Matricide : a brief review

Matricídio, o ato de matar a mãe cometido por um(a) filho(a) é talvez o mais impactante e destruidor de todos os crimes. Sua incidência, descrita em estudos de relato de caso e de séries de casos, fica ao redor de 1% de todos os homicídios, contudo sua ocorrência sempre é chocante e historicamente considerada um tabu. Os autores descrevem a epidemiologia, características e uma breve revisão da literatura, contendo as três abordagens explicativas mais relatadas (cognitivo-comportamental, sistemas familiares e psicanalítica), a fim de embasar o relato de um caso de tentativa de matricídio.Matricide, the act of killing one’s mother by her son or daughter, is perhaps the most shocking and destructive of all crimes. Its incidence, taken from case reports and series of cases, is around 1% of all homicides – yet its occurrence is always terrifying and historically considered a taboo. The authors describe its epidemiology and characteristics and present a brief literature review comprising the three most referred theoretical approaches (cognitive-behavioral, systemic therapy and psychoanalytical) in order to set the grounds to the report of a case of matricide attempt

Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. Results: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing. Conclusion: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait

Characterizing neuroanatomic heterogeneity in people with and without ADHD based on subcortical brain volumes

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Neuroanatomic heterogeneity limits our understanding of ADHD's etiology. This study aimed to parse heterogeneity of ADHD and to determine whether patient subgroups could be discerned based on subcortical brain volumes. Methods: Using the large ENIGMA-ADHD Working Group dataset, four subsamples of 993 boys with and without ADHD and to subsamples of 653 adult men, 400 girls, and 447 women were included in analyses. We applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to seven subcortical volumes in order to constrain the complexity of the input variables and ensure more stable clustering results. Factor scores derived from the EFA were used to build networks. A community detection (CD) algorithm clustered participants into subgroups based on the networks. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (basal ganglia, limbic system, and thalamus) in boys and men with and without ADHD. Factor structures for girls and women differed from those in males. Given sample size considerations, we concentrated subsequent analyses on males. Male participants could be separated into four communities, of which one was absent in healthy men. Significant case-control differences of subcortical volumes were observed within communities in boys, often with stronger effect sizes compared to the entire sample. As in the entire sample, none were observed in men. Affected men in two of the communities presented comorbidities more frequently than those in other communities. There were no significant differences in ADHD symptom severity, IQ, and medication use between communities in either boys or men. Conclusions: Our results indicate that neuroanatomic heterogeneity in subcortical volumes exists, irrespective of ADHD diagnosis. Effect sizes of case-control differences appear more pronounced at least in some of the subgroups

Evaluación de la eficiencia de los aditivos sikament tm -140 y chemament 440 en la elaboración de concreto para zonas de clima cálido-desértico en Chiclayo-Lambayeque

En el Perú, en la ciudad de Chiclayo, la elaboración del concreto refleja preocupación en cada ciudadano. Las reducidas posibilidades económicas para contratar técnicos especializados conllevan al incumplimiento de las normas técnicas, los errores más comunes respecto a estructuras radican en su dosificación, vaciado, compactado y trabajabilidad inadecuada. El clima en los últimos años ha cambiado notoriamente, estas temperaturas generan gran impacto en la elaboración del concreto, siendo cada vez más cálido en zonas donde la temperatura aumenta en las épocas de verano; especialmente en Chiclayo. El objetivo principal es determinar la eficiencia de los aditivos superplastificantes (Sikament Tm-140 y Chemament 440), en la elaboración de concreto para zonas de clima cálido-desértico en la ciudad de Chiclayo. Esta investigación es del tipo descriptiva, su método de diseño es experimental. Se realizaron ensayos de los agregados, se elaboró diseños de mezclas con aditivos Sikament Tm-140 y Chemament 440, en proporciones de 0.7, 1.35 y 2.0% respecto al peso del cemento, se evaluó sus propiedades del concreto, se realizó un análisis de costos unitarios en la fabricación del concreto patrón y con aditivos, para resistencias (f´c) de 280, 350 y 420 kg/cm2. Se analizó la eficiencia de los aditivos: El asentamiento es mayor, mejora la trabajabilidad respecto al concreto patrón, el tiempo de fraguado es mayor que el concreto patrón, se elaboró paneles de concreto presentándose mayores fisuras en los paneles que no fueron curados, la resistencia se vio incrementada a mayor dosificación de aditivo respecto al concreto patrón.Tesi

