Google Sky y los estándares de catalogación: un ejemplo de divergencia entre la información astronómica existente y la que se puede describir

A survey has been carried out on the astronomical information supplied by Google Sky and the information which can be described using the standards MARC21, ISBD consolidated edition, and RDA. The main goal of the study is to show that some astronomical and astrophysical information is still not taken into account in describing different astronomical resources as well as cartographic material. This information could eventually be incorporated as description fields of the aforementioned cataloguing rules. Such fields would allow us to carry out a much more complete and adequate description of these astronomical resources. We have focused on celestial objects appearing in astronomical images which can be found in astronomical archives and libraries. First a brief survey of astronomical information supplied by Google Sky and its linked databases, SIMBAD and NED is performed. Subsequently, we show how the existing description fields describe celestial cartographic materials, and finally we present a new proposal consisting of the desirable minimum parameters which could be included in bibliographic records.Se realiza una revisión tanto de la información astronómica que ofrece Google Sky como la que permiten describir MARC21, ISBD consolidada y RDA, para demostrar que no se han contemplado hasta el momento determinados parámetros astronómicos y astrofísicos, susceptibles de convertirse en futuros campos de descripción de estos estándares. Dichos campos permitirán realizar descripciones mucho más completas y adecuadas de diferentes recursos astronómicos como material cartográfico. En concreto, se analizan exclusivamente aquellos objetos celestes contenidos en imágenes astrofotográficas que pueden encontrarse en archivos y bibliotecas astronómicas. Para ello, primero se realiza una síntesis de la información astronómica que ofrecen Google Sky y las bases de datos a las que enlaza, SIMBAD y NED. Posteriormente se indican los campos de descripción de los que disponen estos estándares para describir material cartográfico celeste y, por último, se realiza una propuesta de los parámetros mínimos deseables relevantes que podrían incluirse en un registro

Tipología de recursos astronómicos históricos y fondos documentales en las cartotecas españolas: estado de la cuestión

The state of the art about a type of specialised resource with great historical and scientific value is presented: the astronomical documentation. First of all, the main types of astronomical resources are defined focusing on their historical evolution. Secondly, the result of a survey carried out between April and May 2014 about the astronomical collections in Spanish map libraries and archives is shown taking as a reference the IBERCARTO directory of 2012. Conclusions show that almost half of queried libraries and archives map have these type of documents, but disseminated in different collections. Moreover, around 70% of the institutions have catalogued all of their astronomical documentation and have used the classical encoding (MARC 21) and cataloguing standards (ISBD and ISAD(G)), although recent studies have shown that these standards are not the most suitable ones to describe it. Hence, a satisfactory scientific information retrieval is not achieved.Se presenta el estado de la cuestión de un tipo de recurso especializado de gran valor histórico y científico: la documentación astronómica. Para ello, en primer lugar se definen los principales tipos de recursos astronómicos existentes señalando su evolución histórica. En segundo lugar se presentan los resultados de un estudio, realizado entre abril y mayo de 2014, sobre los fondos astronómicos existentes en cartotecas españolas, tomando como referencia el directorio de IBERCARTO de 2012. Las conclusiones indican que casi la mitad de las cartotecas encuestadas conservan documentos de este tipo, encontrándose dispersos en diferentes colecciones. Además, en torno al 70% de las instituciones tienen catalogada toda su documentación astronómica, descrita con los estándares clásicos de codificación (MARC 21) y catalogación (ISBD e ISAD(G)), aunque recientes estudios han puesto de manifiesto que estos estándares no son los más adecuados para describirla, por lo que actualmente no se consigue una satisfactoria recuperación de información

Innovación y desarrollo endógeno en áreas rurales : el caso del Somontano de Barbastro (Huesca, España)

