443 research outputs found
Dynamique des populations de Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi Clessin, 1886, dans le barrage de Dyoro en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso
Le suivi bi-hebdomadaire des effectifs de #Bulinus truncatus rohlfi et les mesures des paramètres physico-chimiques (pluviométrie, température, pH et conductivité) montrent que la dynamique des populations de cette espèce est dépendante de l'évolution de la température de l'eau. Cette donnée pourrait renforcer les méthodes de lutte contre ce mollusque hôte intermédiaire de #Schistosoma haematobium, parasite de la bilharziose urinaire au Burkina Faso
Background suppression in massive TeO bolometers with Neganov-Luke amplified light detectors
Bolometric detectors are excellent devices for the investigation of
neutrinoless double-beta decay (0). The observation of such
decay would demonstrate the violation of lepton number, and at the same time it
would necessarily imply that neutrinos have a Majorana character. The
sensitivity of cryogenic detectors based on TeO is strongly limited by the
alpha background in the region of interest for the 0 of
Te. It has been demonstrated that particle discrimination in TeO
bolometers is possible measuring the Cherenkov light produced by particle
interactions. However an event-by-event discrimination with NTD-based light
detectors has to be demonstrated. We will discuss the performance of a
highly-sensitive light detector exploiting the Neganov-Luke effect for signal
amplification. The detector, being operated with NTD-thermistor and coupled to
a 750 g TeO crystal, shows the ability for an event-by-event identification
of electron/gamma and alpha particles. The extremely low detector baseline
noise, RMS 19 eV, demonstrates the possibility to enhance the sensitivity of
TeO-based 0 experiment to an unprecedented level
Final results of an experiment to search for 2beta processes in zinc and tungsten with the help of radiopure ZnWO4 crystal scintillators
A search for the double beta decay of zinc and tungsten isotopes has been
performed with the help of radiopure ZnWO4 crystal scintillators (0.1-0.7 kg)
at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN. The total exposure of the
low background measurements is 0.529 kg yr. New improved half-life limits on
the double beta decay modes of 64Zn, 70Zn, 180W, and 186W have been established
at the level of 10^{18}-10^{21} yr. In particular, limits on double electron
capture and electron capture with positron emission in 64Zn have been set:
T_{1/2}(2\nu 2K) > 1.1 10^{19} yr, T_{1/2} (0\nu 2\epsilon) > 3.2 10^{20} yr,
T_{1/2} (2\nu \epsilon \beta^+) > 9.4 10^{20} yr, and T_{1/2} (0\nu \epsilon
\beta^+) > 8.5 10^{20} yr, all at 90% C.L. Resonant neutrinoless double
electron capture in 180W has been restricted on the level of T_{1/2} (0\nu
2\epsilon) > 1.3 10^{18} yr. A new half-life limit on alpha transition of 183W
to the metastable excited level 1/2^- 375 keV of 179Hf has been established:
T_{1/2} > 6.7 10^{20} yr.Comment: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article
published in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. IOP Publishing Ltd is not
responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or
any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version
is available online at doi: 10.1088/0954-3899/38/11/11510
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Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries—A qualitative study
Background
Most of the evidence on antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) to help sustain the effectiveness of antimicrobials is generated in high income countries. We report a study investigating implementation of ASP in secondary care across low-, middle- and high-income countries. The objective of this study was to map the key contextual, including cultural, drivers of the development and implementation of ASP across different resource settings.
Materials and methods
Healthcare professionals responsible for implementing ASP in hospitals in England, France, Norway, India, and Burkina Faso were invited to participate in face-to face interviews. Field notes from observations, documentary evidence, and interview transcripts were analysed using grounded theory approach. The key emerging categories were analysed iteratively using constant comparison, initial coding, going back the field for further data collection, and focused coding. Theoretical sampling was applied until the categories were saturated. Cross-validation and triangulation of the findings were achieved through the multiple data sources.
Results
54 participants from 24 hospitals (England 9 participants/4 hospitals; Norway 13 participants/4 hospitals; France 9 participants/7 hospitals; India 13 participants/ 7 hospitals; Burkina Faso 8 participants/2 hospitals) were interviewed. Across Norway, France and England there was consistency in ASP structures. In India and Burkina Faso there were country level heterogeneity in ASP. State support for ASP was perceived as essential in countries where it is lacking (India, Burkina Faso), and where it was present, it was perceived as a barrier (England, France). Professional boundaries are one of the key cultural determinants dictating involvement in initiatives with doctors recognised as leaders in ASP. Nurse and pharmacist involvement was limited to England. The surgical specialty was identified as most difficult to engage with in each country. Despite challenges, one hospital in India provided the best example of interdisciplinary ASP, championed through organisational leadership.