Dependência de tecnologia: avaliação e diagnóstico

Num mundo cada vez mais influenciado pela tecnologia, crescem as dúvidas sobre o papel que as novas tecnologias passam a ter nas nossas vidas e sobre as possíveis consequências negativas que podem acarretar. Considera-se dependência de tecnologia quando o indivíduo não consegue controlar o uso da tecnologia, principalmente quando esse uso está tendo impacto negativo nas principais áreas da vida (relacionamentos interpessoais, desempenho nos estudos/trabalho, saúde física, etc.). Trata-se de um fenômeno global, que parece afetar em torno de 6% da população e que pode ter apresentações bastante heterogêneas. Os subtipos de dependência de tecnologia de maior relevância na prática clínica são: dependência de jogos eletrônicos, de redes sociais e de smartphones. Na maioria dos casos de dependência de tecnologia é possível identificar a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas. Além de uma avaliação completa e centrada no diagnóstico, uma escuta atenta para as especificidades dos jogos e das redes sociais utilizadas pelos pacientes, assim como para as motivações para o seu uso, pode também fornecer informações relevantes para o atendimento dos pacientes

PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL E BIODIVERSIDADE: A QUESTÃO DO ACESSO À INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E A BIOPIRATARIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

O presente artigo tem por objetivo cerne abordar a questão envolvente da propriedade intelectual e a biodiversidade na américa latina, tal como nos mostra o atual panorama em que se dá a bioprospecção nos países megadiversos do continente latino americano no hemisfério sul. O que se pode observar, quando se aborda o tema da propriedade intelectual, é que os direitos inerentes a esta seara, abarcam a questões como a titularidade, exclusividade do uso e outros direitos inerentes a proteção levando em conta, de certa forma a posição econômica daqueles que a reivindicam. Enquanto a proteção jurídica busca garantir ao descobridor da tecnologia, a comercialização do produto, retorno de seu investimento e demais fatores, acaba da mesma forma garantindo exclusividade ao processo de desenvolvimento desta descoberta em detrimento do local onde fora descoberto e como chegou-se ao acesso do conhecimento tradicional encontrado na biodiversidade de países abundantes em recursos naturais, tal como podemos citar o Brasil. Do mesmo modo, se faz necessário frisar que juntamente com questão principal do tema proposto, é delinear a questão do acesso a estas tecnologias e inovações por meio da biopirataria como uma constante no continente sul-americano

Predictors of gaming disorder in children and adolescents : a school-based study

Objective: To determine whether psychiatric and gaming pattern variables are associated with gaming disorder in a school-based sample. Methods: We analyzed data from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Psychiatric Disorders, a community sample aged 10 to 18, using questionnaires on gaming use patterns. We applied the Gaming Addiction Scale to diagnose gaming disorder and the Development and Well-Being Behavior Assessment for other diagnoses. Results: Out of 407 subjects, 83 (20.4%) fulfilled the criteria for gaming disorder. More role-playing game players were diagnosed with gaming disorder that any other genre. Gaming disorder rates increased proportionally to the number of genres played. Playing online, being diagnosed with a mental disorder, and more hours of non-stop gaming were associated with higher rates of gaming disorder. When all variables (including age and gender) were considered in a logistic regression model, the number of genres played, the number of non-stop hours, the proportion of online games, and having a diagnosed mental disorder emerged as significant predictors of gaming disorder. Conclusion: Each variable seems to add further risk of gaming disorder among children and adolescents. Monitoring the length of gaming sessions, the number and type of genres played, time spent gaming online, and behavior changes may help parents or guardians identify unhealthy patterns of gaming behavior

Mixed convolutional and long short-term memory network for the detection of lethal ventricular arrhythmia

