Initial development of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick seedlings grown in containers

Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (butiazeiro) é uma palmeira nativa do sul do Brasil, com grande demanda para usos ornamental e agroindustrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de butiazeiro, em recipientes com diferentes composições de substratos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação sem controle de temperatura e umidade. Foram utilizadas mudas com 60 dias após a germinação, e avaliados os substratos, em cinco proporções, dos componentes casca de arroz carbonizada e casca de pinus. Em etapa posterior, monitorou-se o efeito do pH do substrato no desenvolvimento das mudas mantidas nos mesmos recipientes e tratamentos. Para tanto, as plantas foram distribuídas em igual número e representação dos tratamentos, em quatro grupos, com quatro níveis de pH do substrato (4,0; 4,9; 5,8 e 6,7). Noventa dias após o início da primeira etapa, e 161 dias após o início da segunda, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento das plantas, a condutividade elétrica e o pH dos substratos. Na primeira etapa, constatou-se diferença entre os tratamentos somente para altura das plantas e pH do substrato, ambas relacionadas diretamente com a proporção de casca de pinus na formulação. Na segunda etapa, a composição do substrato foi determinante para o maior desenvolvimento das mudas. Somente o número de folhas não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Contudo, para todas as variáveis, a presença de casca de pinus, mesmo em baixa proporção, foi suficiente para favorecer o desenvolvimento vegetativo.Butia odorata(Barb.Rodr.) Noblick(pindo palm) is a palm tree native from southern Brazil, with a great demand for ornamental and agroindustry use. The objective of this study was to test the initial development of pindo palm seedlings in different substrate compositions inside containers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse without temperature or humidity control. It was used seedlings at 60th day after germination, and substrates were tested in five proportions of carbonized rice husks and pine bark. After that, the effect of pH of the substrates was monitored on the growth of plants maintained in the same containers and treatments. Plants were distributed in equal number and representation of treatments in four groups with four levels of pH in the substrate (4.0; 4.9; 5.8 and 6.7). Ninety days after the beginning of the first stage and 161 days after the beginning of the second, the plants growth and the electrical conductivity and pH of the substrates were measured. Diference among treatments was found in the first state only for plant height and pH of the substrate, both directly related to the proportion of pine bark. On the second stage, substrate composition was decisive for the larger development of the seedlings. Only the number of leaves was not significantly different among treatments. However, for all variables, the presence of pine bark, even at low proportion was sufficient to promote vegetative growth

Conservation of diaspore from Schlechtendalia luzulifoliaLess. (Asteraceae)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a emergência de plântulas de Schlechtendalia luzulifoliaem duas fases de maturação e conservação de diásporos em câmera seca e fria. Foram utilizados diásporos de duas populações, Porto Alegre e Tapes. Cipselas do acesso Porto Alegre foram coletadas em dois estádios de maturação: cipselas presas (CP) e cipselas já abscisadas (CS), enquanto que para o acesso Tapes a coleta ocorreu na fase de CS. Foram realizados testes de viabilidade com sal de tetrazólio e semeadura em diferentes regimes térmicos, além de armazenamento em ambientes distintos (câmera fria e seca). Independente do estádio de maturação, os diásporos apresentaram viabilidade entre 61 e 77% através do teste sal de tetrazólio. A coleta das cipselasrecém-abscisadas permitiu maior emergência de plântulas. O maior percentual de emergência, bem como o menor tempo médio de emergência, ocorreu em temperatura constante de 20 ºC. Para a conservação dos diásporos, o ambiente de câmara seca (17 ºC e 45% de umidade relativa do ar) foi mais apropriado.This study aimed to analyze the emergence of Schlechtendalia luzulifoliain two stages of maturation and conservation of seeds in dry and cold chamber. Diaspores were collected from two populations, in Porto Alegre and Tapes municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Cypselae of Porto Alegre access were collected in two stages of maturation: cypselae attached (CA) and abscised cypselae (AC), while cypselae from Tapes were collected in CA stage. Tests of viability with tetrazolium salt were done, aswell as germination in different thermic regimes and storage in different environments (camera cold and dry). Regardless of the maturity, the diaspores presented viability around 61 to 77 %. The harvest of AC allowed greater seedling emergence. The highest percentage of emergency and the lowest mean time to emergence occurred at constant temperature of 20 °C. For the preservation of the seeds, the dry chamber environment (17 °C and 45 % of relative humidity) was more appropriate

Genetic Variants Associated With Cancer Therapy-Induced Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) is associated with cumulative drug exposures and preexisting cardiovascular disorders. These parameters incompletely account for substantial interindividual susceptibility to CCM. We hypothesized that rare variants in cardiomyopathy genes contribute to CCM. METHODS: We studied 213 patients with CCM from 3 cohorts: retrospectively recruited adults with diverse cancers (n=99), prospectively phenotyped adults with breast cancer (n=73), and prospectively phenotyped children with acute myeloid leukemia (n=41). Cardiomyopathy genes, including 9 prespecified genes, were sequenced. The prevalence of rare variants was compared between CCM cohorts and The Cancer Genome Atlas participants (n=2053), healthy volunteers (n=445), and an ancestry-matched reference population. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were assessed and stratified by genotypes. A prevalent CCM genotype was modeled in anthracycline-treated mice. RESULTS: CCM was diagnosed 0.4 to 9 years after chemotherapy; 90% of these patients received anthracyclines. Adult patients with CCM had cardiovascular risk factors similar to the US population. Among 9 prioritized genes, patients with CCM had more rare protein-altering variants than comparative cohorts ( P≤1.98e-04). Titin-truncating variants (TTNtvs) predominated, occurring in 7.5% of patients with CCM versus 1.1% of The Cancer Genome Atlas participants ( P=7.36e-08), 0.7% of healthy volunteers ( P=3.42e-06), and 0.6% of the reference population ( P=5.87e-14). Adult patients who had CCM with TTNtvs experienced more heart failure and atrial fibrillation ( P=0.003) and impaired myocardial recovery ( P=0.03) than those without. Consistent with human data, anthracycline-treated TTNtv mice and isolated TTNtv cardiomyocytes showed sustained contractile dysfunction unlike wild-type ( P=0.0004 and P<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Unrecognized rare variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes, particularly TTNtvs, increased the risk for CCM in children and adults, and adverse cardiac events in adults. Genotype, along with cumulative chemotherapy dosage and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, improves the identification of patients who have cancer at highest risk for CCM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifiers: NCT01173341; AAML1031; NCT01371981.This work was supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI15/01551, PI17/01941 and CB16/11/00432 to P.G-P. and L.A-P.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2015-71863-REDT to P.G-P.), the John S. LaDue Memorial Fellowship at Harvard Medical School (Y.K.), Wellcome Trust (107469/Z/15/Z to J.S.W.), Medical Research Council (intramural awards to S.A.C. and J.S.W; MR/M003191/1 to U.T), National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College London (P.J.B., S.A.C., J.S.W.), National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London Healthcare National Health Service Trust and Imperial College London (D.O.R., S.A.C., S.P., J.S.W.), Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (C.N.T.), Rosetrees and Stoneygate Imperial College Research Fellowship (N.W.), Fondation Leducq (S.A.C., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Health Innovation Challenge Fund award from the Wellcome Trust and Department of Health (UK; HICF-R6-373; S.A.C., P.J.B., J.S. W.), the British Heart Foundation (NH/17/1/32725 to D.O.R.; SP/10/10/28431 to S.A.C), Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation (K.G.), National Institutes of Health (R.A.: U01CA097452, R01CA133881, and U01CA097452; Z.A.: R01 HL126797; B.K.: R01 HL118018 and K23-HL095661; J.G.S. and C.E.S.: 5R01HL080494, R01HL084553), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (C.E.S.). The Universitario Puerta de Hierro and Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospitals are members of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Diseases of the Heart (Guard-Heart; http://guard-heart.ern-net.eu). This publication includes independent research commissioned by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (HICF), a parallel funding partnership between the Department of Health and Wellcome Trust. The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). Grants from ISCIII and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness are supported by the Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016 – European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way of making Europe”.S

Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease

Birth weight (BW) has been shown to be influenced by both fetal and maternal factors and in observational studies is reproducibly associated with future risk of adult metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. These life-course associations have often been attributed to the impact of an adverse early life environment. Here, we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of BW in 153,781 individuals, identifying 60 loci where fetal genotype was associated with BW ($\textit{P}$  < 5 × 10$^{-8}$). Overall, approximately 15% of variance in BW was captured by assays of fetal genetic variation. Using genetic association alone, we found strong inverse genetic correlations between BW and systolic blood pressure ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.22, $\textit{P}$  = 5.5 × 10$^{-13}$), T2D ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.27, $\textit{P}$  = 1.1 × 10$^{-6}$) and coronary artery disease ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.30, $\textit{P}$  = 6.5 × 10$^{-9}$). In addition, using large -cohort datasets, we demonstrated that genetic factors were the major contributor to the negative covariance between BW and future cardiometabolic risk. Pathway analyses indicated that the protein products of genes within BW-associated regions were enriched for diverse processes including insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, glycogen biosynthesis and chromatin remodelling. There was also enrichment of associations with BW in known imprinted regions ($\textit{P}$ = 1.9 × 10$^{-4}$). We demonstrate that life-course associations between early growth phenotypes and adult cardiometabolic disease are in part the result of shared genetic effects and identify some of the pathways through which these causal genetic effects are mediated.For a full list of the funders pelase visit the publisher's website and look at the supplemetary material provided. Some of the funders are: British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, National Institutes of Health, Royal Society and Wellcome Trust

Casearia sylvestris : qualitative analysis of essential oil-quantitava, fungicidal your action in vitro study on and on phytopathogen rhizogenesis

A Casearia sylvestris, conhecida popularmente como erva-de-bugre, cafezinho-do-mato ou guaçatonga tem distribuição em todo território brasileiro. As folhas, a casca e a raiz possuem ação antisséptica e febrífuga, além da ação cicatrizante. A espécie apresenta óleo essencial que vem sendo vastamente utilizado na farmacologia. Estudos com C. sylvestris vem demonstrando que a mesma apresenta potencial para o controle de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver estudos a respeito do efeito da sazonalidade sobre o rendimento e composição do óleo essencial desta espécie e acerca da possível ação antifúngica. Além disso, foram analisadas as características morfoanatômicas da formação de suas raízes na propagação por estacas semilenhosas. Para a realização do primeiro experimento, folhas de três populações de Casearia sylvestris, naturais do Rio Grande do Sul foram coletadas para obtenção do rendimento e composição química de seu óleo essencial nas quatro estações do ano. No segundo experimento foram realizados testes de inibição de crescimento de Botrytis sp, Altenaria alternata, Alternaria radicinia e Alternaria brassicicola com uso do extrato aquoso e óleo essencial. As concentrações utilizadas de extrato aquoso foram de 80 e 100%, enquanto as de óleo essencial foram de 0%; 1,5% e 2,5%. O terceiro experimento envolveu a analise anatômica do enraizamento de estacas de C. sylvestris. Depois de instalado o experimento, as estacas foram avaliadas a cada 15 dias, quando 3 estacas eram retiradas para a realização de cortes histológicos para a analise da origem das mesmas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção sazonal do óleo essencial de C. sylvestris sofre alteração em função da estação de coleta, sendo o seu maior rendimento na primavera e no verão. O extrato aquoso da espécie não é capaz de inibir o crescimento micelial de Botritys, A. alternata, A. radicinia e A. brassicicolain vitro nas concentrações de 80 e 100%. Já o óleo essencial mostrou-se significativamente eficiente na inibição do crescimento micelial in vitro na concentração de 2,5% para os mesmos patógenos. No que se refere às caracterisitcas morfo-anatômicas da formação das raízes adventícias de C. sylvestris, observou-se que estas são formadas tanto por células do calo quanto por células do câmbio.The Casearia sylvestris, popularly known as wort-buggy, coffee of the woods or guaçatonga has great distribution throughout Brazil. The leaves, bark and roots have antiseptic and febrifuge action, beyond presents healing action. The species presents essential oil that has been widely used in pharmacology. Studies with C. sylvestris has demonstrated that it has potential to control various pathogens. The objective of this work was to develop studies about the effect of season on the yield and essential oil composition of this specie, although the possible antifungal action. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the morpho-anatomical characteristics involved in roots formation in assexual propagation by softwood cuttings. To perform the first experiment, leaves of three populations of C. sylvestris, natural of Rio Grande do Sul were collected to obtain the yield and composition of essential oil in the four seasons. In the second experiment growth inhibition tests were performed using Botrytis spp., Altenaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicolaandAlternaria radicinia with the use of the aqueous extract and essential oil. The aqueous extract concentrations used were 80 and 100%, while the essential oil were 0%,1.5% and 2.5%. The third experiment involved the analysis of anatomical rooting of C. sylvestris. After installing the experiment, cuttings were evaluated every 15 days, when 3 cuttings were taken for performing histological sections to analyze the origin of the same. The results obtained indicates that the seasonal production of essential oil of C. sylvestris suffer alteration due to collection station. The higher yield is in spring and summer. The aqueous extract of the species is not able to inhibit the mycelial growth of Botritys, A. alternata, A. brassicicola and A. radicinia in vitro at concentrations of 80 and 100 %. The essential oil was significantly effect in inhibiting the mycelial growth in vitro at a concentration of 2.5% for the same pathogens. About morphological and anatomical characteristcs by formation of adventitious roots of C. sylvestris, it was observed that these are formed both by callus cells as by cells of the vascular cambium

