The Concept of Salvation in Mormonism

The purpose of the thesis is to make clear the Mormon concept of salvation. The development of this concept necessitates a complete discussion of the Mormon philosophy of life. The thesis will show the unchristian character of this philosophy

Gene transfer into vascular cells

AbstractThe goal of gene therapy is to introduce foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into somatic cells to correct or prevent disorders caused by the malfunction of genes within a diseased individual. Overexpression of recombinant genes at specific sites within the vasculature can provide insights into vascular biology and potential treatments for various cardiovascular disorders such as restenosis. Methods for the introduction of foreign DNA into endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells have been developed recently. These include the genetic modification of endothelium in vitro and implantation in vivo on arterial segments, direct infection of the arterial wall in vivo with a replication-defective retroviral vector expressing a recombinant gene and direct transfer of genes into vascular cells in vivo with use of liposomes. Although still in its formative stages, gene transfer into the vasculature holds promise as a potential treatment for vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. This approach may also provide insight into the role of specific gene products in the development of pathologic lesions

Das Gesundheits- und Krankheitskonzept von Kleinkindern

In vorliegender Diplomarbeit wird das Gesundheits- und Krankheitskonzept von Kindern im Alter zwischen zwei und sechs Jahren dargestellt. Es soll gezeigt werden wie Kinder dieser Altersgruppe Gesundheit bzw. Krankheit wahrnehmen, wie man diese, aus Sicht der Kinder, beeinflussen kann und über welches Wissen, zum Thema Gesundheit und Krankheit, Kinder verfügen. Dazu werden subjektive Gesundheits- und Krankheitskonzepte im Allgemeinen, klassische entwicklungspsychologische Grundlagen und die Gesundheits- bzw. Krankheitsvorstellungen der Kleinkindern sowie deren Bedeutung für die Pflege beschrieben. Diese Kenntnisse werden durch teilstandardisierte Interviews und teilnehmende Beobachtungen vertieft und ergänzt. Die Interviews und Beobachtungen wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Phillip Mayring ausgewertet, die Ergebnisse mit den theoretischen Erkenntnissen verglichen und diskutiert. Dadurch soll es erwachsenen Menschen, die im Gesundheitswesen tätig sind, ermöglicht werden, die Sicht der Jüngsten zu verstehen und für ihre Bedürfnisse sensibilisiert zu werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Wissen der Kinder dieser Altersgruppe durch die entwicklungspsychologischen Ansätze teilweise unterschätzt wird. Ebenso wird klar, dass die Erfahrungen aus dem täglichen Leben der Kinder ebenso wie Dogmen der gesundheitsbewussten Gesellschaft bei der kindlichen Idee von Gesundheit und Krankheit eine Rolle spielen.The aim of the following diploma thesis is to describe the concepts of health and illness from children at the age of two to six years. The perception of health and illness, the children’s view of influence to them, and their knowledge about health and illness is going to be shown. Therefore the basics of developmental psychology, concepts of health and illness in general, and especially for children at the age of two to six years and their meaning to nursing will be described. Semi-structured interviews and participation observations reinforce and complete this knowledge. The qualitative analysis of content was used for analyzing the data. Thus adults, who work in health care/ public health, become acquainted with the needs and the point of view of this age class. The results show that the children’s knowledge is underestimated by developmental psychology approaches. It also becomes clear that the children’s daily experiences and health- conscious dogmata of society are an important part of children’s concepts of health and illness

Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to lipid-mediated transfection

