Under German eyes: Germán Avé-Lallemant and the origins of Marxism in Argentina

During the late 1880s and early 1890s, German socialist immigrants grouped around a club called Vorwärts played a key role in the consolidation of the first socialist groups in Argentina. In the context of a deep economic and political crisis, Germán Avé-Lallemant (1835-1910) - a mining engineer and land surveyor born in Lübeck, who later served as the Argentine correspondent of Die Neue Zeit, the theoretical journal of German Social Democracy edited by Karl Kautsky - became the main personality of Argentine socialism before the appearance of Juan B. Justo's La Vanguardia in 1894. Distancing themselves from Lassalle and embracing a Marxist ideology more closely aligned with the political line of the SPD, the first Argentine socialist groups also sketched, under Lallemant's direction, an analysis of Argentine history stressing its backwardness and arguing that capitalism would play a progressive historical role in the immediate future - an analysis explaining their originally sympathetic attitude towards the new Radical Party. Lallemant's previously unresearched German writings, set against the background of contemporary political currents in Argentina and the Second International, shed new light on his role in the origins of Argentine socialism.Fil: Poy Piñeiro, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gaido, Daniel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

La Consolidación de un Nuevo Sistema de Partidos en Uruguay

Despite its high degree of institutionalization and the relative stability of electoral competition, the Uruguayan party system has undergone a significant transformation in the last forty years. This article analyzes that change, from the bipartisan equilibrium that remained until the 1960’s, to the new three party system equilibrium expressed in the 2009 elections results. To achieve that goal it examines the evolution of electoral results, electoral volatility, and party fragmentation, as well as the change of rules that allowed the consolidation of the new party system. This perspective helps to understand, from an institutionalist view point, the way in which highly institutionalized party systems change. The central hypothesis states that changes in party systems, originated by exogenous shocks, are processed gradually through changes in electoral rules that help to stabilize the system in a new equilibrium.A pesar de su alto grado de institucionalización y de la relativa estabilidad de la competencia electoral, el sistema de partidos uruguayo ha sufrido una significativa transformación en los últimos cuarenta años. Este artículo analiza el proceso de cambio del viejo equilibrio bipartidista, que se mantuvo hasta la década de 1960, hasta el nuevo equilibrio tripartidista que se expresó en las elecciones de 2009. Para ello, se estudia la evolución de los resultados electorales, de la volatilidad y de la fragmentación, además del cambio de reglas que permitió la consolidación del nuevo sistema de partidos. Este trabajo permite comprender, desde una perspectiva institucionalista, la forma que adoptan las transformaciones de los sistemas de partidos en países altamente institucionalizados como Uruguay. La hipótesis es que los cambios producidos en el sistema de partidos, originados en shocks exógenos, se procesan gradualmente y se estabilizan a través del cambio de las reglas electorales

Factores de mediano y largo plazo para el análisis del proceso electoral de 2014 en Uruguay

This article analyzes the 2014 Uruguayan electoral process, based on the medium and long-term patterns of continuity and change observed in the Uruguayan party system. In the first place, the evolution of the party system in the last 40 years is discussed. This perspective allows to understand the changes and continuities in the distribution of votes among the parties, regarding the 2009 elections. Moreover, it explains which parameters can be associated with the little variations that the October 2014 elections have shown, in comparison to what occurred five years earlier. In the second place, primary party elections are examined in order to analyze the levels of electoral turnout and the difficulties to extrapolate these results to the national election, both between and within parties. Finally, the article explores the institutional factors that determine the characteristics of the legislative supply of the main internal fractions of parties.Este artículo analiza el proceso electoral uruguayo de 2014 a partir de las pautas de continuidad y cambio – de mediano y largo plazo – que se observan en el sistema de partidos uruguayo. En primer lugar, se discute la evolución del sistema de partidos en los últimos 40 años. Desde esta perspectiva se puede entender dentro de qué márgenes se producen los cambios y continuidades en la distribución de votos entre los partidos respecto a las elecciones de 2009 y a qué parámetros se pueden asociar las variaciones mínimas de la elección de octubre de 2014 respecto a lo que ocurrió cinco años antes. En segundo lugar, se examinan las elecciones internas de los partidos, se analizan los niveles de participación electoral y las dificultades de extrapolación de esos resultados hacia la elección nacional, tanto entre como dentro de los partidos. Por último, se indaga en los factores institucionales que determinan las características de la oferta legislativa de las principales fracciones internas de los partidos

PARTICIPACIÓN ELECTORAL EN LAS ELECCIONES PRIMARIAS EN URUGUAY

So far Uruguay is the only country in the world in which parties carried out open and simultaneous primary elections in order to select their presidential candidates. The effects of employing primaries on the election results are determined by the particular characteristics of the electorate who voluntarily participate in them. From survey data, we analyze the factors affecting participation in such instances and their effects on the type of presidential candidates tend to be elected. The results show that in primary elections vote citizens more educated, more interested in politics, identified with political parties and with more extreme ideological positions. As a result we observe that through primaries, candidates away from the median voter are more likely to be winners than with DSV system.Uruguay es el único país hasta ahora en el que todos los partidos han realizado elecciones primarias abiertas y simultáneas para seleccionar su candidato presidencial. Como el voto en las primarias es voluntario, los efectos de esta norma sobre los resultados electorales están dados por las características del electorado que participa en ellas. A partir de datos de encuesta se analizan los factores que inciden sobre la participación y sus efectos sobre el tipo de candidatos presidenciales que tienden a ser electos. Los resultados encontrados confirman las presunciones teóricas mostrando que los electores más educados, que simpatizan con los partidos, y tienen posiciones ideológicas más extremas tienen mayor propensión a participar. En consecuencia, es esperable que los pre-candidatos que se ubican en posiciones más radicales resulten beneficiados por el uso de primarias

Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers

[EN] Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending uses two-sided platforms to link borrowers with a crowd of lenders. Despite considerable diversity in crowdlending research, studies in this area typically focus on several common research topics, including information asymmetries, social capital, communication channels, and rating-based models. This young research field is still expanding. However, its importance has increased considerably since 2018. This rise in importance suggests that P2P lending may offer a promising new scientific research field. This paper presents a bibliometric study based on keyword co-occurrence, author and reference co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. The paper thus maps the key features of P2P lending research. Although many of the most cited papers are purely financial, some focus on behavioral finance. The trend in this field is toward innovative finance based on new technologies. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insight for researchers, managers, and policymakers to understand the current and future status of this field. The variables that affect new financial contexts and the strategies that promote technology-based financial environments must be investigated in the future.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Ribeiro-Navarrete, S.; Piñeiro-Chousa, J.; López-Cabarcos, MÁ.; Palacios Marqués, D. (2022). Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers. Review of Managerial Science. 16(8):2381-2411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00491-82381241116

Radio studies: An overview from the Ibero-American academia

Due to its penetration and access, radio is a very important mass media in the Ibero-American context. However, radio has not received much scholarly attention. In this framework, the present study analyses the situation of Ibero-American radio studies from the perspective of their scientific community. This approach is new in that it focuses on the work, perceptions, and assessment of radio research at supranational level, shedding light on similarities and differences in terms of how Communication is seen as a scholarly field. A questionnaire was used to understand the importance, themes, and quality of radio research from the personal, national and global perspectives, according to its 63 respondents. Participants were also asked to share their perceptions, assessments, and prospects. Despite contextual differences, our study has confirmed that radio studies are a minority field, even in areas of high impact such as new technologies. Likewise, the research career paths of those involved in radio research show how this field is still in its infancy, although some indicators such as participation in projects or cooperation rates point towards a positive evolution in the mid-short term. As per their quality perception, academics are critical of radio studies in the general framework of Communication research

Radio studies: An overview from the Ibero-American academia

Due to its penetration and access, radio is a very important mass media in the Ibero-American context. However, radio has not received much scholarly attention. In this framework, the present study analyses the situation of Ibero-American radio studies from the perspective of their scientific community. This approach is new in that it focuses on the work, perceptions, and assessment of radio research at supranational level, shedding light on similarities and differences in terms of how Communication is seen as a scholarly field. A questionnaire was used to understand the importance, themes, and quality of radio research from the personal, national and global perspectives, according to its 63 respondents. Participants were also asked to share their perceptions, assessments, and prospects. Despite contextual differences, our study has confirmed that radio studies are a minority field, even in areas of high impact such as new technologies. Likewise, the research career paths of those involved in radio research show how this field is still in its infancy, although some indicators such as participation in projects or cooperation rates point towards a positive evolution in the mid-short term. As per their quality perception, academics are critical of radio studies in the general framework of Communication research

Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending uses two-sided platforms to link borrowers with a crowd of lenders. Despite considerable diversity in crowdlending research, studies in this area typically focus on several common research topics, including information asymmetries, social capital, communication channels, and rating-based models. This young research field is still expanding. However, its importance has increased considerably since 2018. This rise in importance suggests that P2P lending may offer a promising new scientific research field. This paper presents a bibliometric study based on keyword co-occurrence, author and reference co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. The paper thus maps the key features of P2P lending research. Although many of the most cited papers are purely financial, some focus on behavioral finance. The trend in this field is toward innovative finance based on new technologies. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insight for researchers, managers, and policymakers to understand the current and future status of this field. The variables that affect new financial contexts and the strategies that promote technology-based financial environments must be investigated in the futureOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer NatureS

German immigrants and ''prehistory'' of socialism Argentina (1888-1894)

En las últimas décadas, las investigaciones sobre los orígenes del movimiento obrero en Argentina han conocido un importante desarollo. Recientemente se ha producido una saludable renovación del interés por estudiar las corrientes políticas que intervinieron en el seno del movimiento obrero. Con la intención de contribuir a esos enfoques, este trabajo analiza el proceso de formación de los agrupamientos socialistas en nuestro país, un proceso en el cual los inmigrantes alemanes jugaron un papel fundamental. En un contexto de crisis económica y política sin recedentes, y en el marco de una agitación huelguística que alarmó a las clases dominantes, un grupo de militantes alemanes, muchos de los cuales tenían vínculos con el socialismo de su país, se comprometió en un trabajo de organización y divulgación del marxismo. Usando materiales de archivo en alemán y en español hasta ahora inexplorados, nos proponemos realizar algunas contribuciones a la historia del papel desempeñado por los militantes socialistas en el contexto de la crisis de 1890In recent decades, research on the origins of the labor movement in Argentina has known an important development. In the last years there has been a healthy resurgence of interest in analyzing the political currents that developed within the labor movement. Willing to contribute to this perspective, this paper discusses the formation of the first socialist groups in Buenos Aires, a process in which the German immigrants played a key role. In a context of economic and political turmoil, and among a wave of labor actions that alarmed the ruling classes, a group of German activists many of whom had ties with socialism in their home country contributed to the development, organization, and dissemination of Marxism. Using German and Spanish archival materials so far unexplored we intend to make some contributions to a history of the role played by socialist militants at the juncture of the crisis of 1890.Fil: Poy Piñeiro, Lucas Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gaido, Daniel Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas ; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales ; Universidad Nacional de Cordoba