Dynamic reinforcement activities in the subject of Music

El presente artículo responde a la necesidad de proponer alternativas a la metodología docente en cuanto a un tipo de actividades llamadas: “actividades de refuerzo”, en la materia de Música de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Para ello, se proponen diferentes actividades cuyo objetivo será no sólo que los alumnos repasen y refuercen los contenidos aprendidos en dicha área, sino también motivarlos y hacer de este tipo de actividad un juego, con el que poder divertirse y disfrutar, a la vez que aprender e interactuar con sus compañeros de clase, sin dejar de lado la parte más formal de la asignatura.This article responds to the need to propose alternatives to teaching methodology in terms of a type of activities called "reinforcement activities", in the subject of Music of Secondary Education. To this end, different activities are proposed, whose objective will be not only that students review and reinforce the contents learned in that area, but also motivate them and make this type of activity a game, so they can have fun and enjoy themselves, while they learn and interact with their classmates, without leaving aside the more formal part of the subject

Differences between success and failure in academic self-attributions in Language and Literature

Los problemas de asistencia a la escuela son un tema candente dentro de la sociedad en la que nos encontramos ya que poseen un impacto significativo en el desarrollo del alumnado. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en comprobar si existen diferencias en las puntuaciones medias entre los sujetos con bajas y altas puntuaciones en rechazo escolar en función de las dimensiones de las atribuciones académicas en Lengua. Se administraron la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) y la School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) a 732 estudiantes (52% chicos) comprendidos entre 8 y 11 años (M =9.71; SD = 1.06). A partir de los resultados hallados, se confirma la hipótesis de inicio, según la cual se esperaba que el alumnado con altas puntuaciones en rechazo escolar obtuviera puntuaciones significativamente superiores en su atribución del fracaso a la falta de capacidad y esfuerzo. Esto ocurrió en aquellos estudiantes que basaban su rechazo a la escuela en evitar la afectividad negativa generada por determinadas situaciones escolares o escapar de situaciones de aversión social o evaluación. La actual situación ocasionada por la pandemia de la COVID-19, ha acentuado los problemas de la sociedad, y, sobre todo, del alumnado y todo lo que ello conlleva. Con el propósito de prevenir los problemas subyacentes es necesario conocer las necesidades de este alumnado y formar a los docentes para que sepan detectar estas dificultades a la hora de asistir a la escuela y estar preparados para ayudar al alumnado en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.School attendance problems are a hotly debated topic in our society as they have a major impact in the students’ development. The objective of this research consisted of assessing the differences in the average scores between the individuals who achieved low and high scores in school refusal behavior related to academic self-attributions in Language. The Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) and the School Refusal Assessment-Scale (SRAS-R) were administered to 732 students (52% boys) aged 8 to 11 (M =9.71; SD = 1.06). From the results found, the hypothesis is confirmed, since it was expected that students with high scores in school refusal behavior obtained significantly higher scores on attributions of failure to ability and effort. This occurred in those students who based their rejection of school on avoiding the negative affectivity generated by certain school situations or escaping from situations of social aversion or evaluation. The current situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the problems of society, and, above all, of the students and all that this entails. In order to prevent underlying problems, it is necessary to know the needs of these students and train teachers so that they know how to detect these difficulties when attending school and be prepared to help students in their teaching-learning process.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, y Fondos FEDER (RTI2018-098197-B-I00) otorgado a José M. García-Fernández y el Proyecto GV/2019/075 otorgado a Carolina Gonzálvez

Classifying Students With School Refusal Behavior and Their Relationship to Learning Strategies

Students with School Refusal Behaviour (SRB) are a diverse group, often associated with negative academic repercussions (e.g., low academic performance, learning difficulties or academic demotivation). The aims of this research were: 1) to identify school refusal behaviour profiles based on low and high scores on the four functional conditions assessed by the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and 2) to examine the relationship between SRB profiles and learning strategies. The SRAS-R and the Inventory of Learning and Study Strategies-High School version were administered to 1,261 students aged to 14 to 18 (M = 16.51; SD = 1.84). Four SRB profiles were obtained: SRB by positive reinforcement, Low SRB, SRB by negative reinforcement and Mixed SRB. School refusers belonging to the Mixed SRB and SRB by negative reinforcement profiles are characterised by low scores on learning strategies, except for the Anxiety dimension. The practical implications of these findings suggest that implementing study techniques and learning strategies programmes, in addition to courses on anxiety management and self-care will help students improve their learning paths and reduce anxiety-based school refusal.This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Fondos FEDER with the grant number RTI 2018-098197-B-I00 awarded to JG-F and the Project GV/2019/075 awarded to CG

