Types of syncretism in the clitic systems of romance

In this paper I will discuss the hypothesis according to which every clitic system bears an elsewhere item, i.e., a non-specific clitic that can be inserted when the insertion of more specific items is blocked by independent constraints.In my opinion the insertion of an elsewhere clitic accounts for different phenomena such as synthetic clusters (Bonet 1991, Harris 1994, Pescarini to appear) and absolute syncretisms (Calabrese 1994, Loporcaro 1995). I will support this claim on the basis of the data displayed by some Italian dialects

Subject and impersonal clitics in northern Italian dialects

This article examines the interaction between subject clitics of northern Italian dialects and the clitic si/se triggering an arbitrary interpretation

Types of syncretism in the clitic systems of romance

In this paper I will discuss the hypothesis according to which every clitic system bears an elsewhere item, i.e., a non-specific clitic that can be inserted when the insertion of more specific items is blocked by independent constraints.In my opinion the insertion of an elsewhere clitic accounts for different phenomena such as synthetic clusters (Bonet 1991, Harris 1994, Pescarini to appear) and absolute syncretisms (Calabrese 1994, Loporcaro 1995). I will support this claim on the basis of the data displayed by some Italian dialects

Analysis of unmitigated large break loss of coolant accidents using MELCOR code

In the framework of severe accident research activity developed by ENEA, a MELCOR nodalization of a generic Pressurized Water Reactor of 900 MWe has been developed. The aim of this paper is to present the analysis of MELCOR code calculations concerning two independent unmitigated large break loss of coolant accident transients, occurring in the cited type of reactor. In particular, the analysis and comparison between the transients initiated by an unmitigated double-ended cold leg rupture and an unmitigated double-ended hot leg rupture in the loop 1 of the primary cooling system is presented herein. This activity has been performed focusing specifically on the in-vessel phenomenology that characterizes this kind of accidents. The analysis of the thermal-hydraulic transient phenomena and the core degradation phenomena is therefore here presented. The analysis of the calculated data shows the capability of the code to reproduce the phenomena typical of these transients and permits their phenomenological study. A first sequence of main events is here presented and shows that the cold leg break transient results faster than the hot leg break transient because of the position of the break. Further analyses are in progress to quantitatively assess the results of the code nodalization for accident management strategy definition and fission product source term evaluation

Mast cells in melanocytic skin lesions : an immunohistochemical and quantitative study

The mast cells participate in inflammation and possibly in carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to study mast cells in melanocytic lesions. The material consisted of 24 pigmented nevi, 18 dysplastic nevi and 19melanomas. The sections were stained immunohistochemically for tryptase and chymase. Positive cells were counted inside the lesions and at the interface between the lesion and dermis. The mean intralesional tryptase+count was 15.75 for nevi, 21.78 for dysplastic nevi, and 8.07 for melanomas. The chymase+intralesional count was 14.89 for nevi, 21.88 for dysplastic nevi, and 11.34 for melanomas. The tryptase+ perilesional count was 16.89 for nevi, 15.93 for dysplastic nevi, and 15.71 for melanomas. The chymase+ perilesional count was 16.52 for nevi, 16.16 for dysplastic nevi, and 14.77 for melanomas. The tryptase/chymase intralesional ratio was 0.93 for nevi, 1.05 for dysplastic nevi, and 1.67 for melanomas. The tryptase/chymase perilesional ratio was 1.02 for nevi, 1.09 for dysplastic nevi, and 1.00 for melanomas. The differences between intralesional mast cells, both tryptase+and chymase+, were statistically significant. The intralesional tryptase+ count showed an inverse correlation to age (R = –0.42); this correlation was the strongest in melanomas. The results obtained in our study suggest a possible correlation between mast cells and the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma

Validation of the BUGJEFF311.BOLIB, BUGENDF70.BOLIB and BUGLE-B7 broad-group libraries on the PCA-Replica (H2O/Fe) neutron shielding benchmark experiment

The PCA-Replica 12/13 (H2 O/Fe) neutron shielding benchmark experiment was analysed using the TORT-3.2 3D SN code. PCA-Replica reproduces a PWR ex-core radial geometry with alternate layers of water and steel including a pressure vessel simulator. Three broad-group coupled neutron/photon working cross section libraries in FIDO-ANISN format with the same energy group structure (47 n + 20 γ) and based on different nuclear data were alternatively used: the ENEA BUGJEFF311.BOLIB (JEFF-3.1.1) and UGENDF70.BOLIB (ENDF/B-VII.0) libraries and the ORNL BUGLE-B7 (ENDF/B-VII.0) library. Dosimeter cross sections derived from the IAEA IRDF-2002 dosimetry file were employed. The calculated reaction rates for the Rh-103(n,n′)Rh-103m, In-115(n,n′)In-115m and S-32(n,p)P-32 threshold activation dosimeters and the calculated neutron spectra are compared with the corresponding experimental results

La relation entre accord et concordance dans deux dialectes des Grisons

This article deals with the agreement system of two dialects spoken in southern Switzerland. In both, FPL agreement is marked by the suffix -n, which is a reflex of the 6th person verbal ending. In Bregagliotto, the more conservative dialect of the two, -n occurs in the second position of FPL NPS (FPL and FSG NPs are otherwise identical). In Mesolcinese, -n occurs on all inflected elements that agree with a feminine plural controller (including finite verbs), except definite articles and subject clitics.This article deals with the agreement system of two dialects spoken in southern Switzerland. In both, FPL agreement is marked by the suffix -n, which is a reflex of the 6th person verbal ending. In Bregagliotto, the more conservative dialect of the two, -n occurs in the second position of FPL NPS (FPL and FSG NPs are otherwise identical). In Mesolcinese, -n occurs on all inflected elements that agree with a feminine plural controller (including finite verbs), except definite articles and subject clitics

Dataset of tomato plants growth observations obtained from multiple sources in a production-like setting

This dataset contains observations of tomato growth in a production-like setting, at research greenhouses. Two plants in each of three growth cycles were continuously monitored and pictures were taken every other day from above and from a side view while a weighting system was used to record changes in weight of plant and water in the substrate. Other plants in the environment were subjected to destructive analysis in general every two weeks to quantify aspects of growth that required destructive measurements, such as dry weight and plant leaf area, and these records are also included in the dataset, including the scans of digitized leaves. Plant samples destined to destructive measurements also had their pictures taken before removal. In total, 618 photos of monitored and removed plants were annotated, and masks of leaf, fruit and mature fruit are also provided. The dataset also includes measurements of photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature recorded inside the greenhouses by two sets of different sensors during the growth cycles. The dataset allows for applications regarding growth monitoring and computer vision tasks

Microvariation and Microparameters. Some Quantitative Remarks

This paper deals with the distribution of subject clitics in northern Italian dialects. Building on quantitative data, I argue that the observed microvariation cannot derive (only) from external linguistic factors such as contact, areal diffusion, sociolinguistic dynamics, etc. Rather, a principled feature-based analysis is needed in order to account for certain patterns of defectivity and syncretism that, although typologically rare, occur systematically in northern dialects

Migration to middle-income countries and tuberculosis-global policies for global economies.

International migration to middle-income countries is increasing and its health consequences, in particular increasing transmission rates of tuberculosis (TB), deserve consideration. Migration and TB are a matter of concern in high-income countries and targeted screening of migrants for active and latent TB infection is a main strategy to manage risk and minimize transmission. In this paper, we discuss some aspects of TB control and migration in the context of middle-income countries, together with the prospect of responding with equitable and comprehensive policies. TB rates in middle-income countries remain disproportionally high among the poorest and most vulnerable groups in large cities where most migrant populations are concentrated. Policies that tackle migrant TB in high-income countries may be inadequate for middle-income countries because of their different socio-economic and cultural scenarios. Strategies to control TB in these settings must take into account the characteristics of middle-income countries and the complexity of TB as a disease of poverty. Intersectoral policies of social protection such as cash-transfer programs help reducing poverty and improving health in vulnerable populations. We address the development of new approaches to improve well-established strategies including contact tracing and active and latent TB screening as an 'add on' to the existing health care guidelines of conditional cash transfer programs. In addition, we discuss how it might improve health and welfare among both poor migrants and locally-born populations. Authorities from middle-income countries should recognise that migrants are a vulnerable social group and promote cooperation efforts between sending and receiving countries for mitigation of poverty and prevention of disease in this group. Middle-income countries have long sent migrants overseas. However, the influx of large migrant populations into their societies is relatively new and a growing phenomenon and it is time to set comprehensive goals to improve health among these communities. Conditional cash transfer policies with TB screening and strengthening of DOTS are some strategies that deserve attention. Reduction of social and health inequality among migrants should be incorporated into concerted actions to meet TB control targets