Barriers and Contradictions in the Resettlement of Single Homeless People

Research in one local authority area suggests that a number of social policy difficulties and contradictions need to be resolved if single homeless people are to be resettled effectively. In particular, there are competing pressures on social housing providers, who are expected to meet the needs of socially excluded individuals while also creating sustainable communities and operating in a cost efficient manner. The government needs to clarify that meeting housing need is a priority for social landlords, and provide adequate funding for long-term support, if single homeless people are to find appropriate permanent accommodation

Lifetime Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations and Fall Occurrence in Community-dwelling Older Adults: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Falling is a major health concern for community-dwelling older adults. Regular physical activity has been proposed to prevent falls. The aim of this study was to assess whether the achievement of the 2004 UK Department of Health physical activity recommendations over a lifetime had a protective effect against falling in older people. 313 community-dwelling older adults completed a questionnaire about lifetime physical activity and fall occurrence. There were significantly fewer falls in those who had led an active lifestyle compared to those who had not (χ2Yates=4.568, p=0.033), with a lower relative risk of fall occurrence for the active respondents (RR=0.671) compared to the inactive (RR=1.210). Of those who were sufficiently active in their early adulthood, the decade where there was the biggest decrease in remaining active enough was in the 60s. It is concluded that an active lifestyle may have decreased the likelihood of having a fall in older ag

Which type of instruction fosters chunk learning? Preliminary conclusions

[EN] Formulaic language learning has been shown to be problematic and slow in adult L2 learners. In this study, we test some of the recommendations of a lexical approach. We compare the results of the implementation of chunk attention-directing techniques and explicit exercises of previously selected chunks in 52 Spanish as a second language learners over a period of seven weeks. In light of the results obtained, we can conclude that (1) exposure to lexical chunks, chunk noticing in the input and explicit exercises contribute to the development of abilities in the active recognition of chunks, and (2) learning gains obtained through explicit exercises are significantly greater than those obtained through attention-directing techniques.Pérez Serrano, M. (2018). Which type of instruction fosters chunk learning? Preliminary conclusions. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 13:133-143. doi:10.4995/rlyla.2018.7886SWORD13314313Alba-Qui-ones, V. (2014). 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Las colocaciones en el aula de ELE. Madrid: Arco Libros.Higueras, M. (2011). "Lexical collocations and the learning of Spanish as a foreign language". In J.L. Cifuentes Honrubia and S. Rodríguez Rosique (eds.). Spanish Word Formation and Lexical Creation, pp. 439-464. Amsterdam/Filadelfia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.1.18garHulstijn, J. H., Laufer, B. (2001). "Some Empirical Evidence for the Involvement Load Hypothesis in Vocabulary Acquisition". Language Learning, 51, 539–558. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00164Laufer, B. (1997). "The lexical plight in second language reading". In J. Coady and T. Huckin (eds.). Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy, pp. 20-34. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Laufer, B. (2010). "Form focused instruction in second language vocabulary learning". In R. Chacón-Beltrán, C. Abello-Contesse, M. M. Torreblanca-López and M. D. López- Jiménez (eds.). Further insights into non-native vocabulary teaching and learning, pp. 15-27. Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto: Multilingual Matters.Laufer, B., Girsai, N. (2008). "Form-focused instruction in second language vocabulary learning: A case for contrastive analysis and translation". Applied Linguistics, 29, 694–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amn018Laufer, N., Waldman, T. (2011). "Verb-Noun Collocations in Second Language Writing: A Corpus Analysis of Learners' English". Language Learning, 61/2, 647-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00621.xLewis, M. (1993). The Lexical Approach. London: Language Teaching Publications.Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the Lexical Approach. London: Language Teaching Publications.Lewis, M. (ed.). (2000). Teaching Collocation. Further Developments in the Lexical Approach. London: Language Teaching Publications.Li, J., Schmitt, N. (2010). "The development of collocation use in academic texts by advanced L2 learners: A multiple case study approach". In D. Wood (ed.). Perspectives on formulaic language: Acquisition and communication, pp. 22–46. Lindstromberg, S., Boers, F. (2008). Teaching Chunks of Language. From Noticing to Remembering. Helbling Languages.Meunier, F., Granger, S. (eds.). (2008). Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.138Nation, P., Webb, S. (2011). Researching and analyzing vocabulary. Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning.Nekrasova, T. (2009). "English L1 and L2 speakers' knowledge of lexical bundles". Language Learning, 59, 647–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00520.xNesselhauf, N. (2003). "The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some implications for teaching". Applied Linguistics, 24, 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.2.223Nesselhauf, N. (2005). Collocations in a Learner Corpus. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.14Pellicer-Sánchez, A. (2015). 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Righteous Among the Nations: Honoring Spiritual Resistance in a Time of Pandemics

Telling the stories of people who risked their lives to save victims of the Holocaust through music is the focus of a project called The Garden of the Righteous. This project was introduced in a recent article in the Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies, called “Righteous Among the Nations: Music Without Borders” (Eisner et al., 2019). This piece provides an update on the evolution of the project during a time of pandemics

Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in primary care: follow-up of the CoBalT randomised controlled trial

