Efecto de la vitrificación en la incidencia de aneuploidías en los resultados clínicos del programa de Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantacional

En pacientes definidas como pobres respondedoras el limitado número de ovocitos obtenidos supone el principal problema para optimizar las tasas de recién nacido vivo. El resultado de recuperar menos óvulos es obtener menos embriones para seleccionar y transferir y, por ello, estas pacientes tienen tasas más bajas de gestación por transfer y menor tasa acumulada de embarazo por ciclo de fecundación in vitro iniciado en comparación con pacientes con respuesta adecuada a la estimulación. Los resultados de un ciclo de Diagnóstico Genético Preimplantacional (PGD) también van a estar influidos por el número de embriones que se puedan analizar en cada caso. Las pacientes bajo respondedoras tienen por tanto un menor número de ovocitos y embriones, hecho que reduce significativamente sus posibilidades de éxito en un ciclo de PGD. En estas pacientes existe además una alta tasa de abandono del tratamiento. Teniendo en cuenta estos dos aspectos, en los últimos años se han llevado a cabo una serie de estrategias en el laboratorio a fin de aumentar el rendimiento del ciclo y disminuir en lo posible la tasa de cancelación. Este trabajo de tesis doctoral pretende evaluar mediante un estudio retrospectivo la eficacia del programa de PGD en sus diferentes estrategias y en pacientes bajo respondedoras después de varios ciclos de estimulación ovárica y acumulación de ovocitos previos al análisis genético, en combinación o no de embriones obtenidos de ovocitos frescos de un ciclo de ICSI.In patients identified as poor responders limited number of oocytes is the main problem to optimize live birth rates. The result is get back less egg fewer embryos to select and transfer and, therefore, these patients have lower pregnancy rates per transfer and lowest cumulative pregnancy rate per IVF cycle started compared with patients with adequate response to stimulation. The results of a series of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) will also be influenced by the number of embryos that can be analyzed in each case. Low responder patients therefore have fewer oocytes and embryos, a fact that significantly reduces their chances of success in a cycle of PGD. In these patients there is also a high rate of treatment discontinuation. Considering these aspects, in recent years they have carried out a number of strategies in the laboratory to increase the cycle efficiency and reduce as far as possible the cancellation fee. This doctoral thesis aims through a retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of PGD program in its various strategies and low responder patients after several cycles of ovarian stimulation and oocyte prior accumulation of genetic analysis, in combination or not embryos of fresh oocytes ICSI cycle

Sensory Input-Dependent Changes in Glutamatergic Neurotransmission- Related Genes and Proteins in the Adult Rat Trigeminal Ganglion.

Experience-dependent plasticity induces lasting changes in the structure of synapses, dendrites, and axons at both molecular and anatomical levels. Whilst relatively well studied in the cortex, little is known about the molecular changes underlying experience-dependent plasticity at peripheral levels of the sensory pathways. Given the importance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the somatosensory system and its involvement in plasticity, in the present study, we investigated gene and protein expression of glutamate receptor subunits and associated molecules in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) of young adult rats. Microarray analysis of naïve rat TG revealed significant differences in the expression of genes, coding for various glutamate receptor subunits and proteins involved in clustering and stabilization of AMPA receptors, between left and right ganglion. Long-term exposure to sensory-enriched environment increased this left–right asymmetry in gene expression. Conversely, unilateral whisker trimming on the right side almost eliminated the mentioned asymmetries. The above manipulations also induced side-specific changes in the protein levels of glutamate receptor subunits. Our results show that sustained changes in sensory input induce modifications in glutamatergic transmission-related gene expression in the TG, thus supporting a role for this early sensory-processing node in experience-dependent plasticity.post-print804 K

Desarrollo del pensamiento funcional-trigonométrico

Presentamos un laboratorio centrado en la resignificación de la función trigonométrica, en un contexto gráfico-variacional. Nos proponemos crear un escenario didáctico-experimental donde el participante trabaje en la modelación y el estudio de un movimiento oscilatorio. El sentido experimental del escenario se fundamenta en la naturaleza de lo trigonométrico, un conocimiento cuya construcción está en estrecha relación a la matematización de la naturaleza, específicamente de los fenómenos periódicos. Mediante la lectura y el uso de las gráficas, nos proponemos construir aquello que le da sentido y dota de significados a la función trigonométrica, mostrando que ésta no es necesariamente una extensión y/o generalización de la razón trigonométrica