Early defibrillation by an automated external defibrillator (AED) is key for the survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. ECG feature extraction and machine learning have been successfully used to detect ventricular fibrillation (VF) in AED shock decision algorithms. Recently, deep learning architectures based on 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been proposed for this task. This study introduces a deep learning architecture based on 1D-CNN layers and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for the detection of VF. Two datasets were used, one from public repositories of Holter recordings captured at the onset of the arrhythmia, and a second from OHCA patients obtained minutes after the onset of the arrest. Data was partitioned patient-wise into training (80%) to design the classifiers, and test (20%) to report the results. The proposed architecture was compared to 1D-CNN only deep learners, and to a classical approach based on VF-detection features and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The algorithms were evaluated in terms of balanced accuracy (BAC), the unweighted mean of the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). The BAC, Se, and Sp of the architecture for 4-s ECG segments was 99.3%, 99.7%, and 98.9% for the public data, and 98.0%, 99.2%, and 96.7% for OHCA data. The proposed architecture outperformed all other classifiers by at least 0.3-points in BAC in the public data, and by 2.2-points in the OHCA data. The architecture met the 95% Sp and 90% Se requirements of the American Heart Association in both datasets for segment lengths as short as 3-s. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the most accurate VF detection algorithm to date, especially on OHCA data, and it would enable an accurate shock no shock diagnosis in a very short time.This study was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (ES) (TEC-2015-64678-R) to UI and EA and by Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (ES) (GIU17/031) to UI and EA. The funders, Tecnalia Research and Innovation and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA), provided support in the form of salaries for authors AP, AA, FAA, CF, EG, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section

Reduced fronto-striatal volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in two cohorts across the lifespan

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with altered brain anatomy in neuroimaging studies. However, small and heterogeneous study samples, and the use of region-of-interest and tissuespecific analyses have limited the consistency and replicability of these effects. We used a data-driven multivariate approach to investigate neuroanatomical features associated with ADHD in two independent cohorts: the Dutch NeuroIMAGE cohort (n = 890, 17.2 years) and the Brazilian IMpACT cohort (n = 180, 44.2 years). Using independent component analysis of whole-brain morphometry images, 375 neuroanatomical components were assessed for association with ADHD. In both discovery (corrected-p = 0.0085) and replication (p = 0.032) cohorts, ADHD was associated with reduced volume in frontal lobes, striatum, and their interconnecting whitematter. Current results provide further evidence for the role of the fronto-striatal circuit in ADHD in children, and for the first time show its relevance to ADHD in adults. The fact that the cohorts are from different continents and comprise different age ranges highlights the robustness of the findings

Age-effects in white matter using associated diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer ratio during late childhood and early adolescence

In the last decade, several studies have described the typical brain white matter maturation in children and adolescents. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most frequent MRI technique used to investigate the structural changes across development. However, few previous studies have used the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), which gives a closer measure of myelin content. Here, we employed both techniques for the same sample of 176 typically developing children from 7 to 14 years of age. We investigated the associations between DTI parameters and MTR measure, to assess the myelination in the brain in development. Secondly, we investigated age-effects on DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy, axial, radial and mean diffusivities) and MTR. No significant correlations between MTR and DTI parameters were observed. In addition, a significant age-effect was detected for DTI data but was not visible for MTR data. Thereby, changes in white matter at this age might be primarily correlated with microstructural changes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.CAPES FoundationSao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESPCNPq, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Rua Borges Lagoa 570,1 Andar, BR-04039032 Sao Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Neurosci LiNC, Sao Paulo, BrazilCNPq, Natl Inst Dev Psychiat Children & Adolescents, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed ABC, Ctr Math Computat & Cognit, Santo Andre, BrazilKings Coll London, Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci, London WC2R 2LS, EnglandUniv Sao Paulo, Lab Magnet Resonance Neuroradiol, LIM 44, Inst & Dept Radiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Dept Psychiat, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Rua Borges Lagoa 570,1 Andar, BR-04039032 Sao Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Neurosci LiNC, Sao Paulo, BrazilCAPES: 17930/12-0FAPESP: 2013/10498-6FAPESP: 2013/00506-1FAPESP: 2013/08531-5FAPESP: 2008/ 57896-8CNPq: 573974/2008-0CNPq: 442026/2014-5Web of Scienc