En este trabajo se analiza la trayectoria reciente de la comarca del Somontano de Barbastro, en la provincia de Huesca. Su potencial de innovación se basa en los recursos endógenos revalorizados y reinterpretados, que tienen en cuenta los aspectos productivos y la dimensión social y cultural. Se han puesto en marcha actividades de desarrollo endógeno que han demostrado capacidad y habilidad para innovar a escala local. Nos ocupamos del Parque Cultural del Río Vero, de la Ruta del Vino y del Proyecto de Marca de Calidad Territorial. En estas actuaciones innovadoras, en su gestión y en la gestación del actual proyecto de desarrollo territorial ha sido muy importante la existencia de los recursos naturales, patrimoniales, artísticos y agroalimentarios o la formación de los agentes implicados. Pero el factor más importante del proyecto territorial de la comarca del Somontano es la calidad de la gobernanza, que ha hecho posible la competitividad territorial.En aquest treball s'analitza la trajectòria recent de la comarca del Somontano de Barbastre, a la província d'Osca. El seu potencial d'innovació es basa en els recursos endògens revalorats i reinterpretats, que tenen en compte els aspectes productius i la dimensió social i cultural. S'han posat en marxa activitats de desenvolupament endogen que han demostrat capacitat i habilitat per innovar a escala local. Ens ocupem del Parc Cultural del Riu Vero, de la Ruta del Vi i del Projecte de Marca de Qualitat Territorial. En aquestes actuacions innovadores, en la seva gestió i en la gestació de l'actual projecte de desenvolupament territorial ha estat molt important l'existència de recursos naturals, patrimonials, artístics i agroalimentaris o la formació dels agents implicats. Però el factor més important del projecte territorial de la comarca del Somontano és la qualitat de la governança, que ha fet possible la competitivitat territorial.Cet article analyse l'histoire récente du pays du Somontano de Barbastro dans la province de Huesca. Leur potentiel d'innovation est basée sur les ressources endogènes réévaluées et réinterprétées, en tenant compte de sa dimension productive, sociale et culturelle. Ils ont commencé des activités de développement endogène, qui ont démontré la capacité et l'aptitude à innover au niveau local. Nous nous occupons dans cet article du Parc Culturel du Río Vero, de la Route des Vins et de la marque de qualité territoriale proposée. Ces activités innovantes dans la gestion et création du projet de développement territorial actuel ont été très importantes par l'existence de ressources naturelles, du patrimoine, de l'art, ou de l'agroalimentaire. Mais le projet le plus important du territoire du pays de Somontano est la qualité de la gouvernance, qui a rendu possible la compétitivité territoriale.This work analyzes the recent history of Somontano region, Huesca province. Its innovation potential is based on revalued and reinterpreted endogenous resources, which take into account productive aspects and the social and cultural dimension. Endogenous development activities have been started up, showing both skill and ability to innovate on a local environment. We will focus on Río Vero cultural park, the wine road, and the Territorial Quality Brand Project. It has been of great importance the availability of natural, patrimonial, artistic and agro alimentary resources or the growth of involved elements in the management of these innovative actions and the development of the current territorial development project. But the key factor of the territorial project of Somontano region is the quality of its governance, that has made possible territorial competitiveness

Modificación del paisaje agrícola en el regadío de la ribera del Ebro (Zaragoza)

This study analyses the recent transformations suffered by the irrigated land in the central sector of the Depression of the Ebro river, above all, since the incidence of the restructuring processes in the urban industry. This is going to change population activities and land ocupation. The most flashy aspect, alghough not the only one, is the substitution of traditional growings, such as vegetables, for other of extensive character as irrigated or industrial growing. This situation allows a generalization of the part-time agriculture.Este trabajo se ocupa del análisis de las transformaciones recientes que ha sufrido el paisaje de regadío en el sector central de la Depresión del Ebro -en torno a la ciudad de Zaragoza-, sobre todo a partir de la incidencia de los procesos de reestructuración de la industria urbana. Este fenómeno va a generar cambios en las actividades de la población y en la ocupación del suelo. El aspecto más llamativo, aunque no el único, es la sustitución de cultivos tradicionales, como las hortalizas, por otros de carácter extensivo, como los cereales de regadío, leguminosas o cultivos industriales. Ello permite la generación de la agricultura a tiempo parcial. [fr] Cette étude s'occupe de l'analyse des trasformations que le paysage d'irrigation de la zone centrale de la Dépression de l'Ebre -autor de la ville de Saragosse- a subies, surtout à partir de l'incidence des processus de réorganisation de l'industrie urbaine. Ceci va entraîner des changements dans las activités de la population et aussi en ce quel concerne l'occupation du sol. L'aspect le plus remarqueable, mais pas le seul, c'est la substitution des cultures tradicionelles, telle que la culture maraîchère, para des autres cultures de type extensive, comme les céréales irrigables, les légumineuses ou bien les cultures industrielles. Ceci poermet la généralisation de l'agriculture à temps partiel