Background — Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited as a result of the rudimentary understanding of the specific molecules and processes that facilitate DNA transfer. Methods — Lipoplexes formed with Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000) and plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to the HEK 293T cell line. After treating cells with lipoplexes, HG-U133 Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP–) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. Results — Relative to untreated cells 2 h after lipoplex treatment, only downregulated genes were identified ≥ 30-fold: ALMS1, ITGB1, FCGR3A, DOCK10 and ZDDHC13. Subsequently, relative to GFP– cells, the GFP+ cell population showed at least a five-fold upregulation of RAP1A and PACSIN3 (8 h) or HSPA6 and RAP1A (16 and 24 h). Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ALMS1, FCGR3A, and DOCK10 (involved in filopodia protrusions), ITGB1 (integrin signaling), ZDDHC13 (membrane trafficking) and PACSIN3 (proteolytic shedding of membrane receptors) were able to increase or decrease transgene production. Conclusions — RAP1A, PACSIN3 and HSPA6 may help lipoplex-treated cells overcome a transcriptional shutdown due to treatment with lipoplexes and provide new targets for investigating molecular mechanisms of transfection or for enhancing transfection through cell priming or engineering of the nonviral gene delivery system. Includes supporting materials

Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to polymer-mediated transfection and profile comparison to lipid-mediated transfection

Background Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited by the rudimentary understanding of specific molecules that facilitate transfection. Methods Polyplexes using 25-kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) and plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to HEK 293T cells. After treating cells with polyplexes, microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h of exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP–) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. Differentially expressed genes in polyplex-mediated transfection were compared with those differentially expressed in lipoplex transfection to identify DNA carrier-dependent molecular factors. Results Differentially expressed genes were RGS1, ARHGAP24, PDZD2, SNX24, GSN and IGF2BP1 after 2 h; RAP1A and ACTA1 after 8 h; RAP1A, WDR78 and ACTA1 after 16 h; and RAP1A, SCG5, ATF3, IREB2 and ACTA1 after 24 h. Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ARHGAP24, GSN, IGF2BP1, PDZD2 and RGS1 were able to increase or decrease transgene production. Comparing differentially expressed genes for polyplexes and lipoplexes, no common genes were identified at the 2-h time point, whereas, after the 8-h time point, RAP1A, ATF3 and HSPA6 were similarly expressed. SCG5 and PGAP1 were only upregulated in polyplex-transfected cells. Conclusions The identified genes and pharmacologic agents provide targets for improving transfection systems, although polyplex or lipoplex dependencies must be considered. Includes supplementary materials

Educação permanente para profissionais da equipe de enfermagem na ressuscitação cardiopulmonar

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Florianópolis, 2020.A Parada Cardiorrespiratória é um incidente que gera angustia na equipe de enfermagem, por necessitar de raciocínio clínico para um atendimento rápido, coordenado e padronizado. Por este motivo é necessário que a equipe mantenha, de forma permanente, atualização sobre o tema Ressuscitação Cardiorrespiratória no ambiente de trabalho. Esse processo pode ser realizado como Educação Permanente, a partir da construção coletiva de conhecimentos reflexivos e participativos, para a mudança na realidade e transformação das práticas de saúde. Este estudo objetivou o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de Educação Permanente junto à equipe de enfermagem de uma clínica cirúrgica para situações de Parada Cardiorrespiratória e Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar por meio da metodologia da problematização com o arco de Maguerez. Realizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como estratégia a pesquisa-ação decorrente da problematização sobre o assunto Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar com profissionais de enfermagem por meio do Arco de Maguerez, que contém cinco etapas: Observação da realidade; Pontos-chave; Teorização; Hipóteses de solução; Aplicação à realidade ? Prática. O estudo respeitou os preceitos éticos dispostos na Resolução CNS nº 466 de 12/12/12, foi iniciado após aprovação do projeto na Gerência de Ensino e Pesquisa GEP/HU/UFSC com número de protocolo: 025 e aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética de Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UFSC (CEPSH), com número de CAAE: 09477019.8.0000.0121 e número de parecer: 3.326.360. Os participantes que aceitaram participar e assinaram o TCLE tiveram garantidos o sigilo e a confidencialidade. Os participantes do estudo foram três enfermeiros e oito técnicos de enfermagem no período de junho a julho de 2019, em uma unidade de clinica cirúrgica de um hospital do sul do Brasil. Os resultados apontam que os profissionais de enfermagem sentem medo e insegurança no atendimento em Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar por ser um atendimento complexo que demanda ações imediatas, coordenadas, integração entre a equipe e risco de morte ao paciente. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da proposta operativa de Minayo, surgiram sete categorias: Sentimentos dos profissionais de enfermagem diante da PCR; Experiência da equipe no cuidado ao paciente em situação de PCR; Liderança dos enfermeiros perante a equipe de enfermagem no atendimento a PCR; A importância do tempo para a equipe de enfermagem; EPS na RCP; Causas indiretas que interferem no cuidado ao paciente em PCR; Formação da equipe de enfermagem e necessidade de formação para preceptoria. Conclui-se que ações de Educação Permanente devem ser inseridas no processo de trabalho da equipe, resultando em transformações nas práticas de saúde, utilizando a simulação e a construção de materiais, como os realizados neste estudo, para facilitar e tornar o cuidado mais seguro ao paciente

