One-Step reverse transcriptase PCR for detection of arboviruses in serum samples of patients assisted in Basic health Units in the State of Maranhão, Brazil / PCR de transcriptase reversa em uma etapa para detecção de arbovírus em amostras de soro de pacientes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no estado do Maranhão, Brasil

polymerase chain reaction to detect acute infections caused by dengue, zika, chikungunya, and mayaro virus in clinical samples. Methods: We evaluated 620 sera samples collected from March 2016 to March 2018 and provided by the Central Health Laboratory of Maranhão (LACEN-MA). Total RNA was isolated from clinical specimens and used as the template for one-step RT-PCR assays with specific-primers designed for this study. Results: Of the 620 sera evaluated, 386 (62.2%) were positive, among them 330 (85.5%) amplified a specific fragment for chikungunya, 55 (14.2%) showed a fragment compatible with dengue serotype 4, and 1 (0.3%) exhibited profile for mayaro virus. Conclusions: The results obtained here were more sensitive than IgM-ELISA because the viral RNA was detected in serum samples from patients, not only from 1 to 6 days but also from 7 to 10 days after the beginning of clinical signs (convalescent period). Besides, the mayaro virus was detected in one serum sample that was IgM-ELISA negative for dengue, zika, and chikungunya. 

Detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes by one-step multiplex reverse transcription PCR assays / Detecção e diferenciação de sorotipos do vírus da dengue por ensaios de PCR com transcrição reversa multiplexada em uma etapa

Background: Dengue infections are a severe public health problem in Brazil. The Ministry of Health recommends an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the capture of IgM (MAC-ELISA) to diagnose dengue. However, it detects antibodies that cross-react with other flaviviruses and requires confirmation in reference laboratories. Methods: One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay was used to amplify RNA of 197 serum from patients with clinical suspicion of dengue infection. The samples had been screened with the IgM ELISA kit in the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Maranhão. Results: Of the 197 samples evaluated by IgM ELISA, 135 were positive; of these, 96 (71.1%) were from patients in the acute phase of the infection. The one-step multiplex RT-PCR detected viral RNA in 88 (91.7%) of this serum. Among the 62-negative serum by ELISA, 29 samples (46.8%) were amplified using the molecular method. Conclusions: One-step multiplex RT-PCR was sensitive in the detection of viral particles from the first day until the sixth day after the onset of the feverish period. Moreover, it was specific and 100% reproducible. Based on these results, we recommend the use of this molecular assay to diagnose and differentiate the DENV serotypes in the acute phase of the disease.Background: Dengue infections are a severe public health problem in Brazil. The Ministry of Health recommends an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the capture of IgM (MAC-ELISA) to diagnose dengue. However, it detects antibodies that cross-react with other flaviviruses and requires confirmation in reference laboratories. Methods: One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay was used to amplify RNA of 197 serum from patients with clinical suspicion of dengue infection. The samples had been screened with the IgM ELISA kit in the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Maranhão. Results: Of the 197 samples evaluated by IgM ELISA, 135 were positive; of these, 96 (71.1%) were from patients in the acute phase of the infection. The one-step multiplex RT-PCR detected viral RNA in 88 (91.7%) of this serum. Among the 62-negative serum by ELISA, 29 samples (46.8%) were amplified using the molecular method. Conclusions: One-step multiplex RT-PCR was sensitive in the detection of viral particles from the first day until the sixth day after the onset of the feverish period. Moreover, it was specific and 100% reproducible. Based on these results, we recommend the use of this molecular assay to diagnose and differentiate the DENV serotypes in the acute phase of the disease

Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of Genetic Polymorphism of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Isolates Obtained from the Same Patient before and after Therapeutic Failure or Reactivation of Cutaneous Lesions

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-04-11T11:55:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fatima_silva_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1229743 bytes, checksum: 564bb69ce587819ac59bd71df9b3059d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-04-11T12:04:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fatima_silva_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1229743 bytes, checksum: 564bb69ce587819ac59bd71df9b3059d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T12:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fatima_silva_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1229743 bytes, checksum: 564bb69ce587819ac59bd71df9b3059d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Sistemática Bioquímica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The aim of this study was to investigate genetic polymorphism in Leishmania braziliensis population previously typed through isoenzyme electrophoresis, isolated from the same patient in two different moments: (A) before the beginning of treatment and (B) after treatment failure to meglumine antimoniate or reactivation after successful initial treatment. Fifteen pairs of isolates were assessed using the polymorphic molecular marker LSSP-PCR and following the phenetic analysis. The genetic profiles of the 30 samples were grouped in four clusters. Only two patients presented total identity in the A and B isolates. Most isolates presented similarity coefficients varying from 0.63 to 0.91. In this group of patients genetic polymorphisms could be observed indicating low similarity between the pairs of isolates. The results demonstrate the existence of genetic polymorphism between the samples isolated before treatment and after reactivation or treatment failure, suggesting a possible differentiation of the structure of the original parasite population which could be involved in the mechanisms of resistance to treatment or reactivation of lesions in the ATL. This phenomenon is important, although other factors also could be involved in this context and are discussed in this paper

O trabalho de professores/as em um Espaço de privação de liberdade

O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que teve como problemática as necessidades de formação continuada dos docentes que atuam na Escola Supletiva da Penitenciária, situada no Complexo Penitenciário do município de Florianópolis. A pesquisa evidenciou e neste artigo se apresentam as demandas de atuação dos/as docentes investigados, as quais não estão restritas às questões relacionadas diretamente ao modo de funcionamento dos espaços de privação de liberdade, mas sim a questões mais abrangentes relacionadas às particularidades do trabalho docente nesses espaços, às metodologias, modo de compreender os estudantes, a relação com os profissionais do complexo penitenciário e fundamentos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos

"Segundo a qualidade de suas pessoas e fazenda": estratégias educativas na sociedade mineira colonial "According to their personal qualities and possessions": educational strategies in the Minas Gerais colonial society

Este artigo analisa algumas estratégias educativas na Comarca do Rio das Velhas, Capitania de Minas Gerais, no século XVIII, envolvendo diferentes grupos e indivíduos, que buscavam, por meio da educação escolar e não escolar, construir seus espaços de atuação e adequação naquela sociedade.<br>This article analyses some educational strategies in the Rio das Velhas Comarca, Minas Gerais Capitania, in the 18th century, involving different groups and individuals that were seeking, through school and non school education, to build their spaces for working and adapting in that society