Nouvelles limites sur la détection directe de la matière sombre avec l’expérience PICASSO

Les observations astronomiques et cosmologiques suggèrent fortement la présence d’une matière exotique, non-relativiste et non-baryonique qui représenterait 26% du contenu de masse-énergie de l’Univers actuel. Cette matière dite sombre et froide serait compo- sée de particules neutres, massives et interagissant faiblement avec la matière ordinaire (WIMP : Weakly Interactive Massive Particles). Le projet PICASSO (Projet d’Identification des CAndidats Supersymétriques de la matière SOmbre) est une des expériences installées dans le site souterrain de SNOLAB à Sudbury en Ontario, qui tente de détecter directement un des candidats de la matière sombre, proposé dans le cadre des extensions supersymétriques du modèle standard : le neutralino. Pour cela, PICASSO utilise des détecteurs à gouttelettes surchauffées de C4F10, basés sur le principe de la chambre à bulles. Les transitions de phase dans les liquides surchauffés peuvent être déclenchées par le recul du 19 F, causé par une collision élastique avec les neutralinos. La nucléation de la gouttelette génère une onde sonore enregistrée par des senseurs piézo-électriques. Cette thèse présentera les récents progrès de l’expérience PICASSO qui ont conduit à une augmentation substantielle de sa sensibilité dans la recherche du neutralino. En effet, de nouvelles procédures de fabrication et de purification ont permis de réduire à un facteur de 10, la contamination majeure des détecteurs, causée par les émetteurs alpha. L’étude de cette contamination dans les détecteurs a permis de localiser la source de ces émetteurs. Les efforts effectués dans le cadre de l’analyse des données, ont permis d’améliorer l’effet de discrimination entre des évènements engendrés par les particules alpha et par les reculs nucléaires. De nouveaux outils d’analyse ont également été implémentés dans le but de discriminer les évènements générés par des particules de ceux générés par des bruits de fond électroniques ou acoustiques. De plus, un mécanisme important de suppression de bruit de fond indésirable à haute température, a permis à l’expérience PICASSO d’être maintenant sensible aux WIMPs de faibles masses.Astronomical and cosmological observations strongly suggest the presence of an exotic form of non-relativistic, non-baryonic matter that would represent 26% of the actual energy-matter content of the Universe. This so-called cold dark matter would be composed of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMP). PICASSO (Project In CAnada to Search for Supersymmetric Objects) aims to detect directly one of the dark matter candidates proposed in the framework of supersymmetric extensions of the standard model : the neutralino. The experiment is installed in the SNOLAB underground laboratory at Sudbury (Ontario) and uses superheated C4F10 droplets detectors, a variant of bubble chamber technique. Phase transitions in the superheated liquids are triggered by 19 F recoils caused by the elastic collision with neutralinos and create an acoustic signal which is recorded by piezoelectric sensors. This thesis presents recent progress in PICASSO leading to a substantially increased sensitivity in the search of neutralinos. New fabrication and purification procedures allowed a background reduction of about a factor 10 of the major detectors contamination caused by alpha emitters. Detailed studies allowed to localize these emitters in the detectors. In addition, data analysis efforts were able to improve substantially the discrimination between alpha particle induced events and those created by nuclear recoils. New analysis tools were also developed in order to discriminate between particle induced and non-particle induced events, such as electronic backgrounds and acoustic noise signals. An important new background suppression mechanism at higher temperatures led to the present improved sensitivity of PICASSO at low WIMP masses

Fabrication et caractérisation de détecteurs à gouttelettes en surchauffe à bas bruit de fond au sein du projet PICASSO

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NEWS-G: Search for Light Dark Matter with a Spherical Proportional Counter

International audienceThe NEWS-G collaboration is searching for light dark matter candidates using a spherical proportional counter. Access to the mass range from 0.1 to 10 GeV is enabled by the combination of low energy threshold, light gaseous targets, and radiopure construction. The current status of the experiment is presented, including the first NEWS-G results obtained with SEDINE, a 60 cm in diameter spherical proportional counter operating at LSM (France). The next generation, 140 cm in diameter, spherical proportional counter that is currently being installed in SNOLAB, Canada, is presented. Its construction at LSM, using C10100 copper and the electroplating of a 500 μm ultra-pure copper layer to the inner detector surface, will be discussed, along with the latest advances in instrumentation, simulation, and gas purification

Exploring the potential use of silver-exchanged zeolites for adsorption of radon traces in low background experiments

