Ocorrência de hemoparasitas em tartarugas-da-amazônia (Podocnemis expansa) e cágados-de-barbicha (Phrynops geoffroanus) oriundas da fundação zoológico de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2015.O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência da infecção por hemoparasitas em cágados, por meio da PCR. Utilizaram-se 99 cágados das espécies P. expansa e P. geoffroanus mantidas na Fundação Zoológico de Brasília. Foram usados dois conjuntos de oligonucleotídeos, sendo o HEMO1/HEMO2 utilizados para detecção de hemogregarinas e o HEPR/HEPF para detecção do gênero Hepatozoon sp. Foi detectada a presença de hemogregaina em 20 amostras estudadas (n=99), onde onze foram positivas para hemogegaina, cinco foram detectados Hepatozoon sp. e quatro foram positivas para ambos os oligonucleotídeos. Observaram-se alterações laboratoriais nos parâmetros de proteínas plasmáticas totais, trombócitos, proteínas séricas totais e globulinas nos animais positivos para hemogregarinas e apenas alterações nos trombócitos nos animais positivos para Hepatozoon sp. em ambas as espécies estudadas.The aim this study was determine the occurrence of infection by hemoparasites in freshwater turtles, through PCR. Samples of 99 freshwater turtles of species P. expansa and P. geoffroanus of Fundação Zoológico de Brasília. We used two sets of oligonucleotides, being the HEMO1 / HEMO2 used for detection of hemogregarines and HEPR / HEPF for detection of the genus Hepatozoon sp. The presence of hemogregarine was detected in 20 samples analyzed (n = 99), and eleven samples were positive for hemogregarine, five were Hepatozoon sp. and four were positive for both oligonucleotides. Laboratory abnormalities has been observed in the parameters of total plasma proteins, trombocytes, total serum proteins and globulin in animals positive for hemogregarines and only abnormalities in thrombocytes in positive animals Hepatozoon sp. in both species

Levantamento etnozoologico de vertebrados silvestres terrestres na comunidade do Vau da Boa Esperança, Barreiras, Oeste da Bahia

Basic scientific knowledge about much of the Cerrado's biodiversity is still very limited, with major information gaps such as the diversity of species present. Given the intense expansion of agribusiness in the West region of Bahia, much information on the region's biodiversity is being lost. Thus, ethnozoological studies become important as a way to collaborate in the rescue of these data. In this context, the present research sought to recover historical and current information about the wildlife of the Vau da Boa Esperança district, Barreiras, Bahia. The sample universe had 15 interviewees, all of them read and signed and informed consent form. During the interviews 52 different species of animals belonging to the class of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians were mentioned. The most cited animals during the interviews were birds and mammals, with 23 and 19 species, respectively. Also cited by the interviewees were species that are no longer seen in the region, and mammals are most cited, which corroborates with studies that point to mammals as the most suffering from environmental degradation. With the present work it was possible to detect a great variety of species of wild animals that inhabit or already inhabited the Vau da Boa Esperança region. Despite the need for further investigation and details of the information obtained by the interviewees, the results of the present study may support future faunal studies in the region.O conhecimento científico básico sobre grande parte da biodiversidade do Cerrado ainda é muito limitado, havendo grandes lacunas de informações fundamentais, como por exemplo a diversidade de espécie existente. Diante da intensa expansão do agronegócio na região Oeste da Bahia, muitas informações sobre a biodiversidade da região estão sendo perdidas. Assim, torna-se importante os estudos etnozoológicos como uma forma de colaborar no resgate destes dados. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa buscou resgatar informações históricas e atuais sobre a fauna silvestre do distrito do Vau da Boa Esperança, Barreiras, Bahia. O universo amostral contou com 15 entrevistados, todos eles leram e assinaram e termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Durante as entrevistas foram citadas 52 espécies de animais diferentes, pertencentes a classe dos mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios. Os animais mais citados durante as entrevistas foram as aves e os mamíferos, com 23 e 19 espécies, respectivamente. Também foram citados pelos entrevistados espécies que não são mais vistas na região, sendo os mamíferos mais citados, o que corrobora com estudos que aponta os mamíferos como sendo o que mais sofrem com a degradação do meio ambiente. Com o presente trabalho foi possível detectar uma grande variedade de espécies de animais silvestres que habitam ou já habitaram a região do Vau da Boa Esperança. Apesar de necessitar de mais investigações e detalhes sobre as informações obtidas pelos entrevistados, os resultados do presente estudo podem subsidiar futuros estudos faunísticos na região