Patrón de alimentación complementaria en lactantes de 6 y 9 meses de edad

Durante el primer año de vida se producen en el niño cambios madurativos y en sus necesidades energéticas que hacen necesaria la adaptación de su alimentación en cada momento. Alrededor de los 4-6 meses, la alimentación láctea puede no ser suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de los lactantes y se hace necesaria la introducción de la alimentación complementaria. Este trabajo es un estudio observacional longitudinal,realizado en lactantes reclutados a los 6 meses de edad en Huesca con el objetivo de describir el patrón de ingesta de alimentación complementaria y el papel de cada grupo alimentario en la alimentación de los lactantes de 6 y 9 meses de edad. Se trata de una muestra formada por 124 lactantes en la que se ha comprobado que la introducción de la alimentación complementaria en nuestro medio está acorde con las recomendaciones institucionales. Los resultados son los siguientes: la prevalencia de lactancia materna es alta; el alimento favorito para iniciar esta diversificación alimentaria es el cereal, seguido de la fruta; la edad media de inicio de los cereales es a los 5 meses y la gran mayoría de lactantes es ya consumidora de todos los grupos alimentarios a los 9 meses de edad. Según orden cuantitativo, la ingesta de alimentación complementaria se realiza a partir de fórmula infantil, seguida de papilla de verduras con carne o pescado, frutas, yogures y por último cereales. Tanto a los 6 como a los 9 meses, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la alimentación de los lactantes que toman leche materna y la de los que no la toman: los lactados al pecho toman menos cantidad de puré de verduras y carne

Implantació del consentiment informat a Catalunya

Consentiment informat; Drets dels pacients; Comunicació clínicaInformed consent; Patient Rights; Clinical communicationConsentimiento informado; Derechos de los pacientes; Comunicación clínicaEl consentiment informat és la conformitat lliure, voluntària i conscient d’un pacient, manifestada en el ple ús de les seves facultats després de rebre la informació adequada, perquè tingui lloc una actuació que afecta la seva salut. Es descriuen detalladament els objectius i la metodologia emprada per desenvolupar el projecte i també es presenten els resultats preliminars obtinguts a l’estudi pilot.El consentimiento informado es la conformidad libre, voluntaria y consciente de un paciente, manifestada en el pleno uso de sus facultades después de recibir la información adecuada, para que tenga lugar una actuación que afecta a su salud. Se describen detalladamente los objetivos y la metodología utilizada para desarrollar el proyecto y también se presentan los resultados preliminares obtenidos en el estudio piloto.Informed consent is the free, voluntary and conscious consent of a patient, expressed in the full use of their faculties after receiving the appropriate information, so a medical action that affects their health takes place. The objectives and the methodology used to develop the project are described in detail and the preliminary results obtained in the pilot study are also presented

European mitochondrial haplogroups predict liver-related outcomes in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been associated with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our aim was to determine whether mtDNA haplogroups are associated with liver-related events (LREs) in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cohort study in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who were potential candidates for therapy with interferon and ribavirin (IFN/Rib) between 2000 and 2009. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of LREs (decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma). mtDNA genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. We used Fine and Gray proportional hazards model to test the association between mtDNA haplogroups and LREs, considering death as a competitive risk. RESULTS: The study population comprised 243 patients, of whom 40 had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. After a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 90 patients treated with IFN/Rib achieved sustained viral response (SVR), 18 patients had LREs, and 11 patients died. Patients with haplogroup H had lower cumulative incidence than patients with other haplogroups (p = 0.012). However, patients with haplogroup T had higher cumulative incidence than patients with other haplogroups (p = 0.074). In the multivariate analysis, haplogroup T was associated with an increased hazard of developing LREs [adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) = 3.56 (95% CI 1.13;11.30); p = 0.030]; whereas haplogroup H was not associated with lower hazard of LREs [aSHR = 0.36 (95% CI 0.10;1.25); p = 0.105]. When we excluded patients who achieved SVR during follow-up, we obtained similar SHR values. CONCLUSIONS: European mitochondrial haplogroups may influence the natural history of chronic hepatitis C.This study was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación de Sanidad en España (Spanish Funds for Health Research [FIS]), grant numbers PI14/01094 and PI17/00657 to JB, PI14CIII/00011 and PI17CIII/00003 to SR. The study was also funded by the RD16CIII/0002/0002 and RD16/0025/0017 projects as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I and cofunded by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). JB is an investigator from the Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (I3SNS), Refs INT15/00079 and INT16/00100. LMM, MAJS, and PGB are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (grant numbers CD14/00002, CD13/00013, CP14/0010, and FI12/00036; respectively).S

