Exploration-Exploitation Motivations: An Investigation of Biotechnology Firms’ Participation in Academic Consulting

We employ the exploration-exploitation framework to examine how firm-level motivations influence a biotechnology firm’s participation in consulting agreements with university scientists. This study presents hypotheses that explore whether biotechnology firms use consulting agreements as vehicles to explore new knowledge to develop their absorptive capacity and initiate a relationship with a scientist’s university or to exploit their entrepreneurial orientation or formal technology transfer experience. Assessing survey data collected from biotechnology firms, our analysis revealed significant and positive associations for exploration motives; however, the findings were mixed for exploitation motives. The discussion offers theoretical and managerial implications and future research areas

An Examination of Façades of Conformity as a Social Mobility Strategy

This study examines the façade of conformity construct as a social mobility strategy employed by minority employees to enhance their social identity in organizations.  Results from a survey of 102 African Americans employed in higher education indicate that demographic dissimilarity moderates the relationships between both perceived value of diversity and ethnic identity and facades of conformity.  The creation of facades of conformity is positively related to work stress, and work stress is negatively related to job satisfaction

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Relations Among Ethnicity, Gender, Beliefs, Attitudes, And Intention To Pursue A Career In Information Technology

Using data from 159 African Americans and 98 Anglo Americans, we examined relations among ethnicity, gender, information technology (IT) self-efficacy, occupational stereotypes, attitudes toward IT, and IT career intentions. Results revealed that IT self-efficacy and occupational stereotypes were related to attitudes toward IT jobs, and these attitudes were positively related to career intentions. In addition, there were ethnic and gender differences in IT self-efficacy and occupational stereotypes. In particular, African American men reported higher levels of IT self-efficacy, whereas Anglo American women reported lower levels of IT self-efficacy than did members of all other groups. Furthermore, Anglo Americans had more negative stereotypes of IT professionals than did African Americans. Implications for research and practice are discussed. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing, Inc

The Impact of College Experience on Future Job Seekers' Diversity Readiness

Abstract Many organizations value workplace diversity and devote large expenditures to achieve this. As a college student entering the workplace, being diversity ready represents an asset to organizations. This study considers the impact of college on students' diversity attitudes and their diversity readiness in preparation for encountering a diverse workforce. Therefore, we examine whether level of diversity exposure relates to diversity attitudes in incoming students, and whether time in college, one's minority status, or one's major might affect their diversity attitudes. We also examine the relationship between diversity attitudes and diversity behavioral intent for students who are about to enter the workforce given that being diversity ready may be seen as an asset to organizations. Results suggest that one's level of exposure, time in college, and major predict diversity attitudes to a limited extent. However, minority status strongly predicts one's diversity attitudes and diversity attitudes also strongly predict diversity behavioral intent

Methodological Problems Associated With Research On Unfair Discrimination Against Racial Minorities

Despite the passage of civil rights legislation, racial and ethnic minorities continue to experience unfair discrimination in the workplace. Therefore, considerable research in human resource management and social psychology has examined the factors thought to affect unfair discrimination in organizations [Cox, T. (1993). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler]. Although research has focused on unfair discrimination, researchers have argued that the construct and external validity of the results have been adversely affected by methodological problems [e.g., Stone, E.F., Stone, D.L., & Dipboye, R.L. (1992). Stigmas in organizations: Race, handicaps, and physical unattractiveness. In Kelly, K. (Ed.). Issues, theory, and research in industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 385-457). Amsterdam: Elsevier]. Given this critique, the present paper (a) examines the degree to which recent research suffered from a number of methodological problems (e.g., obtrusive measures, non-representative samples, and demand characteristics), (b) identifies strategies for overcoming these problems, and (c) offers recommendations for advancing our understanding of unfair discrimination in organizational contexts. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney

Abstract There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measure dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states. We establish a spatially-anchored epigenomic atlas to define the kidney’s active, silent, and regulatory accessible chromatin regions across the genome. Using this atlas, we note distinct control of adaptive injury in different epithelial cell types. A proximal tubule cell transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 regulates the transition between health and injury, while in thick ascending limb cells this transition is regulated by NR2F1. Further, combined perturbation of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 distinguishes two adaptive proximal tubular cell subtypes, one of which manifested a repair trajectory after knockout. This atlas will serve as a foundation to facilitate targeted cell-specific therapeutics by reprogramming gene regulatory networks