi women were analysed using a quantitative approach with Smart PLS 3.0 (SEM) and SPSS V25. This was to explore the direct influence of perceived capability, social perception and individual competencies on women’s intention to become sustainable entrepreneurs. The indirect consequences of these three variables on perceived opportunity were also evaluated. Findings: The studies confirmed a positive and significant association between perceived capability and social perception with the intention to become a sustainable entrepreneur. There is no conventional connection between women’s individual competencies and their intention to become an entrepreneur. Moreover, the data confirmed that perceived opportunity mediates the relationship between perceived capability and individual competencies with the intention to become an entrepreneur. However, no mediation role of perceived opportunity in the relationship between social perception and intention was found. Originality/value: This study is one of very few to explore through empirical analysis the relationship between women’s individual characteristics and their intention to become sustainable entrepreneurs and to investigate whether rural women are motivated to become empowered to contribute to economic development through sustainable entrepreneurial intention

Using Parahydrogen Induced Polarization to Study Steps in the Hydroformylation Reaction.

A range of iridium complexes, Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (1a-1e) [where 1a, PR2R’ = PPh3, 1b P(p-tol)3, 1c PMePh2, 1d PMe2Ph and 1e PMe3] were synthesized and their reactivity as stoichiometric hydroformylation precursors studied. Para-hydrogen assisted NMR spectroscopy detected the following intermediates: Ir(H)2(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’) (2a-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (4d-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’) (10a-e), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’) (11a-c), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R’) (12a-c) and Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2 (13d-e). Some of these species exist as two geometric isomers according to their multinuclear NMR characteristics. The NMR studies suggest a role for the following 16 electron species in these reactions: Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’), Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2, Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’), Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R’), Ir(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R’) and Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R’)2. Their role is linked to several 18 electron species in order to confirm the route by which hydroformylation and hydrogenation proceeds

Miten lainsäädäntö ohjaa suuhygienistin hoitotyön prosessia?

Opinnäytetyön aiheena oli suuhygienistin hoitotyön prosessia ohjaavat lait, asetukset ja säädökset julkisella sektorilla. Suuhygienistin on tärkeä tietää hoitotyönprosessia ohjaava lainsäädäntö, jotta hän osaltaan voi turvata potilaalle laadukasta ja turvallista suun terveydehoidon palvelua. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla, mitkä ovat tärkeimmät lait, asetukset ja säädökset ja miten ne ohjaavat suuhygienistin työtä hoitotyön prosessin aikana julkisella sektorilla. Lisäksi tarkoituksena oli kirjoittaa artikkeli Suomen Suuhygienistiliiton SSHL ry:n ja Suun terveydenhuollon ammattiliiton STAL ry:n jäsenlehteen. Työn tavoitteena oli saada mahdollisimman laajasti tietoa lainsäädännöstä suuhygienisteille, muille suun terveydenhuollon ammattihenkilöille, työnantajille ja potilaille. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli lisätä työn kirjoittajien tietämystä lainsäädännöstä ja oppia kirjoittamaan artikkeli. Toteutimme opinnäytetyön sovellettuna systemaattisena kirjallisuuskatsauksena hyödyntäen Finkin mallia. Ensimmäisenä asetimme työn kannalta tärkeimmät kysymykset ja valitsimme tietokannat ja www- sivut, jonka jälkeen valitsimme hakutermit ja kirjoitimme työsuunnitelman. Seuraavaksi teimme kirjallisuuskatsauksen, jonka pohjalta kirjoitimme artikkelin. Lähdeaineistona käytimme Terveysporttia ja Suomen lainsäädäntöä. Lisäksi hyödynsimme internetin ja kirjastojen tarjoamat lähdeaineistot. Perustuslain nojalla ketään suun terveydenhuoltoon pyrkivää asiakasta ei saa syrjiä alkuperän tai terveydentilan perusteella. Lainsäädäntöä noudattamalla suuhygienisti pystyy toimimaan työssään asiakaslähtöisesti ja tasapuolisesti kaikkia asiakasryhmiä kohtaan. Esimerkiksi terveydenhuoltolaki velvoittaa työnantajan järjestämään työntekijöille täydennyskoulutusta, jotta työ pysyisi potilasturvallisena ja työtapaturmat vähentyisivät. Näin ollen työskentely on tehokasta ja vähentää esimerkiksi sairaspoissaoloja, joista koituu työnantajalle ylimääräisiä kuluja. Yhteenvetona teimme talukon jossa lait, asetukset ja säädökset ovat sijoitettu suuhygienistin hoitotyön prosessiin. Tämän avulla halusimme selkeyttää lainsäädännön merkitystä ja näkymistä suuhygienistin työssä. Taulukko helpottaa lakien hahmottamista ja luo mielenkiintoa lakeja, asetuksia ja säädöksiä kohtaan. Taulukkoa voidaan hyödyntää myös Savonia ammattikorkeakoulun suuhygienistin tutkintoohjelmassa. Opinnäytetyön tuotoksena kirjoitimme artikkelin kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella, joka käsittelee tärkeimmän lainsäädännön, mikä suuhygienistin työtä ohjaa hoitotyön prosessin aikana

Teräsrakenteisen pressuhallin rakenteen varmistaminen

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on tuottaa tilaajalle viranomaisten vaatimat lupakuvat ja laskelmat vaurioituneen pressuhallin uudelleen pystytystä varten. Suunnittelutyöhön kuului kuormien kantavuuden tarkastelu Autodesk Robot Structural Professional 2014 -ohjelmalla ja rakenteen kestävyyden parantaminen. Lopuksi esitetään perustusratkaisuksi ankkurointiperustusta ja tarkastellaan teräsrakenteen liitosten kestävyyttä. Opinnäytetyöhön ei kuulu LVIS-suunnitelmia.The purpose of the thesis was to get new images for the authorities of a damaged canvas hall to rebuild the hall for storage use. In the thesis the required calculations were also made. The planning work included a load bearing analysis with Autodesk Robot Structural Professional 2014 –program and improving structure resistance. In the end anchoring was suggested as a foundation as well as the joint durability of the steel structures was reviewed. The thesis does not include HVAC-plans

Mapping landscape values and exploring sense of place in a threatened mangrove biodiversity hotspot: the Sundarbans delta, Bangladesh

The Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh underpins local livelihoods in multiple ways, but its ecological integrity is under threat. In this paper, we seek to explore how local people value the Sundarbans landscapes spatially and how the Sundarbans contributes to their sense of place. To elicit spatially distributed landscape values, we applied a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) method with 344 local people of the Sundarbans in the Bagerhat district, Bangladesh, and we collected 2007 geo-locations. Our study reveals that the Sundarbans mangrove forest is most frequently valued for enabling social activities (37.3% of all identified points). Other important landscape values were fishing, aesthetics, recreation, and honey collection, which were relatively widely distributed throughout the Sundarbans protected area. The local people also identified dependency on the Sundarbans for their livelihoods and for protection against biophysical threats such as cyclones and storms. The Sundarbans forest shapes people’s sense of place in the form of place identity, place attachment, and place dependence. This study demonstrates the value of spatial data and investigating sense of place in policy and planning for mangrove biodiversity hotspots