Interface Pinning and Finite-Size Effects in the 2D Ising Model

We apply new techniques developed in a previous paper to the study of some surface effects in the 2D Ising model. We examine in particular the pinning-depinning transition. The results are valid for all subcritical temperatures. By duality we obtained new finite size effects on the asymptotic behaviour of the two-point correlation function above the critical temperature. The key-point of the analysis is to obtain good concentration properties of the measure defined on the random lines giving the high-temperature representation of the two-point correlation function, as a consequence of the sharp triangle inequality: let tau(x) be the surface tension of an interface perpendicular to x; then for any x,y tau(x)+tau(y)-tau(x+y) >= 1/kappa(||x||+||y||-||x+y||), where kappa is the maximum curvature of the Wulff shape and ||x|| the Euclidean norm of x.Comment: 34 pages, Late

Hexagons become second if symmetry is broken

Pattern formation on the free surface of a magnetic fluid subjected to a magnetic field is investigated experimentally. By tilting the magnetic field the symmetry can be broken in a controllable manner. When increasing the amplitude of the tilted field, the flat surface gives way to liquid ridges. A further increase results in a hysteretic transition to a pattern of stretched hexagons. The instabilities are detected by means of a linear array of magnetic hall sensors and compared with theoretical predictions.Comment: accepted for publication by Physical Review E/Rapid Communicatio

Absence of self-averaging in the complex admittance for transport through random media

A random walk model in a one dimensional disordered medium with an oscillatory input current is presented as a generic model of boundary perturbation methods to investigate properties of a transport process in a disordered medium. It is rigorously shown that an admittance which is equal to the Fourier-Laplace transform of the first-passage time distribution is non-self-averaging when the disorder is strong. The low frequency behavior of the disorder-averaged admittance, $-1 \sim \omega^{\mu}$ where $\mu < 1$, does not coincide with the low frequency behavior of the admittance for any sample, $\chi - 1 \sim \omega$. It implies that the Cole-Cole plot of $$ appears at a different position from the Cole-Cole plots of $\chi$ of any sample. These results are confirmed by Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, published in Phys. Rev.

Very High Speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Motors: Analytical Modeling, Optimization, Design and Torque Measurement Methods

This paper presents a very-high-speed (VHS) slotless permanent-magnet motor design procedure using an analytical model. The model is used to design the optimal prototype (target: 200 kr/min, 2 kW). The multiphysics analytical model allows a quick optimization process. The presented model includes the magnetic fields, the mechanical stresses in the rotor, the electromagnetic power losses, the windage power losses, and the power losses in the bearings. VHS machines need a new torque measurement method. This paper presents the developed method. It also presents a ball bearing friction torque measurement method designed particularly for VHS machines. Remarkably, the method allowed us to design a prototype which operates beyond the target of speed and power. The results given by the model are compared with the measurements of the prototype

Probabilistic Reconstruction in Compressed Sensing: Algorithms, Phase Diagrams, and Threshold Achieving Matrices

Compressed sensing is a signal processing method that acquires data directly in a compressed form. This allows one to make less measurements than what was considered necessary to record a signal, enabling faster or more precise measurement protocols in a wide range of applications. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we have recently proposed in [arXiv:1109.4424] a strategy that allows compressed sensing to be performed at acquisition rates approaching to the theoretical optimal limits. In this paper, we give a more thorough presentation of our approach, and introduce many new results. We present the probabilistic approach to reconstruction and discuss its optimality and robustness. We detail the derivation of the message passing algorithm for reconstruction and expectation max- imization learning of signal-model parameters. We further develop the asymptotic analysis of the corresponding phase diagrams with and without measurement noise, for different distribution of signals, and discuss the best possible reconstruction performances regardless of the algorithm. We also present new efficient seeding matrices, test them on synthetic data and analyze their performance asymptotically.Comment: 42 pages, 37 figures, 3 appendixe

Rigorous Probabilistic Analysis of Equilibrium Crystal Shapes

The rigorous microscopic theory of equilibrium crystal shapes has made enormous progress during the last decade. We review here the main results which have been obtained, both in two and higher dimensions. In particular, we describe how the phenomenological Wulff and Winterbottom constructions can be derived from the microscopic description provided by the equilibrium statistical mechanics of lattice gases. We focus on the main conceptual issues and describe the central ideas of the existing approaches.Comment: To appear in the March 2000 special issue of Journal of Mathematical Physics on Probabilistic Methods in Statistical Physic

Polarization instabilities in a two-photon laser

We describe the operating characteristics of a new type of quantum oscillator that is based on a two-photon stimulated emission process. This two-photon laser consists of spin-polarized and laser-driven $^{39}$K atoms placed in a high-finesse transverse-mode-degenerate optical resonator, and produces a beam with a power of $\sim$0.2 $\mu$W at a wavelength of 770 nm. We observe complex dynamical instabilities of the state of polarization of the two-photon laser, which are made possible by the atomic Zeeman degeneracy. We conjecture that the laser could emit polarization-entangled twin beams if this degeneracy is lifted.Comment: Accepted by Physical Review Letters. REVTeX 4 pages, 4 EPS figure

Giant coronary aneurysms producing chest pain.

Coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) are defined as localized coronary artery dilations more than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments [1]. Giant coronary aneurysms (GCAA) are unusual and aneurysms on the left side are even rarer. Mechanisms are unclear, but seem predominated by atherosclerosis. Until now, management of giant coronary aneurysm is still unclear. A 62-year-old man, presented a 4-month history of progressive chest pain aggravated by physical CAAs: 3 on the right coronary artery (RCA), including a giant one, and one on the intermediate branch. Intraoperatively, we found two proximal RCA CAAs of 2 cm each, a 6 cm distal RCA CAA partially thrombosed, and a 3 cm CAA on the intermediate branch. The two largest CAAs were resected and two saphenous graft bypasses were performed. Treatment options include medical treatment (antiaggregation, anticoagulation), percutaneous coronary angioplasty and surgery. Results of observational or conservative management in the few cases of GCAA described in literature, appear to have poor results. Surgery is a good option with low operative risk, especially in giant coronary aneurysms