Planning and Optimization of Internal Transport Systems

The digital transformation is increasingly affecting the field of intralogistics. In order to develop corresponding concepts in logistics planning in a short time, software tools should profitably transfer the theoretical knowledge into practice and support the user in the best possible way. This article gives insight in particular into the typical tasks involved in the planning and optimization of internal transport processes and how LOGSOL as a consultany company addresses these with the help of the RoutMan planning tool.:1. Introduction 2. Planning of internal transport processes 3. LOGSOL's approach to planning and optimizing internal transport processes 4. Conclusio

Digitalization and automatization of agricultural irrigation in Germany

Die Dürresommer der vergangenen Jahre (insbesondere 2018 und 2019) haben die Landwirte vor massive Wasserprobleme gestellt. Landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung nimmt in vielen Regionen in Deutschland stark an Relevanz zu. Hierbei kommt es zu Nutzungskonflikten zwischen Bewässerung und der Trinkwasserversorgung. Das Thema der wassersparenden Bewirtschaftung von landwirtschaftlichen Flächen wird aus der Sicht der Wirtschafts- und Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurse in Zukunft weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Die Bewässerung befindet sich in einer digitalen als auch technischen Transformation. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen der Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Bewässerungssystemen gegeben und daran anknüpfend wird auf aktuelle Forschungstätigkeiten eingegangen.Germany experienced historic droughts in the summers of 2018 and 2019. These events clearly indicate that irrigation will continue to become more relevant for the stability of the agricultural sector of multiple regions in Germany. Simultaneously, increased demand for irrigation water for agriculture correlates with increased intra-sectoral allocation conflict – especially with drinking-water suppliers and consumers. Water-use efficiency in the agricultural sector will become even more important given the economic and sustainability discourses that define our future. Irrigation is undergoing both a digital and a technical transformation. The following discussion provides an overview of the current developments in digitization and automation of irrigation systems for agriculture

Ask Smart to Get Smart: Mathematische Ausgaben generativer KI-Sprachmodelle verbessern durch gezieltes Prompt Engineering

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den derzeitigen mathematischen Fähigkeiten des generativen KI-Spachmodells ChatGPT in Bezug auf das Lösen mathematischer Probleme. Um für den schulischen Nutzen des Modells die Zuverlässigkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit von mathematischen Ausgaben zu optimieren, stellen wir im Beitrag unterschiedliche Prompt-Techniken vor und untersuchen ihren Effekt in Modellvalidierungen anhand einer arithmetischen und einer algebraischen Problemlöseaufgabe

Inferring the Chemotactic Strategy of P. putida and E. coli Using Modified Kramers-Moyal Coefficients

Many bacteria perform a run-and-tumble random walk to explore their surrounding and to perform chemotaxis. In this article we present a novel method to infer the relevant parameters of bacterial motion from experimental trajectories including the tumbling events. We introduce a stochastic model for the orientation angle, where a shot-noise process initiates tumbles, and analytically calculate conditional moments, reminiscent of Kramers-Moyal coefficients. Matching them with the moments calculated from experimental trajectories of the bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas putida, we are able to infer their respective tumble rates, the rotational diffusion constants, and the distributions of tumble angles in good agreement with results from conventional tumble recognizers. We also define a novel tumble recognizer, which explicitly quantifies the error in recognizing tumbles. In the presence of a chemical gradient we condition the moments on the bacterial direction of motion and thereby explore the chemotaxis strategy. For both bacteria we recover and quantify the classical chemotactic strategy, where the tumble rate is smallest along the chemical gradient. In addition, for E. coli we detect some cells, which bias their mean tumble angle towards smaller values. Our findings are supported by a scaling analysis of appropriate ratios of conditional moments, which are directly calculated from experimental data.DFG, 87159868, GRK 1558: Kollektive Dynamik im Nichtgleichgewicht: in kondensierter Materie und biologischen Systeme

