العلاقة بين الحالة الروحية والصحة البدنية: دراسة مقطعية على المراجعين إلى المراكز الصحية المركزية في شرق مدينة طهران خلال عام 2019

سابقه و هدف: معنویت عاملی است که می‌تواند مبنایی برای اعتقادات و ذهنیت فرد باشد و از طریق تأثیر بر مغز و سیستم عصبی، غدد درون‌ریز و سیستم ایمنی موجب سلامت و یا بیماری فرد شود. مطالعۀ حاضر به‌منظور بررسی وضعیت سلامت معنوی و ارتباط آن با وضعیت سلامت جسمانی مراجعه‌کنندگان به مراکز جامع سلامت شرق شهر تهران در سال 98-1397 طراحی و اجرا شده است.   روش کار: این پژوهش مقطعی از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش تمامی مراجعه‌کنندگان به مراکز بهداشتی-درمانی شرق شهر تهران در سال 1398 بود. نمونه‌گیری در سه مرکز جامع سلامت در بازۀ زمانی یک ماهه به‌صورت پوآسون و به‌شیوۀ دردسترس با رضایت مراجعان انجام شد. در پایان، 522 نفر در حضور محقق پرسش‌نامه‌ها را تکمیل کردند. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامۀ 20 سؤالی استاندارد سلامت معنوی پالوتزین و الیسون استفاده شد و داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، آزمون من‌ویتنی، آزمون کروسکال-والیس و آزمون کای‌اسکوئر تجزیه و تحلیل شد. درنهایت، مقدار 05/0 P< معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، سلامت معنوی با تعداد دفعات سرماخوردگی افراد شرکت‏كننده در سال تفاوت معنی‌دار نشان داد (019/0P=). علاوه‌براین، بین امتیاز سلامت ‌مذهبی با بیماری‌های مزمن شرکت‌کنندگان نیز تفاوت معنی‌دار بود (028/0P=). آزمون تعقیبی این تفاوت امتیاز را بین گروه بیماری قلبی‌-عروقی و هیپرلیپیدمی با گروه‌های دیگر نشان داد. به این صورت که میانگین امتیاز سلامت معنوی و سلامت مذهبی و وجودی در افراد مبتلا به بیماری‌های قلبی‌-عروقی و هیپر‌لیپیدمی کمتر از گروه‌های دیگر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سلامت جسمی می‌تواند با سلامت معنوی در ارتباط باشد و امکان ابتلا به بیماری در افرادی که از نظر سلامت معنوی در سطح بالایی ارزیابی شوند کمتر است. علت آن نیز تأثیر‌پذیری مغز و سیستم عصبی و اندوکرین و ایمنی بدن از ذهن است؛ مبنای ذهن و افکار انسان نیز نظام اعتقادی، باورها و فرهنگ او است.   استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Khajavi-Shojaie K, Pirasteh A, Jouhari Z. The Relationship between Spirituality and Physical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Patients Referring to East Tehran Health Centers in 2019. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(1):63-80. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i1.26890Background and Objective: Spirituality is a factor that can be the basis for a person's beliefs and mentality, and can affect one's health or illness by affecting the brain and nervous system, endocrine and immune systems. The present study was designed to investigate the spiritual health status and its relationship with physical health status of patients referring to comprehensive health centers in Tehran. Methods: The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of the patients referring to health centers in East Tehran in 2019. 522 people filled in the Paloutzian Ellison Spiritual Health Questionnaire (20), which was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: Spiritual health showed a significant difference with the number of common cold per year (P=0.019). There was a significant difference between religious health score and chronic illness of participants (P=0.028). Follow-up testing revealed a difference in scores between the cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia groups and other groups. Conclusion: Spiritual health can lead to physical health, and people who are evaluated to be at a high spiritual level are less likely to develop diseases. It is also caused by the brain's endocrine and nervous system affecting the body's immune system. The basis of the human mind and thought is its belief system, beliefs and culture.   Please cite this article as: Khajavi-Shojaie K, Pirasteh A, Jouhari Z. The Relationship between Spirituality and Physical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Patients Referring to East Tehran Health Centers in 2019. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(1):63-80. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i1.26890خلفية البحث وأهدافه: إن الحالة الروحية عنصر يمكن أن يكون أساساً لمعتقدات وأفكار الشخص، كما أنها تؤدي إلى صحة الشخص أو مرضه من خلال تأثيرها على الدماغ والجهاز العصبي والغدد الصماء والجهاز المناعي. وقد تم تخطيط هذا التحقيق وتنفيذه بغرض دراسة الحالة الروحية وعلاقتها بالسلامة البدنية لدى المراجعين للمراكز الصحية المركزية في شرق مدينة طهران خلال العام 2019. منهجية البحث: تعتبر هذه الدراسة المقطعية من النوع الوصفي التحليلي. وقد شملت المجموعة الخاضعة للدراسة جميع المراجعين للمراكز الصحية-العلاجية في شرق مدينة طهران خلال العام 2019. وقد تم أخذ العينات في ثلاثة مراكز صحية مركزية خلال فترة زمنية تمتد لمدة شهر واحد بصورة (بوآسون) وبطريقة الموجود المتوفر برضا المراجعين. وفي النهاية فإن 522 شخصاً قاموا بملء الاستبيانات بحضور المحقق. وقد تمت الاستفادة من استمارات تحتوي على 20 سؤال لاختبارات معايير السلامة الروحية لـ Paloutzian و  Ellisonوذلك بغرض جمع البيانات. ومن ثم تم تفكيك وتحليل البيانات بالاستعانة بمعامل علاقة إسبيرمن، واختبار مان ويتني، و اختبار كروسكال وأليس، واختبار كاي اسكوئر، وفي النهاية فقد تم اعتبار قيمة 05/0 P<ذات معنى. وقد تمت مراعاة جميع الجوانب الأخلاقية في هذه الدراسة، ولم يلحظ مؤلفو المقالة أي تعارض للمصالح. الكشوفات: تشير النتائج المستخرجة إلى وجود اختلاف ذي معنى بين الصحة الروحية وعدد مرات الإصابة بالأنفولونزا خلال العام عند المراجعين (019/0P=)، مضافاً إلى ذلك فقد كان هناك اختلاف ذو معنى أيضاً بين درجة الصحة الدينية والأمراض المزمنة للمشاركين (028/0P=). وقد أظهر اختبار المتابعة هذا الاختلاف بالدرجات بين مجموعة أمراض القلب-الأوعية الدموية وزيادة الدهون في الدم مع سائر المجموعات الأخرى. الاستنتاج: تشير النتائج إلى إمكان وجود علاقة بين الصحة البدنية والصحة الروحية، وأن إمكان الإصابة بالأمراض عند الأفراد الذين يتمتعون بمستوى عالٍ من الصحة الروحية يكون أقل. وسبب ذلك يرجع إلى تأثر الدماغ والجهاز العصبي والغدد الصماء والجهاز المناعي للبدن بالذهن.كما أن الركن الذي يقوم عليه ذهن الإنسان وأفكاره أيضاً إنما هو نظامه الاعتقادي ومعتقداته وثقافته.   يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Khajavi-Shojaie K, Pirasteh A, Jouhari Z. The Relationship between Spirituality and Physical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Patients Referring to East Tehran Health Centers in 2019. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(1):63-80. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i1.2689

