692 research outputs found
Distinct dynamical behavior in Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi networks, regular random networks, ring lattices, and all-to-all neuronal networks
Neuronal network dynamics depends on network structure. In this paper we
study how network topology underpins the emergence of different dynamical
behaviors in neuronal networks. In particular, we consider neuronal network
dynamics on Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi (ER) networks, regular random (RR) networks, ring
lattices, and all-to-all networks. We solve analytically a neuronal network
model with stochastic binary-state neurons in all the network topologies,
except ring lattices. Given that apart from network structure, all four models
are equivalent, this allows us to understand the role of network structure in
neuronal network dynamics. Whilst ER and RR networks are characterized by
similar phase diagrams, we find strikingly different phase diagrams in the
all-to-all network. Neuronal network dynamics is not only different within
certain parameter ranges, but it also undergoes different bifurcations (with a
richer repertoire of bifurcations in ER and RR compared to all-to-all
networks). This suggests that local heterogeneity in the ratio between
excitation and inhibition plays a crucial role on emergent dynamics.
Furthermore, we also observe one subtle discrepancy between ER and RR networks,
namely ER networks undergo a neuronal activity jump at lower noise levels
compared to RR networks, presumably due to the degree heterogeneity in ER
networks that is absent in RR networks. Finally, a comparison between network
oscillations in RR networks and ring lattices shows the importance of
small-world properties in sustaining stable network oscillations.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Potts model on complex networks
We consider the general p-state Potts model on random networks with a given
degree distribution (random Bethe lattices). We find the effect of the
suppression of a first order phase transition in this model when the degree
distribution of the network is fat-tailed, that is, in more precise terms, when
the second moment of the distribution diverges. In this situation the
transition is continuous and of infinite order, and size effect is anomalously
strong. In particular, in the case of , we arrive at the exact solution,
which coincides with the known solution of the percolation problem on these
networks.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Discovering trends in photosynthesis using modern analytical tools: More than 100 reasons to use chlorophyll fluorescence
database, we followed the development of chlorophyll fluorescence research (CFR) during 1947–2018. We confirmed
dramatic increase in diversity of CFR from late 90-ties and vigorous development of this discipline in the last ten
years. They are parallel to an increase in number of research areas and institutions involved and were triggered by
the accumulation of knowledge and methodological, technological, and communication advances, especially modern
fluorimeters and fluorescence techniques. The network analysis of keywords and research areas confirmed CFR changed
into modern, multidisciplinary, highly collaborative discipline, in which in spite of many ‘core’ disciplines as plant science,
environmental sciences, agronomy/food science and technology, the promising, modern areas developed: biochemistry
and molecular biology, remote sensing, and big data artificial intelligence method
Neural networks with dynamical synapses: from mixed-mode oscillations and spindles to chaos
Understanding of short-term synaptic depression (STSD) and other forms of
synaptic plasticity is a topical problem in neuroscience. Here we study the
role of STSD in the formation of complex patterns of brain rhythms. We use a
cortical circuit model of neural networks composed of irregular spiking
excitatory and inhibitory neurons having type 1 and 2 excitability and
stochastic dynamics. In the model, neurons form a sparsely connected network
and their spontaneous activity is driven by random spikes representing synaptic
noise. Using simulations and analytical calculations, we found that if the STSD
is absent, the neural network shows either asynchronous behavior or regular
network oscillations depending on the noise level. In networks with STSD,
changing parameters of synaptic plasticity and the noise level, we observed
transitions to complex patters of collective activity: mixed-mode and spindle
oscillations, bursts of collective activity, and chaotic behaviour.
Interestingly, these patterns are stable in a certain range of the parameters
and separated by critical boundaries. Thus, the parameters of synaptic
plasticity can play a role of control parameters or switchers between different
network states. However, changes of the parameters caused by a disease may lead
to dramatic impairment of ongoing neural activity. We analyze the chaotic
neural activity by use of the 0-1 test for chaos (Gottwald, G. & Melbourne, I.,
2004) and show that it has a collective nature.Comment: 7 pages, Proceedings of 12th Granada Seminar, September 17-21, 201
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