Prevalence of Steatosis Hepatis in the Eurotransplant Region: Impact on Graft Acceptance Rates

Due to the shortage of liver allografts and the rising prevalence of fatty liver disease in the general population, steatotic liver grafts are considered for transplantation.This condition is an important risk factor for the outcome after transplantation.We here analyze the characteristics of the donor pool offered to the Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin from 2010 to 2016 with respect to liver allograft nonacceptance and steatosis hepatis. Of the 2653 organs offered to our center, 19.9% (n=527) were accepted for transplantation, 58.8% (n=1561) were allocated to other centers, and 21.3% (n = 565) were eventually discarded from transplantation. In parallel to an increase of the incidence of steatosis hepatis in the donor pool from 20% in 2010 to 30% in 2016, the acceptance rates for steatotic organs increased in our center from 22.3% to 51.5% in 2016 (p 0.001) having less than 30% macrovesicular steatosis hepatis. However, by 2016, the number of canceled transplantations due to higher grades of steatosis hepatis had significantly increased from 14.7% (n = 15) to 63.6% (42; p < 0.001).The rising prevalence of steatosis hepatis in the donor pool has led to higher acceptance rates of steatotic allografts. Nonetheless, steatosis hepatis remains a predominant phenomenon in discarded organs necessitating future concepts such as organ reconditioning to increase graft utilization

Dual versus single vessel normothermic ex vivo perfusion of rat liver grafts using metamizole for vasodilatation

Background: Normothermic ex vivo liver perfusion (NEVLP) is a promising strategy to increase the donor pool in liver transplantation. Small animal models are essential to further investigate questions regarding organ preservation and reconditioning by NEVLP. A dual vessel small animal NEVLP (dNEVLP) model was developed using metamizole as a vasodilator and compared to conventional portovenous single vessel NEVLP (sNEVLP). Methods: Livers of male Wistar rats were perfused with erythrocyte-supplemented culture medium for six hours by either dNEVLP via hepatic artery and portal vein or portovenous sNEVLP. dNEVLP was performed either with or without metamizole treatment. Perfusion pressure and flow rates were constantly monitored. Transaminase levels were determined in the perfusate at the start and after three and six hours of perfusion. Bile secretion was monitored and bile LDH and GGT levels were measured hourly. Histopathological analysis was performed using liver and bile duct tissue samples after perfusion. Results: Hepatic artery pressure was significantly lower in dNEVLP with metamizole administration. Compared to sNEVLP, dNEVLP with metamizole treatment showed higher bile production, lower levels of transaminases during and after perfusion as well as significantly lower necrosis in liver and bile duct tissue. Biochemical markers of bile duct injury showed the same trend. Conclusion: Our miniaturized dNEVLP system enables normothermic dual vessel rat liver perfusion. The administration of metamizole effectively ameliorates arterial vasospasm allowing for six hours of dNEVLP, with superior outcome compared to sNEVLP

Chemokine-like receptor 1 mRNA weakly correlates with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis score in male but not female individuals

The chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) ligands resolvin E1 and chemerin are known to modulate inflammatory response. The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with inflammation. Here it was analyzed whether hepatic CMKLR1 expression is related to histological features of NASH. Therefore, CMKLR1 mRNA was quantified in liver tissue of 33 patients without NAFLD, 47 patients with borderline NASH and 38 patients with NASH. Hepatic CMKLR1 mRNA was not associated with gender and body mass index (BMI) in the controls and the whole study group. CMKLR1 expression was similar in controls and in patients with borderline NASH and NASH. In male patients weak positive correlations with inflammation, fibrosis and NASH score were identified. In females CMKLR1 was not associated with features of NAFLD. Liver CMKLR1 mRNA tended to be higher in type 2 diabetes patients of both genders and in hypercholesterolemic women. In summary, this study shows that hepatic CMKLR1 mRNA is weakly associated with features of NASH in male patients only