EduZinc: A tool for the creation and assessment of student learning activities in complex open, online and flexible learning environments

This article describes the development of an application for the grading and provision of feedback on educational processes. The too, named EduZinc, enables instructors to go through the complete process of creating and evaluating the activities and materials of a course. The application enables for the simultaneous management of two teaching-related aspects: (a) creation of individualized learning products (activities, tests and exams) and (b) automatic grading (for every learning product; automated creation of student, class, and competency-based reports; and delivery of personalized reports to students, instructors and tutors). The system also has a series of warnings in place to notify instructors and tutors when a student is falling behind. As a means to reward the efforts made during the course, the program keeps relevant statistics, notifying when a student is excelling in the course

Including transcription factor information in the superparamagnetic clustering of microarray data

"In this work, we modify the superparamagnetic clustering algorithm (SPC) by adding an extra weight to the interaction formula that considers which genes are regulated by the same transcription factor. With this modified algorithm that we call SPCTF, we analyze Spellman et al. microarray data for cell cycle genes in yeast, and find clusters with a higher number of elements compared with those obtained with the SPC algorithm. Some of the incorporated genes by using SPCFT were not detected at first by Spellman et al. but were later identified by other studies, whereas several genes still remain unclassified. The clusters composed by unidentified genes were analyzed with MUSA, the motif finding using an unsupervised approach algorithm, and this allow us to select the clusters whose elements contain cell cycle transcription factor binding sites as clusters worth of further experimental studies because they would probably lead to new cell cycle genes. Finally, our idea of introducing available infor-mation about transcription factors to optimize the gene classification could be implemented for other distance-based clustering algorithms.

Association of increased fibrinogen concentration with impaired activation of anticoagulant protein C

BACKGROUND: Low levels of activated protein C (APC) are a risk factor for venous thrombosis. The mechanisms leading to interindividual differences in APC are not totally elucidated. Protein C is activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. As thrombin binds to fibrinogen and thrombomodulin through a common region, it is conceivable that fibrinogen influences the activation of protein C. This would help to explain the association between high levels of fibrinogen and an increased thrombotic risk. METHODS: We analyzed the association between circulating APC levels and fibrinogen concentration in 382 healthy subjects. Subsequently, we studied the effect of increasing fibrinogen concentrations on the APC generation on cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS: An independent inverse association between circulating APC levels and fibrinogen was found [betacoefficient, -0.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.26, -0.06; P = 0.001]. For each 100 mg dL(-1) increase in fibrinogen, the independent risk of having low APC levels (<0.7 ng mL(-1)) was almost three times higher (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.1, 7.2; P = 0.04). Accordingly, a notable association between increasing fibrinogen concentrations and the reduction in the thrombin-thrombomodulin dependent activation of protein C on endothelial cells was found (r = -0.57; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence of an inverse association between circulating APC and fibrinogen levels. According to this finding together with the results of our in vitro experiments, we propose that the impairment in the generation of APC on endothelial cells constitutes a new prothrombotic mechanism of fibrinogen

Ankle Injuries Associated with Basketball Practice: Current Situation and Literature Review