Effect of Combination Antibiotic Empirical Therapy on Mortality in Neutropenic Cancer Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia

To assess the effect of combination antibiotic empirical therapy on 30-day case-fatality rate in neutropenic cancer patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteremic pneumonia. This was a multinational, retrospective cohort study of neutropenic onco-hematological patients with PA blood stream infection (BSI) (2006–2018). The effect of appropriate empirical combination therapy, appropri ate monotherapy and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy [IEAT] on 30-day case-fatality was assessed only in patients with PA bacteremic pneumonia. Among 1017 PA BSI episodes, pneumonia was the source of BSI in 294 (28.9%). Among those, 52 (17.7%) were caused by a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain and 68 (23.1%) received IEAT, mainly when the infection was caused by an MDR strain [38/52 (73.1%) vs. 30/242 (12.4%); p < 0.001]. The 30-day case-fatality rate was higher in patients with PA bacteremic pneumonia than in those with PA BSI from other sources (55.1% vs. 31.4%; p < 0.001). IEAT was associated with increased 30-day case-fatality (aHR 1.44 [95%CI 1.01–2.03]; p = 0.042), whereas the use of appropriate combination empirical treatment was independently associated with improved survival (aHR 0.46 [95%CI 0.27–0.78]; p = 0.004). Appropriate empiri cal monotherapy was not associated with improved overall survival (aHR 1.25 [95%CI 0.76–2.05]; p = 0.39). Combination antibiotic empirical therapy should be administered promptly in febrile neutropenic patients with suspected pneumonia as the source of infection

Prediction of hepatic fibrosis in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus based on genetic markers

Objective: To assess the ability of the cirrhosis risk score (CRS) to predict liver fibrosis progression in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. Design: Retrospective follow-up study. Methods: Based on a minimum follow-up time of 10 years with HCV infection, 190 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were classified according to their METAVIR score: (1) 25 nonprogressor patients who did not develop fibrosis (F0) and (2) 165 progressor patients who developed fibrosis (F ≥ 1). Seven polymorphisms of CRS signature and IL28B genotype were performed using the GoldenGate assay. The CRS signature was calculated by naive Bayes formula as previously described. Results: Nonprogressors had CRS values significantly lower than progressors (0.61 versus 0.67; P = 0.043). Among the progressors, we observed similar CRS values through all the fibrosis stages (F1/F2/F3/F4). The percentage of patients with CRS > 0.70 (high risk of developing fibrosis) was higher in progressors than in nonprogressors; but the percentages with values between 0.50 and 0.70 (intermediate risk) and <0.50 (low risk) were quite similar for each of the fibrosis stages (P = 0.047). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CRS for discriminating nonprogressor versus progressor was 0.625 (P = 0.043). When clinical variables were considered (age at HCV infection, intravenous drug use, gender, IL28B, and HCV genotype), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CRS improved up to 0.739 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: CRS itself seems not to be a good marker for identifying HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who are at high risk of developing liver fibrosis. However, CRS score coupled with clinical factors might help to distinguish between nonprogressors and progressors patients.Supported by Fondo de Investigacion de Sanidad en España (FIS) (Spanish Health Founds for Research) Grants PI08/0738, PI11/00245; PI08/0928, and PI11/01556; Red Española de Investigación en SIDA (RIS) (AIDS Research Network) Grants RD12/0017/0024 and RD12/0017/0004; and “Fundación para la Investigación y la Prevención del Sida en España” (FIPSE) Grant 361020/10. A. F. R., M. G. F., P. G. B., and M. A. J. S. are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” Grants UIPY-1377/08, CM09/00031, FI12/00036, and CM10/00105, respectively.S

Tuning the N\'eel temperature in an antiferromagnet: the case of NixCo1-xO microstructures

We show that it is possible to tune the N\'eel temperature of nickel(II)-cobalt(II) oxide films by changing the Ni to Co ratio. We grow single crystalline micrometric triangular islands with tens of nanometers thickness on a Ru(0001) substrate using high temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Composition is controlled by adjusting the deposition rates of Co and Ni. The morphology, shape, crystal structure and composition are determined by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction, and synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectromicroscopy. The antiferromagnetic order is observed by x-ray magnetic linear dichroism. Antiferromagnetic domains up to micrometer width are observed