Efficient handling of stability problems in shell optimization by asymmetric ‘worst-case’ shape imperfection

The paper presents an approach to shape optimization of proportionally loaded elastic shell structures under stability constraints. To reduce the stability-related problems, a special technique is utilized, by which the response analysis is always terminated before the first critical point is reached. In this way, the optimization is always related to a precritical structural state. The necessary load-carrying capability of the optimal structure is assured by extending the usual formulation of the optimization problem by a constraint on an estimated critical load factor. Since limit points are easier to handle, the possible presence of bifurcation points is avoided by introducing imperfection parameters. They are related to an asymmetric shape perturbation of the structure. During the optimization, the imperfection parameters are updated to get automatically the ‘worst-case’ pattern and amplitude of the imperfection. Both, the imperfection parameters and the design variables are related to the structural shape via the design element technique. A gradient-based optimizer is employed to solve the optimization problem. Three examples illustrate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Reference System Based on Theories of Lexical Memory

Cet article fait la description de WordNet, système de référence électronique, dont le dessin est basé sur des théories psycholinguistiques concernant la mémoire lexicale et l’organisation mentale des mots.Les noms, les verbes et les adjectifs anglais sont organisés en groupes synonymes (les « synsets »), chacun représentant un concept lexical. Trois relations principales — l’hyponymie, la méronymie et l’antonymie — servent à établir les rapports conceptuels entre les « synsets ». Les présuppositions qui lient les verbes sont indiquées ainsi que leurs contextes syntaxiques et sémantiques.En tâchant de miroiter l’organisation mentale des concepts lexicaux, WordNet pourrait servir l’utilisateur sans formation en linguistique.This paper describes WordNet, an on-line lexical reference system whose design is based on psycholinguistic theories of human lexical organization and memory.English nouns, verbs, and adjectives are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Synonym sets are then related via three principal conceptual relations: hyponymy, meronymy, and antonymy. Verbs are additionally specified for presupposition relations that hold among them, and for their most common semantic/syntactic frames.By attempting to mirror the organization of the mental lexicon, WordNet strives to serve the linguistically unsophisticated user

Znanje roditelja o kroničnim upalnim bolestima crijeva kod djeteta

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic lifelong disease with various triggers, intermediate longer and shorter remissions. Parents need to know what kind of nutrition the child with chronic inflammatory bowel disease needs because they must be able to make the right decisions regarding the child‘s diet. The right choice of diet gives a child enough energy in their daily and enables the quality life. They must enjoy a healthy balanced diet so that they receive all the nutrients the body needs. In our work, we presented chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children and parents’ assessment of the child’s quality of life. Methods: We chose a quantitative methodology to establish the impact of diet on the quality of life of the child with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. To describe and define the problem, we used a descriptive method. A structured measurement instrument was based on a review of the relevant foreign and domestic literature. Statistical data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were collected by a non-random and occasional sampling survey. Results: We found that most children whose parents participated in this research have Crohn’s disease (n = 20; 50%) and ulcerative colitis (n = 16; 40%). The type of food that is harmful to the child is fatty food (n = 33; 83%), followed by spicy food (n = 32; 80%) and acidic food (n = 10; 25%). According to the parents’ assessment, children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease have good (n = 22; 55%) health. We found that physicians provide parents with the most necessary nutrition information. Through evaluation of the parents, we found that there is no statistically significant correlation between the general assessment of a child’s health and the type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (X² (2) = 5.925, p = 0.052). Also, there is no statistically significant correlation between the eating pattern and parents ’assessment of their child’s quality of life (U = 38.00, p. = 1.00). Discussion: The health care providers have an important role to play in giving appropriate information to parents to ensure the quality of life of the child. She teaches parents and children about living with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and emphasizes the importance of nutrition, which greatly contributes to a better quality of life

Influence of Variable Support Conditions on Topology Optimization of Load-Carrying Parts

The paper addresses the importance of proper modeling of boundary conditions in preparing a FEA model for topology optimization of load-carrying structural parts. More specifically, the focus is on possible variations of support conditions during the service life of a structural part. Such variations emerge from various reasons, for example, from a fixing screw becoming loose. Since such variations are not deterministic and may cause the structural part to operate within a wide range of various conditions, this paper aims to improve the insight into this problem and to suggest a way to mitigate it. For this purpose, a bracket intended to carry a hydraulic motor is used as a test example and the topology of its design is optimized under various support conditions. The results are then analyzed in order to evaluate the consequences, caused by variations of the supports. Furthermore, a novel optimization procedure scheme is proposed based on selective load cases activity. This procedure aims to reduce the computational effort that may otherwise increase by an order of magnitude due to addition of all possible support variations. It is shown that adequate preparation of load cases that include all possible support conditions is of extreme importance since otherwise the part may behave badly in practical application even if its design looks to be quite reasonable. The new proposed optimization procedure also proves to reduce the needed computational effort substantially

Weiterbildung für Gesundheitsberufe im Kontext des lebenslangen Lernens: Erkenntnisse – Innovationen – Herausforderungen

kein Abstract vorhande

When is a Classifier No Longer a Classifier?

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 425-44

BIODIESEL AND WASTE COOKING OIL AS THE ALTERNATIVE FUELS: THE INJECTION PROCESS ASPECT

Sažetak U ovom radu će se raspraviti utjecaj uporabe alternativnih goriva na proces ubrizgavanja, karakteristika strujanja u mlaznicama i proces tvorbe mlaza. Rezultati analize dobiveni su na osnovi analiza uz uporabu paketa računske dinamike fluida FIRE, jednodimenzionalnog modela za izračun karakteristika ubrizgavanja i empirijskih izraza za izračun dimenzija kapljica ubrizganog goriva te dometa mlaza. Kalkulacije su izrađene za konvecionalan sustav ubrizgavanja s linijskom pumpom, visokotlačnim cijevima i mlaznicom sa četiri rupe. Dobiveni rezultati mogu se koristiti za ispravno podešavanje sustava za ubrizgavanje na primjeru uporabe alternativnog goriva umjesto klasičnog dizelskog goriva.Abstract The presented paper discusses the influence of using alternative fuels on the fuel injection process, in-nozzle flow characteristics and spray formation process. The analysis is performed using the computational fluid dynamics package Fire, a one-dimensional mathematical model for the injection process characteristics calculations and empirical models for calculating the injected droplet mean diameter and spray penetration length. The calculations were performed for the conventional fuel injection system with the in-line pump, high pressure tube and four-hole nozzle with the sac chamber. The results of presented analysis can be used to set properly the fuel injection system for operation with alternative fuels

BIODIESEL AND WASTE COOKING OIL AS THE ALTERNATIVE FUELS: THE INJECTION PROCESS ASPECT

Sažetak U ovom radu će se raspraviti utjecaj uporabe alternativnih goriva na proces ubrizgavanja, karakteristika strujanja u mlaznicama i proces tvorbe mlaza. Rezultati analize dobiveni su na osnovi analiza uz uporabu paketa računske dinamike fluida FIRE, jednodimenzionalnog modela za izračun karakteristika ubrizgavanja i empirijskih izraza za izračun dimenzija kapljica ubrizganog goriva te dometa mlaza. Kalkulacije su izrađene za konvecionalan sustav ubrizgavanja s linijskom pumpom, visokotlačnim cijevima i mlaznicom sa četiri rupe. Dobiveni rezultati mogu se koristiti za ispravno podešavanje sustava za ubrizgavanje na primjeru uporabe alternativnog goriva umjesto klasičnog dizelskog goriva.Abstract The presented paper discusses the influence of using alternative fuels on the fuel injection process, in-nozzle flow characteristics and spray formation process. The analysis is performed using the computational fluid dynamics package Fire, a one-dimensional mathematical model for the injection process characteristics calculations and empirical models for calculating the injected droplet mean diameter and spray penetration length. The calculations were performed for the conventional fuel injection system with the in-line pump, high pressure tube and four-hole nozzle with the sac chamber. The results of presented analysis can be used to set properly the fuel injection system for operation with alternative fuels