Sinorhizobium fredii Strains HH103 and NGR234 Form Nitrogen Fixing Nodules With Diverse Wild Soybeans (Glycine soja) From Central China but Are Ineffective on Northern China Accessions

Sinorhizobium fredii indigenous populations are prevalent in provinces of Central China whereas Bradyrhizobium species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, and others) are more abundant in northern and southern provinces. The symbiotic properties of different soybean rhizobia have been investigated with 40 different wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions from China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Bradyrhizobial strains nodulated all the wild soybeans tested, albeit efficiency of nitrogen fixation varied considerably among accessions. The symbiotic capacity of S. fredii HH103 with wild soybeans from Central China was clearly better than with the accessions found elsewhere. S. fredii NGR234, the rhizobial strain showing the broadest host range ever described, also formed nitrogen-fixing nodules with different G. soja accessions from Central China. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing an effective symbiosis between S. fredii NGR234 and G. soja. Mobilization of the S. fredii HH103 symbiotic plasmid to a NGR234 pSym-cured derivative (strain NGR234C) yielded transconjugants that formed ineffective nodules with G. max cv. Williams 82 and G. soja accession CH4. By contrast, transfer of the symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a to a pSym-cured derivative of S. fredii USDA193 generated transconjugants that effectively nodulated G. soja accession CH4 but failed to nodulate with G. max cv. Williams 82. These results indicate that intra-specific transference of the S. fredii symbiotic plasmids generates new strains with unpredictable symbiotic properties, probably due to the occurrence of new combinations of symbiotic signals.España, Junta de Andalucía P11-CVI-7500España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2016-78409-

β2-Adrenoceptors and GRK2 as Potential Biomarkers in Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation

Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) is a frequent complication after repair of congenital heart disease. Three different GRK isoforms (GRK2, GRK5, and GRK3) and two β-adrenoceptors (β1-AR and β2-AR) are present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their expression changes as a consequence of the hemodynamic and neurohumoral alterations that occur in some cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they could be useful as biomarkers in PR. A prospective study was conducted to describe the expression (TaqMan Gene Expression Assays) of β-ARs and GRKs in PBMC isolated (Ficoll® gradient) from patients with severe PR before and after pulmonary valve replacement and establish if this expression correlates to clinical status. 23 patients with severe PR were included and compared with 22 healthy volunteers (controls). PR patients before the PVR had a significantly lower expression of β2-AR (513.8 ± 261.2 mRNA copies) vs. controls (812.5 ± 497.2 mRNA copies), so as GRK2 expression (503.4 ± 364.9 copies vs. 858.1 ± 380.3 mRNA copies). The expression of β2-AR and GRK2 significantly decreases in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, as well as in patients under treatment with beta-blockers and non-treated patients. The expression of β2-AR and GRK2 in PR patients recovers the normal values after pulmonary valve replacement (754,8 ± 77,1 and 897,8 ± 87,4 copies, respectively). Therefore, changes in the expression of β2-AR and GRK2 in PBMC of PR patients, could be considered as potential biomarkers to determine clinical decisions.This study has been supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (SAF2013-45362-R).S

Plan de marketing para implementar el relanzamiento del lubricante para motos Shell Advance

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo detallar el plan de marketing de lubricantes para motos de 4 tiempos de la marca Shell Advance, en el mercado de Lima. Shell es el proveedor número uno en la fabricación y comercialización de lubricantes a nivel mundial por 12 años consecutivos (Kline y Company 2018). Es representado en Perú por su macrodistribuidor Nexo Lubricantes S.A. (empresa del grupo Primax). Dentro del negocio B2C de Nexo Lubricantes, Shell Advance es la tercera marca más vendida (15 % de volumen de venta) que al año 2017 ha tenido una baja inversión de marketing, pero ha visto la oportunidad de crecimiento dado el incremento del parque automotor de motos lineales y trimotos. En el capítulo II de la presente tesis se muestra el entorno competitivo de la categoría de lubricantes, donde 4 marcas son las que lideran el mercado: Motul, Castrol, Repsol y Shell; y que la oferta de productos no es diferenciada. Se estima que la participación de Shell Advance 4 tiempos en Lima es 3.7 %. En el capítulo III se exponen los hallazgos de la investigación de mercado realizada. Se han identificado tres tipos de consumidores: motociclistas que utilizan los vehículos para trabajar de delivery o courier, los mototaxistas que conducen trimotos y los motociclistas particulares. Finalmente, en el capítulo VI se ha realizado la evaluación financiera del presente plan de marketing, para ello se ha calculado la tasa de descuento referencial al sector, (13.53 % aproximadamente). Respecto a la tasa de descuento del sector se ha concluido que en un escenario conservador el proyecto generaría un retorno de la inversión en marketing de 47.12 %