Levantamento preliminar da avifauna da comunidade rural Vau da Boa Esperança, Barreiras, Bahia

The study aimed to carry out a preliminary survey of birds in the rural community, Vau da Boa Esperança, Barreiras, Brazil. Data were collected during the months of August to November 2018, with seasonal walks in linear transects and stops at fixed points of observation, totaling 70 sample hours. Sighted birds were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Endangered species have been classified according to the IUCN Red List and the Red List of Endangered Species in Brazil by the Ministry of the Environment. Eighty species from 34 families and 21 orders were identified. One endemic species from the Cerrado, Penelope ochrogaster, was observed and three species presented conservation status: Primolius maracana as almost threatened, and P. ochrogaster and Crypturellus noctivagus zabele as vulnerable. The results found demonstrate the need for a more detailed survey of avifauna in the region.O estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento preliminar da avifauna na comunidade rural, Vau da Boa Esperança, Barreiras, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2018, com caminhadas sazonais em transectos lineares e paradas em pontos fixos de observação, totalizando 70 horas amostrais. As aves avistadas foram identificadas até menor o nível taxonômico possível. As espécies ameaçadas de extinção foram classificadas de acordo com a Red List da IUCN e a Lista de Vermelha de espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Foram identificadas 80 espécies de 34 famílias e 21 ordens. Foi observada uma espécie endêmica do Cerrado, a Penelope ochrogaster, e três apresentando status de alerta para a conservação: Primolius maracana como quase ameaçada, e P. ochrogaster e Crypturellus noctivagus zabele como vulneráveis. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a necessidade de um levantamento mais detalhado da avifauna na região

TRATAMENTO DE FERIDA CUTÂNEA USANDO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Varronia curassavica JACQ EM Corallus hortulanus - RELATO DE CASO

The skin is the organ very important for the reptiles, because it has a direct contact with external environment, it becomes more susceptible to injuries. The Varronia curassavica Jacq. is an important medicinal plant from which it is possible to extract essential oil used in the production of herbal medicines. This case report describes the successful treatment of cutaneous wound not induced in Corallus hortulanus using essential oil of V. curassavica. A free-ranging wild specimen of C. hortulanus was received by Fazenda Vital Brazil. Clinical examination revealed a skin laceration in the dorsal region of the animal's head. As the Farm has phytotherapeutic production, the used of the essential oil of V. curassavica for the treatment of the animal's injury. The treatment was accomplished using the topical application of essential oil of V. curassavica at 0.5% concentration, for 21 days, once daily. For a better fixation, the oil was incorporated into a hydrophobic ointment. The lesion was inspected daily and the 15th day of treatment, it was possible to observe the presence of connective tissue, fibroblastic phase and extracellular matrix deposition at the extremities towards the center of the lesion. The results shows that the essential oil of V.curassavica contributed positively with the healing process of cutaneous wound in C. hortulanus.Keywords: herbal medicine; reptile clinic; phytotherapeutic; cutaneous wound; healingA pele é o órgão muito importante para os répteis, por ter contato direto com o ambiente externo, torna-se mais suscetível a lesões. O Varronia curassavica Jacq. é uma planta medicinal importante da qual é possível extrair o óleo essencial usado na produção de medicamentos fitoterápicos. Este relato de caso descreve o sucesso do tratamento de feridas cutâneas não induzidas em Corallus hortulanus usando óleo essencial de V. curassavica. Um espécime selvagem de C. hortulanus foi recebido pela Fazenda Vital Brazil. O exame clínico revelou laceração cutânea na região dorsal da cabeça do animal. Como a Fazenda possui produção fitoterápica, é utilizado o óleo essencial de V. curassavica para o tratamento da lesão do animal. O tratamento foi realizado com a aplicação tópica de óleo essencial de V. curassavica na concentração de 0,5%, por 21 dias, uma vez ao dia. Para uma melhor fixação, o óleo foi incorporado em uma pomada hidrofóbica. A lesão foi inspecionada diariamente e no 15º dia de tratamento, foi possível observar a presença de tecido conjuntivo, fase fibroblástica e deposição de matriz extracelular nas extremidades em direção ao centro da lesão. Os resultados mostram que o óleo essencial de V. curassavica contribuiu positivamente no processo de cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em C. hortulanus.Palavras-chave: fitoterapia, clínica de répteis, fitoterapêutico, ferida cutânea, cura