International audienceAbstract Radon is an important source of radioactive background in experiments searching for rare decays and in the field of low-energy particle physics. Here, we report the first temperature-dependent study of radon adsorption on silver-exchanged zeolites from several commercial producers. Among the three tested zeolites, Ag-ETS-10 showed the best result. Hence, it was chosen for the further study of internal radioactivity and radon emanation, which are important characteristics of materials used in low-activity experiments. The important role of silver in radon adsorption is demonstrated by comparison of the silver-exchanged zeolites with their unexchanged counterparts. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent measurements showed that the enhancement of the radon adsorption upon the introduction of silver in zeolite occurs due to the increase of the heat of adsorption. This opens a new perspective for the search for highly efficient radon adsorbents.</jats:p

Methods and compositions for treating ocular diseases related to mithocondrial DNA maintenance

Inventors report heterozygous mutations in mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSBP1 in multiple unrelated families with non-syndromic dominant optic atrophy, associated in half of the cases by a striking occurrence of a foveopathy. SSBP1 is a key protein for the mtDNA replication machinery. Inventors have identified two mutations in SSBP1 in families with dominant optic atrophy and shown that SSBP1 mutation affects mtDNA replication. Patient fibroblasts displayed unstable formation of SSBP1 dimer/tetramer affecting mtDNA replication leading to a decrease of mtDNA copy-number. They provide evidences that SSBP1 deficiency in human results in a novel mtDNA syndrome resulting in an isolated visual defect. The present invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of having or developing ocular disease related to mtDNA maintenance by measuring at least one mutation in SSBP1. The invention relates also to treat ocular disease related to mtDNA maintenance by administering an inhibitor of SSBP1 gene expression or a vector which comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding for SSBP1.Peer reviewedInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Radboud UniversityA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

OPA1 gene therapy prevents retinal ganglion cell loss in a Dominant Optic Atrophy mouse model

Abstract Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is a rare progressive and irreversible blinding disease which is one of the most frequent forms of hereditary optic neuropathy. DOA is mainly caused by dominant mutation in the OPA1 gene encoding a large mitochondrial GTPase with crucial roles in membrane dynamics and cell survival. Hereditary optic neuropathies are commonly characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, leading to the optic nerve atrophy and the progressive loss of visual acuity. Up to now, despite increasing advances in the understanding of the pathological mechanisms, DOA remains intractable. Here, we tested the efficiency of gene therapy on a genetically-modified mouse model reproducing DOA vision loss. We performed intravitreal injections of an Adeno-Associated Virus carrying the human OPA1 cDNA under the control of the cytomegalovirus promotor. Our results provide the first evidence that gene therapy is efficient on a mouse model of DOA as the wild-type OPA1 expression is able to alleviate the OPA1-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration, the hallmark of the disease. These results displayed encouraging effects of gene therapy for Dominant Optic Atrophy, fostering future investigations aiming at clinical trials in patients

Dominant mutations in mtDNA maintenance gene SSBP1 cause optic atrophy and foveopathy

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Scintillating Bubble Chambers for Rare Event Searches

The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration is developing liquid-noble bubble chambers for the detection of sub-keV nuclear recoils. These detectors benefit from the electron recoil rejection inherent in moderately-superheated bubble chambers with the addition of energy reconstruction provided from the scintillation signal. The ability to measure low-energy nuclear recoils allows the search for GeV-scale dark matter and the measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on argon from MeV-scale reactor antineutrinos. The first physics-scale detector, SBC-LAr10, is in the commissioning phase at Fermilab, where extensive engineering and calibration studies will be performed. In parallel, a functionally identical low-background version, SBC-SNOLAB, is being built for a dark matter search underground at SNOLAB. SBC-SNOLAB, with a 10 kg-yr exposure, will have sensitivity to a dark matter–nucleon cross section of 2×10−42 cm2 at 1 GeV/c2 dark matter mass, and future detectors could reach the boundary of the argon neutrino fog with a tonne-yr exposure. In addition, the deployment of an SBC detector at a nuclear reactor could enable neutrino physics investigations including measurements of the weak mixing angle and searches for sterile neutrinos, the neutrino magnetic moment, and the light Z’ gauge boson

EXCESS workshop: Descriptions of rising low-energy spectra

International audienceMany low-threshold experiments observe sharply rising event rates of yet unknown origins below a few hundred eV, and larger than expected from known backgrounds. Due to the significant impact of this excess on the dark matter or neutrino sensitivity of these experiments, a collective effort has been started to share the knowledge about the individual observations. For this, the EXCESS Workshop was initiated. In its first iteration in June 2021, ten rare event search collaborations contributed to this initiative via talks and discussions. The contributing collaborations were CONNIE, CRESST, DAMIC, EDELWEISS, MINER, NEWS-G, NUCLEUS, RICOCHET, SENSEI and SuperCDMS. They presented data about their observed energy spectra and known backgrounds together with details about the respective measurements. In this paper, we summarize the presented information and give a comprehensive overview of the similarities and differences between the distinct measurements. The provided data is furthermore publicly available on the workshop’s data repository together with a plotting tool for visualization