Bee trypanosomatids: first steps in the analysis of the fenetic variation and population structure of Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae

Trypanosomatids are among the most prevalent parasites in bees but, despite the fact that their impact on the colonies can be quite important and that their infectivity may potentially depend on their genotypes, little is known about the population diversity of these pathogens. Here we cloned and sequenced three non-repetitive single copy loci (DNA topoisomerase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase II large subunit, RPB1) to produce new genetic data from Crithidia bombi, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim isolated from honeybees and bumblebees. These were analysed by applying population genetic tools in order to quantify and compare their variability within and between species, and to obtain information on their demography and population structure. The general pattern for the three species was that they were subject to the action of purifying selection on nonsynonymous variants, the levels of within species diversity were similar irrespective of the host, there was evidence of recombination among haplotypes and they showed no haplotype structuring according to the host. C. bombi exhibited the lowest levels of synonymous variation (πS= 0.06 ± 0.04%) — and a mutation frequency distribution compatible with a population expansion after a bottleneck — that contrasted with the extensive polymorphism displayed by C. mellificae (πS= 2.24 ± 1.00 %), which likely has a more ancient origin. L. passim showed intermediate values (πS= 0.40 ± 0.28 %) and an excess of variants a low frequencies probably linked to the spread of this species to new geographical areasThis study was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (grant number CGL2012-34897), the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) - European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (grant numbers E-RTA2014-00003-C03-01, 02 and 03), the Eva Crane Trust (grant number ECTA_20210308) and the Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (grant of Regional Excellence19908/GERM/2015)S

Atención residencial a personas con demencia. Intervención desde el Trabajo Social

Se pretende identificar la forma de intervenir en la atención a personas que sufren demencias desde la disciplina del Trabajo Social, enmarcado en el ámbito de un Servicio Social Especializado, en un centro de atención residencial y dentro de un método de trabajo interdisciplinar. Al mismo tiempo se ha reflexionado, desde la práctica, sobre la importancia del rol del (de la) trabajador(a) social en la atención de las personas que sufren demencias y sus familias

False positive rate of an arrayCGH platform for single-cell preimplantation genetic screening and subsequent clinical application on day-3

In this work, false positive rate of an arrayCGH platform for its use in day-3 single-blastomere analysis was calculated. For this purpose, 38 embryos diagnosed as abnormal on day-3 by FISH were re-biopsied on day-4. Single-cell day-4 arrayCGH diagnosis was then performed. A successful amplification was obtained in 97.4 % (37/38) of the day-4 cells analysed by arrayCGH. Day-3 FISH and day-4 arrayCGH diagnosis were concordant in 35/37 cases. The two discordant embryos were spread and all the cells from each embryo were re-analysed by FISH on day 5. The same error rate (2.7 %) for day-3 FISH and day-4 arrayCGH was obtained when comparing day-5 FISH re-analysis. After this pre-clinical phase, the platform was used for day-3 arrayCGH clinical application in 320 patients (1,760 embryos). Day-3 amplification rate was 98.6 %. An optimal reproductive outcome was obtained when applying arrayCGH to a clinical program: clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of 38.4 % and 60.3 % per transference were obtained, with an implantation rate of 53.5 %. Overall miscarriage rate was 10.6 %. Additionally, day-5 FISH re-analysis was performed in 42 of the embryos from the clinical phase, obtaining a concordance rate of 97.6 % with day-3 arrayCGH.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10815-012-9918-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users