To the Beat of Their Own Drum: Women in Salsa

Salsa music is a Pan-Latino form of cultural expression born of an American experience. While its roots are varied—primarily but not exclusively Cuban and Puerto Rican, it mixes tradition and innovation, privileging mixture. Although much has been written about Salsa in the last fifteen years, the contributions of women as performers have been large ignored. This paper attempts to fill in that gap by arguing that Salsa, as an American music, was enriched by early contributions of two female performers, Celia Cruz and La Lupe. By engaging with the music scene in New York, these women reinvented themselves as Salsa stars in the 1960s and early 70s. Their stage performances and personas, however, were markedly different--- particularly their staging of race and gender. Cruz became “the lady,” while La Lupe’s performances were marked by frenzy and excess. Both also worked within established racial codes that would seek to constrain performative possibilities for black women. They simultaneously, although in different ways, played into and challenged those racial codes thereby contributing to this uniquely American sound

CNFET-based design ternary logic design and arithmetic circuit simulation using HSPICE

This project report focuses on the multiple-value logic (MVL) or commonly known as ternary logic gates by using carbon nanotube (CNT) FETs devices (CNTFETs). It is shown ternary logic has promising future in CNTFETs when compare to conventional binary logic design, due to its simplicity and energy efficiency in digital design reduced circuit overhead such as chip area and interconnection. In this research, existing CNTFET-based binary inverter and standard ternary inverter with resistive-load (STI-R) for comparison with the other three types of inverter are proposed - Complementary Standard Ternary Inverter (CSTI); Standard Ternary Inverter with 1 resistor and 3 NCNTFET (NSTI-R); Standard Ternary Inverter with 1 resistor and 3 PCNTFET (PSTI-R) to analysis the performance, structure design and application. In addition, the research covers all the basic logic Ternary NAND gate and Ternary NOR gate for further benchmarking. All simulation results using SPICE are obtained and analyzed in the Direct Current (DC) setting and verifed using half adder. Further study behavior of ternary logic includes the implementation of partial binary design into the ternary design and performance benchmarking. The result shows the CSTI have advantage on low power design with low leakage while NSTI-R has advantage on high-speed design inverter. In addition, partial binary design in the arithmetic circuit ternary design with CSTI shows added advantage in a low power design

Analysis of the flow characteristic inside a heated and unheated horizontal rifled tube

Rifled tube which is one of the rough surface tube has been getting attention from researchers due to its ability to enhance the heat transfer. Previous researches on rifled tube has been done through experimental work. Therefore, numerical analysis by using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Fluent® has been carried out to investigate the flow characteristic of the single phase flow in 2 meters long of horizontally rifled tube and smooth tube under heating condition and without heating condition at the outer wall. The rifled tube or also known as spiral internally ribbed tube that is used in this investigation has an outside diameter 45.0 mm and inside equivalent diameter of 33.1 mm while the smooth tube has an outside diameter 45 mm and inside diameter 34.1 mm. The working fluid that is used in this investigation is water. In this numerical analysis, realizable k-epsilon model has been chosen to solve the fully developed turbulence flow in the rifled tube and smooth tube. The result of the numerical analysis showed that there was swirling effect at the near-wall-region for both the case of the rifled tube under heating condition and without heating condition at the wall. The flow characteristic of the rifled tube in terms of pressure drop when there is no heat flux condition at the outer wall shows that the pressure drop in rifled tube is 1.69 – 1.77 folds than in the smooth tube. Meanwhile, when there is heating at the wall of the tubes, the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in rifled tube are about 1.67-2.0 times and 0.97-1.27 times respectively, than in smooth tube. The high pressure drop and Nusselt number in rifled tube is due to the helical rib in the rifled tube which not only has disturbed the flow but also causes swirling effect near the wall. As a result, the heat transfers from the wall to the flow near the wall region is enhanced. The present study also has proved that although the rifled tube produces high pressure drop but it is good in heat transfer enhancement through the ratio of heat flux to the pumping power

The Social Environment, APOE-e4, and Dementia: The Social Environment as a Moderating Factor Among Individuals Genetically Predisposed to Develop Dementia

Many studies have shown a relationship between the APOE-e4 allele and dementia, as well as a relationship between the social environment and dementia. However, relatively little investigation into the potential moderating effect of the social environment on the relationship between the APOE-e4 allele and cognitive well-being has been reported. Further, studies that did examine these relationships typically have employed clinical populations, along with regional and non-U.S. samples. This study contributed to the research literature, in part, by using the first U.S. nationally representative sample of older adults that included clinical diagnosis of cognition and dementia (Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study from the Health and Retirement Study). A combination of descriptive analyses and multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate these relationships. Overall, the prevalence of unique APOE genotypic combinations was similar in the ADAMS sample as compared to samples taken from other developed nations. Descriptive results also showed that respondents with and without the APOE-e4 allele were only found to differ on race and ethnic status. Regression results indicated that the APOE-e4 allele was associated with a higher risk of cognitive difficulty, and that being more socially engaged and more socially connected to others was associated with a lower risk of cognitive difficulty and dementia. All aspects of the social environment, except social engagement, were found to moderate the relationship of the APOE-e4 allele to cognitive diagnosis. The relationship of the social environment to dementia, as well as its moderating influence, indicated a need for further investigation into the unique contributions of the social environment for cognitive well-being in later life

Border Crossers and Coyotes: A Reception Study of Latin American and Latina/O Literatures.

Since the 1970s, there has been an ongoing debate within the humanities regarding the canon and curricular reform. Moving beyond questions of advocacy and the dichotomy of center and periphery (without diminishing the necessity of these), Border Crossers and Coyotes: A Reception Study of Latin American and Latina/o Literatures surveys the various ways which marginalized texts enter U.S. academic discourse as well as analyzing the conflicts inherent in these border crossings. The study proposes the position of the coyote, a person who transports undocumented workers across the U.S./Mexico border for profit, as analogous to that of the critic/teacher. Employing a cultural studies perspective informed by postmodern anthropology, reader-response, and feminist theories, the study analyzes the reception of texts including the canonical, such as One Hundred Years of Solitude, the representative such as Bless Me, Ultima and The House on Mango Street, the disciplinary border crosser Borderlands/La Frontera, and the collaboratively produced but singly authored Translated Woman and I Rigoberta Menchu. This analysis functions to uncover the ruptures within the current discourse on diversity which make manifest the struggle to negotiate the slippery space between erasure and appropriation. By performing close readings of critical responses to these texts, the study identifies various strategies of containment that foster decontextualizing, essentializing, and/or universalizing readings which neutralize their oppositional and transformative potential. This potential lies in the challenges which these texts pose to existing assumptions regarding genre, authorship, history, language and our conceptualization of literature itself. Institutional practices and pedagogies are also problematized as conflicted in responding to calls for diversity, primarily by tacking on Latin American and Latina/o cultural productions in a process of inclusion without influence. This study proposes the abandonment of such additive models in favor of a relational and transformative approach which allows for a revision of established reading practices and critical conventions

The Direct Titration of Some Sulfonamide in Tablets

Telah dilakukan beberapa peniteran beberapa sulfonamide jang banjak dipakai di Indonesia, jakni sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamezathine dan sulfisomidine ("Elkosin"). Tjara jang dipakai adalah suatu modifikasi mengenai indikatornja dari tjara van Arkel & Woute jang sudah dimasukkan dalam Farmakoppe Belanda Ed. VI. Dengan tjara modifikasi kami ini perubahan warna pada titik achir titrasi, teristimewa pada penentuan langsung dari tablet2-nja adalah lebih djelas, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penentuan2 routine dari tablet2 sulfa meskipun hasil jang diperoleh umumnja ada sedikit lebih tinggi dari semestinja. Sebagai kontrole dilakukan djuga peniteran setjara nitrimetrik

LA PARTICIPACIÓN SOCIAL EN LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS DE IGUALDAD RACIAL EN EL ÁREA DE EDUCACIÓN. Necesidades y dificultades en Cuba y Brasil.

Um dos principais problemas contemporâneos dos países da América Latina e do Caribe é a persistência de uma ideologia e de uma prática social racista e discriminatória contra as populações negras, resultado da herança escravista. Para erradicá-las é preciso construir diferentes modelos de enfrentamento a partir das realidades nacionais, mas também observar e assimilar, no que seja possível, os implementados em povos com semelhanças históricas. No presente artigo se comparam as experiências de Brasil e de Cuba na temática de enfrentamento ao racismo e se aponta elementos testados no Brasil que podem ser de utilidade para Cuba, basicamente, o estabelecimento de parcerias entre o movimento social negro e o estado para a implementação de políticas sociais antirracistas.Palavras-chave: racismo, educação, Estado e movimento negro.SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RACIAL EQUALITY POLICIES IN THE AREA OF EDUCATION. Needs and difficulties in Cuba and BrazilAbstractOne of de main contemporary problems in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean is the persistence of a racist ideology and discriminatory practices against black populations, the result of the slavery heritage. To eradicate them, it is necessary to build diferent intervention models based on national realities, but also to observe and assimilate, where possible, those implemented in peoples with historical similarities. This article compares the experiences of Brazil and Cuba in the fi ght againt racism and points out elements tested in Brazil, that can be useful for Cuba, basically, the establishment of partnerships between the black social movement and the state for implementation of anti-racist social policies.Keywords: Racism, education, state, black movement.ResumenUno de los principales problemas contemporáneos de los países de América Latina y el Caribe es la persistencia de una ideología y de una práctica social racista y discriminatória contra las poblaciones negras, resultado de la herencia esclavista. Para erradicarlas, es necesário construir diferentes modelos de enfrentamiento a partir de las realidades nacionales, pero también observar y asimilar, en lo posible, los modelos implementados en pueblos con semejanzas históricas. En el presente artículo se comparan las experiencias de Brasil y de Cuba en el enfrentamiento al racismo y se muestran elementos provados en Brasil que pueden ser de utilidad para Cuba, especialmente, el establecimiento de parcerias entre el movimiento social negro y el Estado para la implementación de políticas sociales antirracistas.Palavras claves: racismo, educación, estado, movimiento negro

Introduction to Art as Voice: Creating Access for Emergent Bilingual Learners

In this introductory chapter, we begin by introducing ourselves, so that you immediately know our positionalities—who we are and the lens we see the world through—and in the hope to provide you with knowledge of why this special issue is so close to our hearts. We then share current demographic information regarding emergent bilingual learners to further explain the importance of this work today. In the current political context, the topic of displaced populations, immigration policies (such as The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA]), refugees, as well as those who are undocumented is very alive in classrooms and relevant to our students’ lives. Case studies within this issue address the needs of displaced groups in a way that is inclusive and validates their lived experiences, providing a sense of belonging through the arts. After contextualizing these realities, we touch upon theories that drive this work, specifically relating to the arts, literacies, and language acquisition, and demonstrate how we have put these theories into practice by providing rich examples of using the arts as voice with emergent bilingual students, families, and communities. Finally, we conclude with an invitation to read onwards, to review the final chapter that includes multiple resources for those working with EB learners, and to develop and share your own bank of resources