The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants

Deckblatt-Impressum persönlicher Dank Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Literaturübersicht Material und Methoden Ergebnisse Diskussion Schlussfolgerungen Zusammenfassung Summary Literaturverzeichnis Anhang Danksagung SelbständigkeitserklärungAlle in Deutschland geschlachteten und über 24 Monate alten Rinder müssen auf BSE getestet werden. Die Probenahme erfolgt im Stammhirnbereich. Da sich die Prionen vor der Ausbreitung im Gehirn bereits im Tierkörper befinden können, stellen unerkannt mit BSE infizierte Tiere ein Restrisiko dar. Zur Minimierung dieses Risikos müssen bestimmte Gewebe, die in der Verordnung EG 999/2001 als spezifizierte Risikomaterialien definiert sind, nach der Schlachtung entfernt werden. Dennoch gibt es risikobehaftete Nervengewebe, die nicht unter diese Reglementierung fallen. Hierzu zählt der sympathische Grenzstrang mit seinen Ganglien als Teil des autonomen Nervensystems. Um einen Beitrag zur Bewertung des von diesen Ganglien ausgehenden Risikos zu leisten, wurden 37 RindfleischZerlegebetriebe im norddeutschen Raum besucht und der Verbleib dieser Gewebe im Laufe des Zerlegeprozesses untersucht. Es wurden kleine (Zerlegemenge <10 t/Woche), mittlere (Zerlegemenge 10-99 t/Woche) und große (Zerlegemenge 100-1000 t/Woche) Betriebe unterschieden. Der sympathische Grenzstrang wurde für die Untersuchung in 5 Abschnitte unterteilt (T1, T2-T6, T7-T13, L1-L6, S1-S5). In den Betrieben war die Möglichkeit gegeben, das die Ganglien enthaltene Gewebe in acht verschiedene Behältnisse zu sortieren (Verarbeitungsfleisch, Sonstiges Lebensmittelfleisch, Talg-Lebensmittel, Talg- sonstiges, Knochen-SRM, Knochen-TBA, Knochen-Industrie, Knochen-Lebensmittel). Diese Zuordnungen wurden protokolliert. Es wurden Daten von insgesamt 160 Zerlegern aufgenommen. Dabei wurde jeder Zerleger dreimal während seiner Arbeit beobachtet und die Ergebnisse vor Ort in einen Beobachtungsbogen eingetragen. Die einzelnen Abschnitte wurden uneinheitlich zugeordnet. Während die Ganglien des hinteren Brustbereiches (T7-T13) und des Kreuzbeines (S1-S5) fast immer am Knochen verblieben und zum Großteil mit der Wirbelsäule als SRM entsorgt wurden, gelangten das Ganglion stellatum (T1), die Ganglien des vorderen Brustbereiches (T2-T6) sowie die Ganglien des Lendenbereiches (L1-L6) zu verschieden hohen Anteilen in die Lebensmittelkette. Deutliche Unterschiede gab es in der Zuordnung der Abschnitte in Abhängigkeit von der Betriebsgröße. Auffallend war auch die variierende Zuordnung innerhalb eines Betriebes, wie sie in gut der Hälfte aller besuchten Betriebe beobachtet wurde. Die Zerleger eines Betriebes gaben entweder im Vergleich zueinander die Abschnitte in unterschiedliche Behältnisse, oder aber ein Zerleger sortierte während der drei Beobachtungen verschieden. Dabei varierte die Zuordnung in den Betrieben mit hoher Zerlegeleistung stärker als in den kleinen Betrieben. Da Betriebe mit großer Kapazität die Mehrheit der deutschen Rindfleischproduktion darstellen, sollte angestrebt werden, die Zerlegung insbesondere in diesen Betrieben zu vereinheitlichen. Auf Grund seiner Größe und entsprechend den Möglichkeiten der praktischen Umsetzbarkeit sollte zumindest das Ganglion stellatum als SRM deklariert werden. Für die weiteren Ganglien des Brustbereiches (T2-T13) und des Kreuzbereiches (S1-S5) scheint es ausreichend zu sein, Vorschriften zur Entfernung der anhaftenden Muskulatur und zur standardisierten Sägung der Querfortsätze von den Wirbelknochen zu formulieren. Die im Binde- und Fettgewebe der Filetkette liegenden Ganglien des Lendenbereiches (L1-L6) sind aufgrund ihrer Lage sehr schwer auffindbar. Daher können diese Ganglien in der Praxis nicht zuverlässig entfernt werden. Das von diesem Gewebe ausgehende Restrisiko muss in Kauf genommen werden.All cattle slaughtered at an age older than 24 months have to be tested mandatorily for BSE in Germany. Samples are taken from the brainstem. Given, that prions can occure in the body before being transfered to the brain, unrecognised infected cattle might represent a risk. To minimise that risk, Specified Risk Materials which are defined by the regulation (EC) 999/2001 have to be removed after slaughtering. However, there is residual nervous tissue that is not governed by this regulation. One of those is the sympathetic trunk with its ganglia as a part of the autonomous nervous system. To estimate the risk from these ganglia, their way during slaughter and cutting procedures was observed. Thirty seven cutting plants in Northern Germany were visited and data from 160 workers were taken. Cutting plants were characterised with regard to their capacity: small (cutting capacity under 10 tons per week), middle size (cutting capacity between 10 and 99 tons per week) and large plants (cuttig capacity 100 and more tons per week). For reasons of reproducibility, the trunk was separated into five parts during observation (T1, T2-T6, T7-T13, L1-L6, S1-S5). During cutting, ganglia containing tissues could be sorted into eight different boxes (meat for processing, other meat for consumption, fat for consumption, fat for other use, bones-industry, bones-consumption, bones-SRM, bones-disposal). Every worker was observed three times, the results were recorded in an observation sheet. The tissues were not sorted in the same way. Whereas the rear thoracic ganglia (T7-T13) and sacral ganglia (S1-S5) mostly remained in natural connection with the column bones and were littered as SRM, the ganglion stellatum (T1), the front thoracic ganglia (T2-T6) and also the lumbal ganglia (L1-L6) went into the food chain in different percentages. There was an obvious difference between cutting plants of different capacities. In addition, there was a difference between workers from the same plant in more than half of all visited plants. Either the workers of one plant sorted differently, or one worker acted differently during the observation period. Such differences were observed more frequently in large cutting plants than in smaller ones. To minimize the differences as much as possible, standardisation is needed. Due to the fact that the majority of beef would be produced in large plants, standard operation prescriptions should be introduced in particular in these large premises. Because of its size and after observation of the cutting procedure, in particular the stellate ganglia (T1) should be put on the list of SRM. For the other thoracic ganglia (T2-T13) and the sacral ganglia (S1-S5) standard operation prescriptions for the removal of the musculature that is associated with the spine and the removal of the transverse processes of the vertebraes are needed. The lumbal ganglia (L1-L6) are hidden between the connective and fat tissues of the filet chain. They could not be taken away in practise. The risk coming from these ganglia should be tolerated

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 P57Master of ScienceAnimal Sciences and Industr

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Ferramenta de apoio à decisão em análise de investimentos /

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico