Hydrolyzed chicken liver used as single source of animal protein in diet and its effect on cytokines, immunoglobulins, and fecal microbiota profile of adult dogs

Dogs with food allergies and enteropathies may require hydrolyzed diets to prevent or reduce clinical signs, therefore the protein sources used in these diets must be previously characterized and evaluated in healthy dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hydrolyzed chicken liver powder-based diet (HCLP) versus a poultry by-product meal and bovine meat and bone meal-based diet (Control), on complete blood count (CBC), cytokine, immunoglobulins responses (assessed on days 0, 15, 30 and 45), and fecal microbiota (assessed on day 45) in healthy adult dogs. The CBC did not differ between diets (P>0.05), remaining within reference range. Total plasma IL-4 concentrations were decreased over time independent of the dietary treatment (P0.05). β- diversity principal coordinate analysis plots demonstrated that HCLP group had a higher similarity than control. Based on our results, healthy adult dogs fed a HCLP based diet main- tained normal values for hematological and immunological characteristics, and fecal micro- biota after 45 days of feeding

Pesticides: A Perspective of Scientific Production in West of Bahia

The use of pesticides has intensified with agricultural modernization process, triggered by the Green Revolution, which brought about changes in the production system, resulting in high social costs, environmental and public health. Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides and assesses that this market will grow even more in the near future. Given the risk that pesticides pose, it was found that there is an urgent need to intensify the studies, as are scarce research in the Northeast and especially in western Bahia. This research aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on pesticides in West of Bahia. Therefore, publications consultation was made in the database Portal.periodicos.Capes with the keywords "West of Bahia" and "Pesticides". The results show that the number of worldwide publications has been growing over the years, representing 98% of the total, while Brazil has only 2% in West of Bahia was not found publication. There are many challenges in front of the dimension that the theme "pesticide" offers. Thus, priorities and strategies for research should be defined, seeking to boost scientific productivity in an attempt to make changes to help chart a way to sustainable development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v9i2.90

POLÍTICAS INDIGENISTAS, DESENVOLVIMENTO E TERRITORIALIDADES INDÍGENAS NO BRASIL ATUAL

As relações entre os povos originários e a sociedade brasileira são historicamente mediadas pelo Estado. Na República, em decorrência dos conflitos promovidos por frentes expansionistas, foi criado o Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (1910), implantando o regime tutelar. Durante o Regime Militar, o SPI foi extinto e substituído pela FUNAI, que seguiu os mesmos princípios integracionistas, atrelados à política desenvolvimentista na Amazônia. A Constituição de 1988 aboliu esses preceitos e reconheceu a organização autônoma desses povos. Nas últimas décadas, o Estado brasileiro, em consonância com o agronegócio, mineradoras e outros interesses, restringiu a autonomia étnica e territorial dos povos indígenas. O artigo analisa os impactos dessas políticas sobre a organização social e a cosmopolítica desses povos, nos campos da educação, desenvolvimento, políticas indigenistas, territorialidade e relações interétnicas

Photobiomodulation therapy does not decrease pain and disability in people with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review

Question: In people with non-specific low back pain (LBP), what are the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on pain, disability and other outcomes when compared with no intervention, sham PBMT and other treatments, and when used as an adjunct to other treatments? Design: Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. Participants: People with acute/subacute or chronic non-specific LBP. Interventions: Any type of PBMT (laser class I, II and III and light-emitting diodes) compared with no treatment, sham PBMT and other types of treatment, or used as an adjunct to another treatment. Outcome measures: Pain intensity, disability, overall improvement, quality of life, work absence and adverse effects. Results: Twelve randomised controlled trials were included (pooled n = 1,046). Most trials had low risk of bias. Compared with sham PBMT, the effect of PBMT on pain and disability was clinically unimportant in people with acute/subacute or chronic LBP. In people with chronic LBP, there was no clinically important difference between the effect of PBMT and the effect of exercise on pain or disability. Although benefits were observed on some other outcomes, these estimates were imprecise and/or based on low-quality evidence. PBMT was estimated to reduce pain (MD −11.20, 95% CI −20.92 to −1.48) and disability (MD −11.90, 95% CI −17.37 to −6.43) more than ultrasound, but these confidence intervals showed important uncertainty about whether the differences in effect were worthwhile or trivial. Conversely, PBMT was estimated to reduce pain (MD 19.00, 95% CI 9.49 to 28.51) and disability (MD 17.40, 95% CI 8.60 to 26.20) less than Tecar (Energy Transfer Capacitive and Resistive) therapy, with marginal uncertainty that these differences in effect were worthwhile. Conclusion: Current evidence does not support the use of PBMT to decrease pain and disability in people with non-specific LBP.publishedVersio

How is copepod functional diversity shaped by 2015-2016 El Niño and seasonal water masses in a coastal ecosystem of Southwest Atlantic?

Functional traits, short life cycles, and the pivotal role in the ocean make copepod diversity a solid foundation forassessing the effect of global changes in marine food webs and ecosystem functioning. Climate change and extremeevents, particularly El Niño, can affect coastal ecosystems. The Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve (MPA), locatedin highly productive coastal waters of the Southern Brazilian Bight, presents complex climate and oceanographicconditions. This study investigates the influence of oceanographic processes and El Niño 2015-2016 on the copepodfunctional diversity from 2014 to 2016 in the Arvoredo MPA. Horizontal tows were performed using a WP2 net witha mesh size of 200 µm. The 41 species accounted for 19 functional entities and four functional groups. Our findingsreveal that the seasonal intrusion of water masses influenced copepod functional diversity. During summer, theupwelling of South Atlantic Central Water increased nutrient availability and favored large herbivore-omnivoresand carnivores. The Plata Plume Water enrichment during winter coincided with a decline in functional richness andabundance, leading to the predominance of the Oithona nana, a small-sized omnivore. Compensatory mechanismswere observed as functional equivalence and species composition shifts. Acartia lilljeborgii and Temora turbinataexhibited functional equivalence and compensated for each other in response to salinity changes associatedwith upwelling and El Niño. The copepod assemblage demonstrated the ability to maintain functional diversity despitechanges in copepod abundance. However, the decline in functional diversity and abundance during the intense winterindicated potential disruption in trophic dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Maintaining balance and compensatingfor disturbances such as El Niño is crucial for marine food web resilience. The functional trait approach provided acomprehensive understanding of the copepod assemblage in Arvoredo MPA, contributing to a broader knowledgeof the impact of oceanographic processes intensification. Monitoring functional diversity and abundance is crucial forevaluating the effects of copepod assemblage changes in ecosystem functionings

Impacto do conceito de empacotamento de partículas na dosagem de concretos de alto desempenho

O concreto de alto desempenho (CAD) é um material que apresenta características específicas, como alta resistência à compressão e elevada durabilidade. Para que esse concreto atenda às suas características especí-ficas, uma cuidadosa seleção e dosagem dos seus componentes devem ser realizadas. Desta forma, este traba-lho buscou contribuir com o estudo de dosagem do CAD, utilizando o conceito de empacotamento de partí-culas, onde foi determinada a proporção ótima dos componentes particulados a partir do modelo de Alfred, também conhecido como modelo de Andreasen modificado. Realizada a dosagem do CAD, analisou-se a influência do empacotamento de partículas no seu desempenho mecânico e nas propriedades reológicas da pasta de cimento e argamassa constituintes do CAD. O CAD otimizado, com base no conceito de empacota-mento de partículas, apresentou, aos 28 dias, resistência à compressão satisfatória, podendo ser classificado como um concreto de alta resistência, e superior à resistência à compressão do CAD de referência. Na carac-terização reológica da pasta de cimento e argamassa, o emprego do empacotamento provocou um aumento da fluidez, facilitando o escoamento, sem prejudicar a estabilidade da mistura de concreto.Palavras-chave: Concreto de alto desempenho, Dosagem, Empacotamento de partículas, Reologia

Direito à Paisagem: Apontamentos Sobre a Cidade e Suas Estruturas Verdes e Hídricas

A proposta deste ensaio busca discuitr o conceito do direito à paisagem, em um contexto de cidade metropolitana, que vai se transformando em uma simbiose de escalas descortinando em uma multiplicidade de ambientes, revelando-se como uma um cidade multimunicipal, com arranjos espacial, nos quais ocorrem a fusão de competências e escalas, na esteira de conflitos sócios territoriais e ambientais, denaturezas diversas.Palavras-chave: paisagem, direito, ambiente, cidad

Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain, quality of life and sleep in patients with fibromyalgia: study protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely used as adjuvant strategy for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The light-tissue interaction (photobiostimulation) promotes analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and improves tissue healing, which could justify the recommendation of this therapy for patients with fibromyalgia, leading to an improvement in pain and possibly minimizing social impact related to this disease. The present study proposes to evaluate the effect of LLLT on tender points in patients with fibromyalgia, correlating this outcome with quality of life and sleep. METHODS/DESIGN: One hundred and twenty patients with fibromyalgia will be treated at the Integrated Health Center and the Sleep Laboratory of the Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences of the Nove de Julho University located in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. After fulfilling the eligibility criteria, a clinical evaluation and assessments of pain and sleep quality will be carried out and self-administered quality of life questionnaires will be applied. The 120 volunteers will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (LLLT, n = 60) or control group (CLLLT, n = 60). Patients from both groups will be treated three times per week for four weeks, totaling twelve sessions. However, only the LLLT group will receive an energy dose of 6 J per tender point. A standardized 50-minute exercise program will be performed after the laser application. The patients will be evaluated regarding the primary outcome (pain) using the following instruments: visual analog scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and pressure algometry. The secondary outcome (quality of life and sleep) will be assessed with the following instruments: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Berlin Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and polysomnography. ANOVA test with repeated measurements for the time factor will be performed to test between-groups differences (followed by the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test), and a paired t test will be performed to test within-group differences. The level of significance for the statistical analysis will be set at 5% (P ≤0.05). TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this study is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials – ReBEC (RBR-42gkzt

Relationship between insulin resistance and adipocytokines: the mediator role of adiposity in children

Background: Leptin and adiponectin interact with each other in the modulation of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and it is also important to consider the role of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in these relationships. Aim: To analyse the relationship between IR with adipocytokines in children, and to test the mediation effect of %BF (percentage of body fat) in the association of IR with leptin, adiponectin, and L/A ratio. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 150 schoolchildren, aged 6–11 years, from school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), percentage of body fat (%BF), and biochemical variables (leptin, adiponectin, glucose, and insulin). Results: IR was associated with leptin and L/A ratio, after adjustments for age, sex, sexual maturation, and CRF. When adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturation, and MF, an association was found between IR with leptin and L/A ratio. Moreover, %BF was a mediator in the association between IR and leptin, as well as IR and L/A ratio, explaining 54% and 57% of these associations, respectively. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio are positively associated with IR after adjustments. Also, %BF is a mediator in the associations between IR and leptin and L/A ratio