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for people whose depression has not responded to antidepressants. However, the long-term outcome is unknown. In a long-term follow-up of the CoBalT trial, we examined the clinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to usual care that included medication over 3–5 years in primary care patients with treatment-resistant depression. Methods: CoBalT was a randomised controlled trial done across 73 general practices in three UK centres. CoBalT recruited patients aged 18–75 years who had adhered to antidepressants for at least 6 weeks and had substantial depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II] score ≥14 and met ICD-10 depression criteria). Participants were randomly assigned using a computer generated code, to receive either usual care or CBT in addition to usual care. Patients eligible for the long-term follow-up were those who had not withdrawn by the 12 month follow-up and had given their consent to being re-contacted. Those willing to participate were asked to return the postal questionnaire to the research team. One postal reminder was sent and non-responders were contacted by telephone to complete a brief questionnaire. Data were also collected from general practitioner notes. Follow-up took place at a variable interval after randomisation (3–5 years). The primary outcome was self-report of depressive symptoms assessed by BDI-II score (range 0–63), analysed by intention to treat. Cost-utility analysis compared health and social care costs with quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). This study is registered with isrctn.com, number ISRCTN38231611. Findings: Between Nov 4, 2008, and Sept 30, 2010, 469 eligible participants were randomised into the CoBalT study. Of these, 248 individuals completed a long-term follow-up questionnaire and provided data for the primary outcome (136 in the intervention group vs 112 in the usual care group). At follow-up (median 45·5 months [IQR 42·5–51·1]), the intervention group had a mean BDI-II score of 19·2 (SD 13·8) compared with a mean BDI-II score of 23·4 (SD 13·2) for the usual care group (repeated measures analysis over the 46 months: difference in means −4·7 [95% CI −6·4 to −3·0, p<0·001]). Follow-up was, on average, 40 months after therapy ended. The average annual cost of trial CBT per participant was £343 (SD 129). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £5374 per QALY gain. This represented a 92% probability of being cost effective at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence QALY threshold of £20 000. Interpretation: CBT as an adjunct to usual care that includes antidepressants is clinically effective and cost effective over the long-term for individuals whose depression has not responded to pharmacotherapy. In view of this robust evidence of long-term effectiveness and the fact that the intervention represented good value-for-money, clinicians should discuss referral for CBT with all those for whom antidepressants are not effective

Neo-Statecraft Theory, Historical Institutionalism and Institutional Change

This article provides a critical examination of the contribution that statecraft theory, which has been subject to recent revision and development, makes to the literature on institutional change. It articulates an emergent neo-statecraft approach that offers an agent-led form of historical institutionalism. This overcomes the common criticism that historical institutionalists underplay the creative role of actors. The article also argues that the approach brings back into focus the imperatives of electoral politics as a source of institutional change and provides a macro theory of change which is also commonly missing from historical institutionalist work. It can therefore identify previously unnoticed sources of stability and change, especially in states with strong executives and top-down political cultures

There was movement that was stationary, for the four-velocity had passed around

Is the Doppler interpretation of galaxy redshifts in a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model valid in the context of the approach to comoving spatial sections pioneered by de Sitter, Friedmann, Lemaitre and Robertson, i.e. according to which the 3-manifold of comoving space is characterised by both its curvature and topology? Holonomy transformations for flat, spherical and hyperbolic FLRW spatial sections are proposed. By quotienting a simply-connected FLRW spatial section by an appropriate group of holonomy transformations, the Doppler interpretation in a non-expanding Minkowski space-time, obtained via four-velocity parallel transport along a photon path, is found to imply that an inertial observer is receding from herself at a speed greater than zero, implying contradictory world-lines. The contradiction in the multiply-connected case occurs for arbitrary redshifts in the flat and spherical cases, and for certain large redshifts in the hyperbolic case. The link between the Doppler interpretation of redshifts and cosmic topology can be understood physically as the link between parallel transport along a photon path and the fact that the comoving spatial geodesic corresponding to a photon's path can be a closed loop in an FLRW model of any curvature. Closed comoving spatial loops are fundamental to cosmic topology.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures; v2: missing dot added to Defn 1, minor corrections; submitted to MNRA

Valuing the ICECAP capability index for older people

This paper reports the first application of the capabilities approach to the development and valuation of an instrument for use in the economic evaluation of health and social care interventions. The ICECAP index of capability for older people focuses on quality of life rather than health or other influences on quality of life, and is intended to be used in decision making across health and social care in the UK. The measure draws on previous qualitative work in which five conceptual attributes were developed: attachment, security, role, enjoyment and control. This paper details the innovative use within health economics of further iterative qualitative work in the UK among 19 informants to refine lay terminology for each of the attributes and levels of attributes used in the eventual index. For the first time within quality of life measurement for economic evaluation, a best-worst scaling exercise has been used to estimate general population values (albeit for the population of those aged 65+ years) for the levels of attributes, with values anchored at one for full capability and zero for no capability. Death was assumed to be a state in which there is no capability. The values obtained indicate that attachment is the attribute with greatest impact but all attributes contribute to the total estimation of capability. Values that were estimated are feasible for use in practical applications of the index to measure the impact of health and social care interventions. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved