Semantic priming effects the roles of generation processes and association

Four groups of participants were tested in order to assess Blaxton and Neely’s (1983) suggestion that the nature of the processing (reading or generating) carried out on the primes and targets determines the degree of priming (facilitation or inhibition). Reading and generating were directly manipulated by the inclusion of a semantic adequacy check (Donaldson & Bass, 1980) designed to augment the “automatic” process of reading, and a speeded generation task designed to limit this check, thus equating generating to reading. Associate items were included to assess Lupker’s (1984) suggestion that the association between primes and targets (not their semantic relatedness) determines the facilitatory effects in “pre-access” processes such as reading, while semantic relatedness is instrumental in the priming effects of “post-access” processes such as generating. While Blaxton and Neely’s (1983) finding of inhibition from four semantic primes was replicated in the generate-generate group, the facilitatory effect of one semantic prime was not reliable. The read-recheck-generate group which was conceptually equivalent demonstrated neither facilitatory nor inhibitory effects of semantic primes, supporting Brown’s (1981) conclusion that self-generation of related exemplars is necessary for inhibition to occur. There was however, no evidence of a facilitatory effect of reading semantic primes. The read-read and speeded-generate-read groups had no significant facilitation effects. The results of the recognition test, which served as a manipulation check, revealed that the two generate groups had superior retention to the two read groups, as predicted. Contrary to predictions, associate items produced inhibition in the generate-generate group, and no facilitating effects in the read-read group. These results were interpreted in terms of procedural and item selection factors

Investing in French real estate : an American perspective

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87).by Serge Platonow.M.S

Estratégias de manejo de campos nativos do Uruguai e suas contribuições para o aumento do potencial produtivo

O estágio foi realizado no Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), localizado no município de Tacuarembó/UY, no período de três de janeiro a vinte e dois de fevereiro de 2019. Foram realizadas atividades em diferentes projetos visando analisar diferentes estratégias de manejo do campo nativo e suas contribuições para o aumento do potencial produtivo dos campos da região centro-norte do Uruguai. Para tanto, efetuou-se a determinação da composição botânica a fim de avaliar a porcentagem de forragem verde nos diferentes estratos da pastagem, realizou-se a estimação visual da oferta de forragem disponível através de dois métodos de amostragem, além da realização de práticas para a validação do método de estimativa de forragem utilizando a régua verde elaborada pelo INIA. Conclui-se que as diferentes estratégias de manejo trabalhadas durante o período de estágio contribuem para a realização de um manejo adequado da pastagem

Polychlorinated biphenyl-induced alteration of biologic parameters in the rat,

Aroclor 1242, a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, was administered ip to rats for 10 weeks. Principal findings included: loss of body weight; hepatic and renal damage, with some animals exhibiting renal papillary epithelial hyperplasia; slight reduction in erythrocyte count, diameter, and hemoglobin content, with an elevation in serum iron; diminished plasma corticosteroid and glucose concentrations; increased urinary excretion of protein, sugars, and coproporphyrin.The effect of PCBs on several hepatic microsomal enzymatic parameters was also evaluated. Maximal hydroxylation and N-demethylation activities were observed 3-10 days following a single ip injection (100 mg/kg). Each remained significantly higher than control values after 20 days, with hydroxylation activity still 150% of controls after 40 days. The minimal effective single dose for induction of hydroxylation activity was approximately 5 mg/kg. Induction of hydroxylation activity was found to be dose-dependent; however, a smaller degree of correlation was noted between N-demethylation activity and dose. Values for cytochromes P450 and b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were observed to roughly parallel hydroxylation and N-demethylation activities, the highest degree of correlation was manifest between enzymatic activity and cytochrome P450 values.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22359/1/0000805.pd

Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival

This work was supported by funding from the International Whaling Commission's Pollution 2000+Program, the U.S. NOAA/NFMS Health and Stranding Response Program and the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Code SMRU 10001).The potential impact of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the health and survival of cetaceans continues to be an issue for conservation and management, yet few quantitative approaches for estimating population level effects have been developed. An individual based model (IBM) for assessing effects on both calf survival and immunity was developed and tested. Three case study species (bottlenose dolphin, humpback whale and killer whale) in four populations were taken as examples and the impact of varying levels of PCB uptake on achievable population growth was assessed. The unique aspect of the model is its ability to evaluate likely effects of immunosuppression in addition to calf survival, enabling consequences of PCB exposure on immune function on all age-classes to be explored. By incorporating quantitative tissue concentration-response functions from laboratory animal model species into an IBM framework, population trajectories were generated. Model outputs included estimated concentrations of PCBs in the blubber of females by age, which were then compared to published empirical data. Achievable population growth rates were more affected by the inclusion of effects of PCBs on immunity than on calf survival, but the magnitude depended on the virulence of any subsequent encounter with a pathogen and the proportion of the population exposed. Since the starting population parameters were from historic studies, which may already be impacted by PCBs, the results should be interpreted on a relative rather than an absolute basis. The framework will assist in providing quantitative risk assessments for populations of concern.PostprintPostprintPeer reviewe