Introduction: Basketball is one of the most practiced sports in the world. Traditionally, it has been considered that it is a sport of low physical contact, and that sports injuries occur less frequently than in other sports such as football or rugby. However, we have seen the appearance of several recent studies that count basketball as one of the sports with higher injury rates, and among them, especially ankle injuries. Material and methods: In our study, we performed a literature review on ankle injuries associated with basketball practice. We selected the relevant articles of Pubmed using the keywords “basketball”, “ankle” (ankle) and “injury”, published between 2006 and 2015. We limited the selection to those studies that dealt with injuries associated with basketball, whether descriptive or analytical, without taking into account the populations that the authors studied or whether in addition to basketball, other sports were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: experimental studies, case reports and then whose text is impossible to obtain. Results and discussion: Initially 114 studies were obtained, of which 13 were selected applying the previously mentioned criteria. They observed the incidence of ankle injuries during basketball practice in different population groups, different levels of practice (professional and amateur) and during different periods of time. Among professional athletes, we could observe that ankle sprains account for more than 20% of the injuries suffered by athletes that they are accountable for almost 10% of the matches that a professional player loses because of an injury, and that only about half of them take place during a game, which increases the importance of injuries that occur during practice. When it comes to amateur level basketball, we can observe in several studies that, while the male population is more prone to need medical assistance for ankle injuries during the practice of this sport (from 18.3% of injuries associated with basketball, up to 52%, according to the series), the female population has a greater predisposition for knee injuries (63% of injuries associated with basketball for only 21% of ankle injuries in some jobs). Conclusions: After analysing the recent literature, we could draw among others the following conclusions: basketball is a sport which is closely linked to the appearance of ankle injuries; the most prevalent ankle injury is sprain; the incidence of injuries increases the higher the level of practice, being maximum in professionals; these injuries have an evident impact on the athlete’s usual sports and extrasports practice; and gender may have an influence on the joint affected by basketball related injuries. Basketball is a rising sport at the moment, with a great social and economic impact in the world of today. Its practice is becoming more frequent, and with it the incidence of injuries associated with it, especially those occurring in the ankle joint. It is therefore expected that in the coming years, we are likely to observe the appearance of more works in the literature that confirm this fact, as well as advances in the treatment and recovery of the athletes who suffer them

Regeneration dynamics in fragmented landscapes at the leading edge of distribution: Quercus suber woodlands as a study case

[EN] Aims We studied the regeneration dynamics of woodlands and abandoned old fields in a landscape dominated by Quercus suber in its lower limits of rainfall and temperature. Two hypotheses were established: (1) regeneration of Quercus species is strongly favored by the presence of tree cover; and (2) growth of Q. suber is driven by the climatic variables that represent the lower ecological limit of its leading distribution edge. Methods We selected woodlands and old fields with and without tree remnants (n = 3 per type), and analyzed stand structure, soil parameters and tree growth. Results Succession was arrested in old fields without tree remnants. By contrast, remnant trees were accelerators of forest recovery in old fields. Tree cover played a fundamental role in Quercus recruitment throughout seed dispersal and facilitation that mitigate the effects of summer drought on seedlings. Also, tree cover improved soil parameters (e.g., organic matter) that are important factors for understanding differences in regeneration. Winter/spring precipitation exerted a positive effect on tree growth, as well as temperatures during winter/spring and September. Conclusions Regeneration dynamics are modeled by the density of tree cover in the cold and dry edge of the distribution area of Q. suber where Q. ilex is increasing in abundance. Although temperature has a positive effect on the tree growth of Q. suber, when demographic processes are considered, decreases in water availability likely play a critical role in Q. ilex recruitment. This in turn changes dominance hierarchies, especially in abandoned areas with little or no tree cover.This study was funded by project SA013G19 from “Junta de Castilla y León” and by research grants awarded for final projects directed in the Master’s degree in Biology and Conservation of Biodiversity at the University of Salamanca, Spain.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Ski Lesions Around the Knee: A Literature Review

Ski is a popular sports practiced worldwide although it is considered a high-risk sports with high incidence of injuries. A common place for injuries is the knee, with a wide range from knee sprains to complex ligamentous injuries to fractures. In this chapter, we made a search in PubMed using the words “knee” and “ski.” Later, we selected those articles according to the inclusion criteria. When reviewing the literature, we found that the most common place for a ski-related injury is the knee, with knee sprains and ACL lesions being the most common diagnosis in the latter years with a decreasing incidence of tibia fractures. We could also analyze the risk factors different authors have found, for professional athletes and for recreational skiers. In conclusion, the ACL lesion in the skier presents a high incidence, which suggests an effort should be made to prevent it