Conclusions
ASP initiatives in this study were restricted by professional boundaries and hierarchies, with lack of engagement with the wider healthcare workforce. There needs to be promotion of interdisciplinary team work including pharmacists and nurses, depending on the available healthcare workforce in different countries, in ASP. The surgical pathway remains a hard to reach, but critical target for ASP globally. There is a need to develop contextually driven ASP targeting the surgical pathway in different resource settings
Rejection of randomly coinciding events in LiMoO scintillating bolometers using light detectors based on the Neganov-Luke effect
Random coincidences of nuclear events can be one of the main background
sources in low-temperature calorimetric experiments looking for neutrinoless
double-beta decay, especially in those searches based on scintillating
bolometers embedding the promising double-beta candidate Mo, because of
the relatively short half-life of the two-neutrino double-beta decay of this
nucleus. We show in this work that randomly coinciding events of the
two-neutrino double decay of Mo in enriched LiMoO
detectors can be effectively discriminated by pulse-shape analysis in the light
channel if the scintillating bolometer is provided with a Neganov-Luke light
detector, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by a large factor,
assumed here at the level of on the basis of preliminary
experimental results obtained with these devices. The achieved pile-up
rejection efficiency results in a very low contribution, of the order of counts/(keVkgy), to the background counting rate
in the region of interest for a large volume ( cm)
LiMoO detector. This background level is very encouraging in
view of a possible use of the LiMoO solution for a bolometric
tonne-scale next-generation experiment as that proposed in the CUPID project
Search for double beta decay of Ce and Ce with HPGe gamma detector
Search for double decay of Ce and Ce was realized
with 732 g of deeply purified cerium oxide sample measured over 1900 h with the
help of an ultra-low background HPGe detector with a volume of 465
cm at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the
INFN (Italy). New improved half-life limits on double beta processes in the
cerium isotopes were set at the level of ~yr;
many of them are even two orders of magnitude larger than the best previous
results.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; version accepted for publication on
Nucl. Phys.
Political and legal aspects of the information warfare
This article describes the technological features of information warfare and possible lawful mechanisms to counter information attacks. The aim of the article is to analyse the political and legal features of information warfare. The tactics of the aggressor state’s behaviour in a hybrid war was substantiated using the case of the information war between Russia and Ukraine. The channels of information dissemination, which are most often used for disintegration and disinformation purposes, were studied. Problematic issues of the domestic public space that most often appear in the perspective of disinformation attacks on the Internet are determined: the activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, reforms in Ukrainian society, temporarily occupied territories and annexed Crimea, corruption in Ukraine. The tactics of confrontation between countries in the information space was analysed — attempts to establish their “security belt” from other actors in international relations and to maintain their own dominant influence in certain regions by spreading misinformation. Promising areas of further research will be the analysis of the peculiarities of the national legal systems’ development in order to counter misinformation in the context of the continuous development of democracy in the world
First test of an enriched CdWO scintillating bolometer for neutrinoless double-beta-decay searches
For the first time, a cadmium tungstate crystal scintillator enriched in
Cd has been succesfully tested as a scintillating bolometer. The
measurement was performed above ground at a temperature of 18 mK. The crystal
mass was 34.5 g and the enrichment level ~82 %. Despite a substantial pile-up
effect due to above-ground operation, the detector demonstrated a high energy
resolution (2-7 keV FWHM in 0.2-2.6 MeV energy range), a powerful
particle identification capability and a high level of internal radiopurity.
These results prove that cadmium tungstate is an extremely promising detector
material for a next-generation neutrinoless double-beta decay bolometric
experiment, like that proposed in the CUPID project (CUORE Upgrade with
Particle IDentification)
First search for double-beta decay of 184Os and 192Os
A search for double-beta decay of osmium has been realized for the first time
with the help of an ultra-low background HPGe gamma detector at the underground
Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN (Italy). After 2741 h of data
taking with a 173 g ultra-pure osmium sample limits on double-beta processes in
184Os have been established at the level of T_{1/2} about 10^{14}-10^{17} yr.
Possible resonant double-electron captures in 184Os were searched for with a
sensitivity T_{1/2} about 10^{16} yr. A half-life limit T_{1/2} > 5.3 10^{19}
yr was set for the double-beta decay of 192Os to the first excited level of
192Pt. The radiopurity of the osmium sample has been investigated and
radionuclides 137Cs, 185Os and 207Bi were detected in the sample, while
activities of 40K, 60Co, 226Ra and 232Th were limited at the mBq/kg level.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
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