A antropologia frente às cotas raciais: notas sobre um debate entre intelectuais

Racial quotas in Brazilian Higher Education were implemented from the early 2000s, through the action of different social actors, including black movement groups and organizations, and social scientists. In this article, a summary text of my Course Conclusion Paper, I aim to present the debate that took place in the field of anthropology about quotas, marked by strong divergences between researchers at a time when it was up to the teachers themselves to implement, or not, a university reservation policy. From a literature review I identified those who were most involved with the discussion, separating them intocontrary and favorable, then present their main arguments as well as the issues related to racial quotas. Although the discussion has extrapolated the university ambience, the texts I analyze are restricted tobooks and academic articles. In an attempt to explain the conflicting positions, I conclude by pointingout that anthropologists share different notions about the meaning of the concepts of race and racism,and have different approaches to the black movement.As cotas raciais no Ensino Superior brasileiro foram implementadas a partir do início da década de 2000, mediante a ação de diferentes atores sociais, dentre eles os grupos e organizações do movimento negro, e os cientistas sociais. Neste artigo, texto síntese do meu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, tenho por objetivo apresentar o debate que ocorreu no campo da antropologia acerca das cotas, marcado por fortes divergências entre os pesquisadores em um momento em que cabia aos próprios docentes implementar ou não uma política de reserva de vagas em suas universidades. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica identifiquei aqueles que mais se envolveram com a discussão, separando-os em contrários e favoráveis, para então apresentar seus principais argumentos bem como as temáticas relacionadas à questão. Apesar da discussão ter extrapolado o ambiente universitário, os textos aqui analisados restringem-se a livros e artigos acadêmicos. Na tentativa de explicar os posicionamentos conflitantes, concluo apontando que os antropólogos partilham de noções distintas acerca do significado dos conceitos de raça e racismo, além de possuírem diferentes aproximações com o movimento negro

The Chemistry of Some Unusual Carbodiimides

Several N1-alkyl-N2-(N,N-dialkylamino)carbodiimides, which were found to form dimeric species, were prepared, and the structure of the dimeric species determined. A study of the reaction chemistry of both the monomeric and dimeric carbodiimides led to the conclusion that dimerization occurred via a (π2s + π2a) ground-state, symmetry-allowed mechanism, and that thermal decomposition of the dimeric species occurred via a (π2s +-π2s) excited-state, symmetry-allowed mechanism. Although dialkylphosphoramidates have been shown to be useful intermediates in the preparation of unsaturated organic nitrogen compounds, N-acyl- and N-imino-dialkylphosphorohydrazidates were found to be too unstable, forming trialkylphosphates upon distillation, to be of any synthetic value. The preparation of several difunctional and bis-carbodiimides was attempted, but no products were isolated. Based on the side reaction products isolated from the reaction mixtures, it was concluded that the desired carbodiimides did form, but that they were too unstable to be isolated under the reaction conditions used