Occurrence of Hemogregarine in Two Species of Brazilian Freshwater Turtles

Background: Hemogregarines are the most common intraerythrocytic parasites found in reptiles. The genus Haemogregarina has aquatic vertebrates as intermediate hosts, and as definitive hosts the leeches. The genus Hepatozoon can be found parasitizing amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and its main vectors invertebrates are mosquitoes, tsetse flies, lice, fleas and mites. The diagnosis of these parasites is done by the technique of blood smear, but modern diagnoses include evaluation of blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  The aim this study was to determine the occurrence of infection by hemogregarine in freshwater turtles, through PCR.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples from 99 freshwater turtles of species P. expansa and P. geoffroanus of Fundação Zoológico de Brasília,Distrito Federal, Brazil, were used. The animals was captured using a hand net, and were immediately individually identified. The blood samples was collected by puncture of the occipital sinus, and placed into tubes containing sodium heparin anticoagulant for hematologic and molecular analysis. Two different sets of oligonucleotides were used, one to detect hemogregarines and other to detect Hepatozoon sp. infection. The presence of hemogregarine was detected in 20 samples analyzed (n = 99), these eleven samples were positive for hemogregarine, 5 were Hepatozoon sp. and 4  were positive for both oligonucleotides. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in the concentration of total plasma proteins, total serum proteins and globulin, and in the number of thrombocytesin animals positive for hemogregarines and only alterations in the number of thrombocytes were observed in Hepatozoon sp. positive animals of both species.Discussion: This study showed that there is a high occurrence of infection by hemogregarines in the freshwater turtles samples examinated. The remarkable difficulty of identifying morphological differences, combined with the development of universal oligonucleotides, make further assessments infections hematozoa to be performed using molecular tools and specially  sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene for hemogregarines.  Protein levels in animals depends on the management, diets and normal physiological variations of each species. Hypoproteinemia is commonly observed in reptiles with chronic malnutrition and gastrointestinal parasitism. Therefore it is suggested that the cause of this low level in the measurement of proteins could be directly linked to the presence of hemoparasites because with the infection more animals feeding unless the negative, causing malnutrition, or even the concomitant presence of gastrointestinal parasites, because the study did not evaluate this level of parasitism. Thrombocytes in reptiles participate in blood clotting and some studies have shown that they also have phagocytic capacity. Thrombocytopenia in reptiles is usually a result of excessive use or deficient production. Thus, thrombocytopenia observed in hemogregarines positive animals of this study may suggest that the presence of this group of parasites can cause thrombocytopenia that may be associated with a deficient production of thrombocytes or even greater consumption of these blood cells. The increase of thrombocytes observed in animals positive for Hepatozoon sp. may be related to the defense of the animal, since thrombocytes also have phagocytic activity. No changes were observed in laboratorial tests of P. expansa, which may be due to the small number of this animal species analyzed

Occurrence of Hemogregarine in Two Species of Brazilian Freshwater Turtles

Background: Hemogregarines are the most common intraerythrocytic parasites found in reptiles. The genus Haemogregarina has aquatic vertebrates as intermediate hosts, and as definitive hosts the leeches. The genus Hepatozoon can be found parasitizing amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and its main vectors invertebrates are mosquitoes, tsetse flies, lice, fleas and mites. The diagnosis of these parasites is done by the technique of blood smear, but modern diagnoses include evaluation of blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  The aim this study was to determine the occurrence of infection by hemogregarine in freshwater turtles, through PCR.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples from 99 freshwater turtles of species P. expansa and P. geoffroanus of Fundação Zoológico de Brasília,Distrito Federal, Brazil, were used. The animals was captured using a hand net, and were immediately individually identified. The blood samples was collected by puncture of the occipital sinus, and placed into tubes containing sodium heparin anticoagulant for hematologic and molecular analysis. Two different sets of oligonucleotides were used, one to detect hemogregarines and other to detect Hepatozoon sp. infection. The presence of hemogregarine was detected in 20 samples analyzed (n = 99), these eleven samples were positive for hemogregarine, 5 were Hepatozoon sp. and 4  were positive for both oligonucleotides. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in the concentration of total plasma proteins, total serum proteins and globulin, and in the number of thrombocytesin animals positive for hemogregarines and only alterations in the number of thrombocytes were observed in Hepatozoon sp. positive animals of both species.Discussion: This study showed that there is a high occurrence of infection by hemogregarines in the freshwater turtles samples examinated. The remarkable difficulty of identifying morphological differences, combined with the development of universal oligonucleotides, make further assessments infections hematozoa to be performed using molecular tools and specially  sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene for hemogregarines.  Protein levels in animals depends on the management, diets and normal physiological variations of each species. Hypoproteinemia is commonly observed in reptiles with chronic malnutrition and gastrointestinal parasitism. Therefore it is suggested that the cause of this low level in the measurement of proteins could be directly linked to the presence of hemoparasites because with the infection more animals feeding unless the negative, causing malnutrition, or even the concomitant presence of gastrointestinal parasites, because the study did not evaluate this level of parasitism. Thrombocytes in reptiles participate in blood clotting and some studies have shown that they also have phagocytic capacity. Thrombocytopenia in reptiles is usually a result of excessive use or deficient production. Thus, thrombocytopenia observed in hemogregarines positive animals of this study may suggest that the presence of this group of parasites can cause thrombocytopenia that may be associated with a deficient production of thrombocytes or even greater consumption of these blood cells. The increase of thrombocytes observed in animals positive for Hepatozoon sp. may be related to the defense of the animal, since thrombocytes also have phagocytic activity. No changes were observed in laboratorial tests of P. expansa, which may be due to the small number of this animal species analyzed