Casearia sylvestris : qualitative analysis of essential oil-quantitava, fungicidal your action in vitro study on and on phytopathogen rhizogenesis

A Casearia sylvestris, conhecida popularmente como erva-de-bugre, cafezinho-do-mato ou guaçatonga tem distribuição em todo território brasileiro. As folhas, a casca e a raiz possuem ação antisséptica e febrífuga, além da ação cicatrizante. A espécie apresenta óleo essencial que vem sendo vastamente utilizado na farmacologia. Estudos com C. sylvestris vem demonstrando que a mesma apresenta potencial para o controle de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver estudos a respeito do efeito da sazonalidade sobre o rendimento e composição do óleo essencial desta espécie e acerca da possível ação antifúngica. Além disso, foram analisadas as características morfoanatômicas da formação de suas raízes na propagação por estacas semilenhosas. Para a realização do primeiro experimento, folhas de três populações de Casearia sylvestris, naturais do Rio Grande do Sul foram coletadas para obtenção do rendimento e composição química de seu óleo essencial nas quatro estações do ano. No segundo experimento foram realizados testes de inibição de crescimento de Botrytis sp, Altenaria alternata, Alternaria radicinia e Alternaria brassicicola com uso do extrato aquoso e óleo essencial. As concentrações utilizadas de extrato aquoso foram de 80 e 100%, enquanto as de óleo essencial foram de 0%; 1,5% e 2,5%. O terceiro experimento envolveu a analise anatômica do enraizamento de estacas de C. sylvestris. Depois de instalado o experimento, as estacas foram avaliadas a cada 15 dias, quando 3 estacas eram retiradas para a realização de cortes histológicos para a analise da origem das mesmas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção sazonal do óleo essencial de C. sylvestris sofre alteração em função da estação de coleta, sendo o seu maior rendimento na primavera e no verão. O extrato aquoso da espécie não é capaz de inibir o crescimento micelial de Botritys, A. alternata, A. radicinia e A. brassicicolain vitro nas concentrações de 80 e 100%. Já o óleo essencial mostrou-se significativamente eficiente na inibição do crescimento micelial in vitro na concentração de 2,5% para os mesmos patógenos. No que se refere às caracterisitcas morfo-anatômicas da formação das raízes adventícias de C. sylvestris, observou-se que estas são formadas tanto por células do calo quanto por células do câmbio.The Casearia sylvestris, popularly known as wort-buggy, coffee of the woods or guaçatonga has great distribution throughout Brazil. The leaves, bark and roots have antiseptic and febrifuge action, beyond presents healing action. The species presents essential oil that has been widely used in pharmacology. Studies with C. sylvestris has demonstrated that it has potential to control various pathogens. The objective of this work was to develop studies about the effect of season on the yield and essential oil composition of this specie, although the possible antifungal action. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the morpho-anatomical characteristics involved in roots formation in assexual propagation by softwood cuttings. To perform the first experiment, leaves of three populations of C. sylvestris, natural of Rio Grande do Sul were collected to obtain the yield and composition of essential oil in the four seasons. In the second experiment growth inhibition tests were performed using Botrytis spp., Altenaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicolaandAlternaria radicinia with the use of the aqueous extract and essential oil. The aqueous extract concentrations used were 80 and 100%, while the essential oil were 0%,1.5% and 2.5%. The third experiment involved the analysis of anatomical rooting of C. sylvestris. After installing the experiment, cuttings were evaluated every 15 days, when 3 cuttings were taken for performing histological sections to analyze the origin of the same. The results obtained indicates that the seasonal production of essential oil of C. sylvestris suffer alteration due to collection station. The higher yield is in spring and summer. The aqueous extract of the species is not able to inhibit the mycelial growth of Botritys, A. alternata, A. brassicicola and A. radicinia in vitro at concentrations of 80 and 100 %. The essential oil was significantly effect in inhibiting the mycelial growth in vitro at a concentration of 2.5% for the same pathogens. About morphological and anatomical characteristcs by formation of adventitious roots of C. sylvestris, it was observed that these are formed both by callus cells as by cells of the vascular cambium

Initial development of Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick seedlings grown in containers

Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (butiazeiro) é uma palmeira nativa do sul do Brasil, com grande demanda para usos ornamental e agroindustrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de butiazeiro, em recipientes com diferentes composições de substratos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação sem controle de temperatura e umidade. Foram utilizadas mudas com 60 dias após a germinação, e avaliados os substratos, em cinco proporções, dos componentes casca de arroz carbonizada e casca de pinus. Em etapa posterior, monitorou-se o efeito do pH do substrato no desenvolvimento das mudas mantidas nos mesmos recipientes e tratamentos. Para tanto, as plantas foram distribuídas em igual número e representação dos tratamentos, em quatro grupos, com quatro níveis de pH do substrato (4,0; 4,9; 5,8 e 6,7). Noventa dias após o início da primeira etapa, e 161 dias após o início da segunda, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento das plantas, a condutividade elétrica e o pH dos substratos. Na primeira etapa, constatou-se diferença entre os tratamentos somente para altura das plantas e pH do substrato, ambas relacionadas diretamente com a proporção de casca de pinus na formulação. Na segunda etapa, a composição do substrato foi determinante para o maior desenvolvimento das mudas. Somente o número de folhas não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Contudo, para todas as variáveis, a presença de casca de pinus, mesmo em baixa proporção, foi suficiente para favorecer o desenvolvimento vegetativo.Butia odorata(Barb.Rodr.) Noblick(pindo palm) is a palm tree native from southern Brazil, with a great demand for ornamental and agroindustry use. The objective of this study was to test the initial development of pindo palm seedlings in different substrate compositions inside containers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse without temperature or humidity control. It was used seedlings at 60th day after germination, and substrates were tested in five proportions of carbonized rice husks and pine bark. After that, the effect of pH of the substrates was monitored on the growth of plants maintained in the same containers and treatments. Plants were distributed in equal number and representation of treatments in four groups with four levels of pH in the substrate (4.0; 4.9; 5.8 and 6.7). Ninety days after the beginning of the first stage and 161 days after the beginning of the second, the plants growth and the electrical conductivity and pH of the substrates were measured. Diference among treatments was found in the first state only for plant height and pH of the substrate, both directly related to the proportion of pine bark. On the second stage, substrate composition was decisive for the larger development of the seedlings. Only the number of leaves was not significantly different among treatments. However, for all variables, the presence of pine bark, even at low proportion was sufficient to promote vegetative growth

Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick cultivadas em recipientes

Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (butiazeiro) é uma palmeira nativa do sul do Brasil, com grande demanda para usos ornamental e agroindustrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de butiazeiro, em recipientes com diferentes composições de substratos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação sem controle de temperatura e umidade. Foram utilizadas mudas com 60 dias após a germinação, e avaliados os substratos, em cinco proporções, dos componentes casca de arroz carbonizada e casca de pinus. Em etapa posterior, monitorou-se o efeito do pH do substrato no desenvolvimento das mudas mantidas nos mesmos recipientes e tratamentos. Para tanto, as plantas foram distribuídas em igual número e representação dos tratamentos, em quatro grupos, com quatro níveis de pH do substrato (4,0; 4,9; 5,8 e 6,7). Noventa dias após o início da primeira etapa, e 161 dias após o início da segunda, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento das plantas, a condutividade elétrica e o pH dos substratos. Na primeira etapa, constatou-se diferença entre os tratamentos somente para altura das plantas e pH do substrato, ambas relacionadas diretamente com a proporção de casca de pinus na formulação. Na segunda etapa, a composição do substrato foi determinante para o maior desenvolvimento das mudas. Somente o número de folhas não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Contudo, para todas as variáveis, a presença de casca de pinus, mesmo em baixa proporção, foi suficiente para favorecer o desenvolvimento vegetativo