2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetra­hydro­benzo[b]thio­phene-3-carbonitrile

The title compound, C9H10N2S, was synthesized according to Gewald procedures by the reaction of cyclo­hexa­none with malonitrile and sulfur in the presence morpholine. The cyclo­hexane ring adopts a half-chair conformation and the thio­phene ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.05 Å). The crystal packing is stabilized by two inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric rings with graph-set motif R 2 2(12)

Preliminarno ispitivanje antimikotskog i citotoksičnog djelovanja derivata cikloalkil[b]tiofena PLS-DA analizom

A series of 2-[(arylidene)amino]-cycloalkyl[b]thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-x) was synthesized by incorporation of substituted aromatic aldehydes in Gewald adducts (1a-c). The title compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Criptococcusneoformans and for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of 3 human cancer cell lines (HT29, NCI H-292 and HEP). Forantiproliferative activity, the partial least squares (PLS) methodology was applied. Some of the prepared compounds exhibited promising antifungal and proliferative properties. The most active compounds for antifungal activity were cyclohexyl[b]thiophene derivatives, and forantiproliferative activity cycloheptyl[b]thiophene derivatives, especially 2-[(1H-indol-2-yl-methylidene)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (2r), which inhibited more than 97 % growth of the three cell lines. The PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)applied generated good exploratory and predictive results and showed that the descriptors having shape characteristics were strongly correlated with the biological data.Koristeći supstituirane aromatske aldehide u Gewaldovim aduktima 1a-c sintetizirani su derivati 2-[(ariliden)amino]-cikloalkil[b]tiofen-3-karbonitrila (2a-x). Ispitano je antimikotsko djelovanje tih spojeva na gljivice Candida krusei i Criptococcus neoformans te antiproliferativno djelovanje na tri humane tumorske stanične linije (HT29, NCI H-292 i HEP). Za antiproliferativno djelovanje primijenjena je metoda parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata (PLS) koristeći softverski program Pentacle. Neki od ispitanih spojeva pokazuju obećavajuće antimikotsko i antiproliferativno djelovanje. Najjače antimikotsko djelovanje imaju cikloheksil[b]tiofen derivati, a najjače antiproliferativno djelovanje cikloheptil[b]tiofen derivati, posebice 2-[(1H-indol-2-il-metiliden)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahidro-4H-ciklohepta[b]tiofen-3-karbonitril (2r), koji inhibira više od 97 % rast svih triju ispitivanih staničnih linija. Primijenjena PLS diskriminirajuća analiza dala je dobre istraživačke i prognostičke rezultate i pokazala da deskriptori dobro koreliraju s biološkim rezultatima

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

As necessidades comunicacionais das práticas educativas na prevenção da transmissão materno-fetal do HIV Communication needs of education practices in preventing maternal-fetal HIV transmission

OBJETIVOS: elucidar a fecundidade da prática educativa centrada na prevenção da transmissão materno-fetal da AIDS para promover a comunicação usuárias-serviços. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, parte de uma pesquisa sobre atenção pré-natal, realizado em 19 centros de saúde, duas maternidades e seis unidades de saúde da família da Secretaria de Saúde da cidade do Recife, de maio a julho de 1998. O processo de trabalho foi observado, equipes técnicas entrevistadas e um questionário foi aplicado às 355 mulheres em atendimento; dessas, 81 foram submetidas à sondagem. RESULTADOS: nenhum serviço faz aconselhamento, mesmo quando informam sobre o teste anti-HIV (48,1%). O trabalho educativo está focalizado no fornecimento de informações durante a consulta, pois, as atividades coletivas, nas unidades que realizam-nas (48,1%), não ocorrem em todos os horários do pré-natal. A prática educativa baseada na racionalidade estratégica subestima a importância da aproximação às decisões valorativas das mulheres, das quais somente 11,1% utilizam camisinha de modo sistemático. CONCLUSÕES: a pequena oferta de atividades educativas no pré-natal e o "monólogo tecnocrático" que predomina nas relações entre usuárias e serviços de saúde têm repercussões negativas na vulnerabilidade da população feminina e de seus filhos.<br>OBJECTIVES: to determine the efficiency of educational methods in preventing maternal-fetal AIDS transmission through communication among users and health services providers. METHODS: exploratory study, part of the survey on pre-natal care, accomplished in 19 clinics, two maternity hospitals and six family health units performed by the Health Secretariat of the city of Recife, from May to July, 1998. Procedures were observed, technical teams were interviewed and questionnaires applied to 355 women being seen, of these, 81 participated of the survey. RESULTS: healthcare providers do not perform counseling, even when informing on HIV testing (48,1%). Education work is focused on furnishing information during consultation, for, collective activities in the units doing them (48,1%) do not occur in all of the pre-natal care schedules. Education based on strategic rationality underestimates the value of women's informed choice of which only 11,1% used condoms o a systematic way. CONCLUSIONS: insufficient education during pre-natal care and a "technocratic monologue" prevailing on the relationship between users and healthcare providers have a negative impact on the vulnerability of the female population and their children

Gestão governamental e sociedade: informação, tecnologia e produção científica Government management and society: information, technology and scientific output

A complexidade das tarefas governamentais na atualidade sugere que processos de interação virtual, capazes de agilizar a circulação e troca de informações entre governos e sociedade nos espaços de produção de políticas públicas, podem contribuir para intervenções mais resolutivas e sintonizadas com a heterogeneidade e diversidade dos problemas sociais. Proliferam iniciativas inovadoras de gestão governamental participativa e de extensão do controle público sobre as ações dos governos, mediadas pelas tecnologias de informação. O artigo examina este campo temático, identificando questões para a melhor delimitação e qualificação de iniciativas desta natureza nos espaços de gestão estatal, à luz da experiência das autoras na condução de um projeto institucional orientado a potenciar política, técnica e comunicativamente a participação da sociedade no debate sobre a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde. A partir de literatura sobre as relações entre informação, tecnologia, desenvolvimento e democracia, especialmente no campo da gestão social, examina aspectos a considerar para que experiências de interatividade entre governo e sociedade, mediadas pelo conhecimento científico, contribuam para mais transparência e pluralidade de visões na gestão governamental.<br>The complexity of government tasks today suggests that virtual interaction processes that could streamline flows and exchanges of information between governments and society in public policymaking may contribute to more effective intervention that is more closely attuned to the heterogeneity and diversity of social problems. Innovative participatory government administration initiatives have proliferated, together with the extension of public control over government actions, handled through by information technologies. Exploring this field, this paper identifies some key issues for better demarcation and qualification of such initiatives in public sector management, based on the authors' own experience in leading an institutional project designed to empower the political, technical, and communicative participation of society in discussions of the implementation of the Unified National Health System in Brazil. Based on a review of the literature analyzing the links among information, technology, development, and democracy, and particularly with regard to social management, this paper systematizes aspects for consideration drawn from in experiences of interactions between government and society, mediated by scientific knowledge, fostering greater transparency and plurality of views in government management

Argumentación y construcción de validez en la Planificación Estratégica-Situacional de Matus Argumentation and construction of validity in Carlos Matus' Situational Strategic Planning

Este trabajo pretende analizar el proceso de producción de un plan situacional, de acuerdo con una obra de referencia de la filosofía del lenguaje y teoría argumentativa. El enfoque básico en análisis fue desarrollado por Carlos Matus. Específicamente, se busca identificar la estructura y los esquemas argumentativos inherentes a la explicación situacional y al diseño normativo de las operaciones de un plan, asumiendo como parámetros de análisis los enfoques argumentativos de la pragma-dialéctica y de la lógica informal. Se utiliza un caso de explicación de un problema de salud para ilustrar este estudio. Metodológicamente, el estudio se apoya en la revisión bibliográfica sobre el asunto en cuestión y en el análisis de casos. Como resultado, el trabajo apunta al planteamiento de que el uso de las referencias apuntadas significa introducir un mayor rigor en el análisis de la validez de los argumentos causales y en el diseño de las propuestas de intervención, de tal manera que éstas pueden ser más concluyentes para el logro de los objetivos de un plan.<br>This study analyzes the process of producing a situational plan according to a benchmark from the philosophy of language and argumentation theory. The basic approach used in the analysis was developed by Carlos Matus. Specifically, the study seeks to identify the inherent argumentative structure and patterns in the situational explanation and regulatory design in a plan's operations, taking argumentative approaches from pragma-dialectics and informal logic as the analytical parameters. The explanation of a health problem is used to illustrate the study. Methodologically, the study is based on the existing literature on the subject and case analyses. The study concludes with the proposition that the use of the specific references means introducing greater rigor into both the analysis of the validity of causal arguments and the design of proposals for interventions, in order for them to be more conclusive in achieving a plan's objectives