Phlebotomine sand flies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in an area of canine infection caused by Leishmania infantum in the state of Amapá, eastern Amazon

Abstract In 2017, the Brazilian State of Amapá registered the first occurrence of visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in 17 dogs in the outskirts of the capital, Macapá. Given the lack of knowledge on phlebotomines in that area, this study aimed to survey the fauna of these Diptera. Sampling was performed using CDC light traps placed at ten sampling sites. The specimens captured were Evandromyia walkeri (n=237), Nyssomyia antunesi (n=65) and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (n=6). The phlebotomine species composition resulted in low species diversity, and none of the main vectors of the etiological agent of VL were identified in the study area

Metazoan parasites of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-12-13T12:04:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alenamay_iniguez_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 208483 bytes, checksum: 114c40092f78cc4f6528a1cf0df1e497 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-12-13T12:17:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alenamay_iniguez_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 208483 bytes, checksum: 114c40092f78cc4f6528a1cf0df1e497 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-13T12:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alenamay_iniguez_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 208483 bytes, checksum: 114c40092f78cc4f6528a1cf0df1e497 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-11Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Faculdade de Veterinária. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Campus de Itaperi,. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil / Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos. Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Faculdade de Veterinária. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Campus de Itaperi,. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceará. Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinhos. Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Faculdade de Veterinária. CE, BrasilAssociação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos. Brasil.Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos. Brasil.Projeto Biopesca. Brasil.Instituto Mamíferos Aquáticos. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Projeto Pequenos Cetáceos. RN, Brasil / Centro Golfinho Rotador. Brasil.This study represents the first survey of the parasitic fauna of cetaceans off the northeastern coast of Brazil. Parasites were collected from 82 animals rescued from the states of Ceará to Bahia, including the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. A total of 14 species of cetaceans were evaluated: Sotalia guianensis, Stenella sp., Stenella clymene, Stenella longirostris, Stenella coeruleoalba, Stenella frontalis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Peponocephala electra, Steno bredanensis, Kogia breviceps, Kogia sima, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Tursiops truncatus, Physeter macrocephalus and Lagenodelphis hosei. The parasites were fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol or alcohol-formalin-acetic acid solution (AFA), clarified in phenol and mounted on slides for morphological identification. In total, 11 species and 8 genera of endo- and ectoparasites were identified: Halocercus brasiliensis, Halocercus kleinenbergi, Stenurus globicephalae, Halocercus sp., Anisakis sp., Crassicauda sp. (Nematoda), Phyllobothrium delphini, Monorygma grimaldii, Scolex pleuronectis, Strobicephalus triangularis, Tetrabothrius forsteri, Tetrabothrius sp., Trigonocotyle sp., Diphyllobothrium sp. (Cestoda), Campula sp. (Trematoda), Bolbosoma sp. (Acanthocephala), Cyamus boopis, Syncyamus pseudorcae and Xenobalanus globicipitis (Crustacea). The identification of some species represented novel records for the country and increased the occurrence of some parasites to new hosts. The use of standardized methodologies for collecting and evaluating a larger number of animals is essential for a better understanding of host-parasite relationships in cetaceans and their use as biological indicators in the region