Skin Protective Behavior Amongst Girl Students; Based on Health Belief Model

Skin cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in most of the countries and more than 90% of cancer cases are related to ultra violet rays of the sun. Therefore protective behaviors against sunlight are considered the most essential measures for skin cancer prevention. This study has been conducted to determine the frequency of protective behavior against sunlight among female students of Tehran city high schools. The Health Belief Model has been used for this cross-sectional study to analyze the factors related to protective behaviors. A multi-phase sampling method was used. 941 female student of Tehran city high schools were studied using a probed question form. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software. During the study of protective behaviors against the sunlight, 24.7% of participants mentioned that they always use sunscreen. The behavior of using sunscreen is related to perceived sensitivity, severity and benefit amongst the students (P<0.05). Also 3.8% of the students who participated in our study were always using gloves in summer to protect against sunlight. The behavior of using gloves in summer was also related to perceived sensitivity, severity and benefit (P<0.05). Physicians were the most effective influencing people with 84.9% influence on the appropriate decision making by these students. There is a low frequency of protective behavior against sunlight among the female students of Tehran city high schools. These findings show the necessity of training the students in this regard and promote the protective behaviors amongst them

Patients’ Attitude and Feeling toward the Presence of Medical Students in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Educational Clinics

Introduction : Patients are cornerstone of ambulatory teaching of medical students in clinics worldwide. Patient’s attitude and feeling towards the service they receive grounds for an increase in patients’ collaboration and consequently the quality of students’ clinical education. The aim of this study is to assess patient’s attitude and feeling toward the presence of medical students in educational clinics of Shahid Mostsfa Khomeini hospital.   Methods : This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 502 patients who visited 8 educational clinics of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in year 2013 who were selected through convenience sampling. Data was gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire as well as its reliability were confirmed using Chronbach’s Alpha (α=0.75). Statistical data analysis was performed using t-test and ANOVA.   Results: Mean score of patients’ feeling toward presence of medical students was 3.46±1 out of 5 total scores. In overall, 71.8% of patients were relaxed during history taking and examination by students. There was a significant statistical difference between mean and standard deviation of the feelings of patients informed about presence of students (3.81±0.73) and those non-informed (3.13±1.1) patients about negotiation (p=0.001, t=7.95). A significant difference was also observed between mean and standard deviation of the feelings of the patients toward examination and history taking by physicians of opposite gender (3.76±1) or the same gender (3.25±0.93) (p=0.001).   Conclusion : In general, patient’s felt comfortable about presence of medical students during history taking and examination. But in case of being further informed about presence of students and emphasis on their role on students’ training as well as being guaranteed about their privacy, this feeling will be increased among patients

Development and validation of psychosocial determinants measures of physical activity among Iranian adolescent girls

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of psychosocial determinants of physical activity-related measures in Iranian adolescent girls.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Several measures of psychosocial determinants of physical activity were translated from English into Persian using the back-translation technique. These translated measures were administered to 512 ninth and tenth-grade Iranian high school students.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results of a series of factor analysis showed that the self-efficacy scale contained a single factor, the social support scale contained two factors: family support and friend support, the physical activity 'pros & cons' scale contained two factors: physical activity pros scale and physical activity cons scale, the change strategies scale contained a single factor, the environment scale also contained a single factor. Chronbach's alphas, mean inter-item correlations and test-retest coefficients showed that these solutions were reliable. </p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These preliminary results provide support for using the mentioned scales to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity in Iranian adolescent girls.</p