80 research outputs found

    Human Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Markers for Paternity Testing in Pig-Tailed Macaques

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    This study investigated the use of human short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite loci markers for assessing paternity and genetic structure of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) breeding colony. Four human microsatellite primer pairs located at human map position D1S548, D3S1768, D5S820, and D2S1777, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pig-tailed macaques. Four loci were found to be clearly and reliably amplified, and three loci exhibited high levels of genetic heterogeneity. These loci were sufficiently informative to differentiate discretely between related and unrelated pairs

    Discrimination of two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.): A rapid protocol for rehabilitation centres and zoos

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         Currently orangutans exist in increasingly fragmented and isolated populations. While Sumatran orangutan is primarily found in northern Sumatra, the Bornean is distributed in Central, West, and East Kalimantan, Sarawak and Sabah.  The determination of intra- and inter-species variation between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans has been stated to be essential for both the management of orangutan reintroduction projects and the planning of conservation strategies to preserve the remaining wild populations.  This study aimed to identify two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.) by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).  An approximately 540 bp single fragment of the ND5 gene near the 5’-region was PCR amplified for all samples tested.  Digestion pattern for both AluI and MseI were different between two groups of ND5 fragments in this study.  Present result showed a rapid protocol to identify these two species by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analyses of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA).  This technique can be applied easily to rehabilitation centres and zoos to resolve species discrimination problem.  Keywords: Orangutans, Pongo sp., Sumatra, Borneo, discriminatio

    Testing Reliability of Serum Samples as a DNA Source on Captive Breeding Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

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    The serum realibility was tested in captive breeding conditions on the long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Serum and buffy coat were applied to standard protocol of DNA extration following the amplification of microsatellite DNA locus of D2S1777 by PCR and visualized PCR products by means of PAGE with silver staining.  The amount of genomic DNA extracted from serum was sufficient for genotyping individuals at DNA microsatellite locus of D2S1777 with the allele size is approximately 160 bp.  We show that serum can provide a reliable alternative for obtaining DNA where taking blood using anticoagulant is impracticabl

    Discrimination of Two Species of Orangutans (Pongo SP.): a Rapid Protocol for Rehabilitation Centres and Zoos

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    Currently orangutans exist in increasingly fragmented and isolated populations. While Sumatran orangutan is primarily found in northern Sumatra, the Bornean is distributed in Central, West, and East Kalimantan, Sarawak and Sabah. The determination of intra- and inter-species variation between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans has been stated to be essential for both the management of orangutan reintroduction projects and the planning of conservation strategies to preserve the remaining wild populations. This study aimed to identify two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.) by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An approximately 540 bp single fragment of the ND5 gene near the 5'-region was PCR amplified for all samples tested. Digestion pattern for both AluI and MseI were different between two groups of ND5 fragments in this study. Present result showed a rapid protocol to identify these two species by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analyses of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA). This technique can be applied easily to rehabilitation centres and zoos to resolve species discrimination problem

    Human Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Markers for Paternity Testing in Pig-Tailed Macaques

    Get PDF
    This study investigated the use of human short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite loci markers for assessing paternity and genetic structure of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) breeding colony. Four human microsatellite primer pairs located at human map position D1S548, D3S1768, D5S820, and D2S1777, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pig-tailed macaques. Four loci were found to be clearly and reliably amplified, and three loci exhibited high levels of genetic heterogeneity. These loci were sufficiently informative to differentiate discretely between related and unrelated pairs. Key words: human short tandem repeats (STRs), paternity testing, pig-tailed macaques, Macaca nemestrin

    Komparasi Karakter Morfologi Sapi Madura Sonok dan Madura Pedaging

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    Madura cattle was selected into three groups by Madura people, there are karapan, sonok, and beef cattle. This selection based on morphological characters and pedigree. The differences of morphological characters in Sonok and beef cattle have not been reported. This research aimed to analyze morphological characters of both types, such as the differences in behaviors. This research was conducted from January-April 2016 at Sumenep and Pamekasan region, Madura Island. Preliminary was conducted with interviews, observation, and literature studies to obtain some characters which will be observed. Eighteen characters were observed in forty-two sonok cattle and fifty beef cattle. Qualitative data was analyzed by frequency analysis and use as input for principal component analysis (PCA) in Minitab 16 Statistical Software. The result shows that all of the observed cattle are divided into two groups. It indicates that sonok and beef cattle have different color around the eye area, the existence of back line, horn direction, and the existence of hump. However, further, observation is needed to find a robust character which can distinguish sonok and beef cattle for sonok selection

    Phylogenetic Study of Madura Cattle Based on Mitochondrial Cyt b and D-loop Sequences

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    Madura Cattle is one breed of local cattle from Indonesia. Madura cattle are estimated to originate from a crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos javanicus. Another presumption is that Madura cattle are the result of a crossbreeding between B. indicus males and mixed B. javanicus or Bos taurus. Tracing the history of Madura cross and another cattle phylogenetic based on maternal lineage can be done by analyzing the variation of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The purpose of this study was to determine the clarity of the origin of Madura cattle based on maternal lineage using mtDNA markers Cyt b and D-loop. This research is expected to provide genetic information and the origin of Madura cattle, so that it can be used to help improve the breeding and conservation program for Madura cattle. The results of the phylogeny tree reconstruction, using the Cyt b and D-loop genes showed that Madura cattle originated from Sampang region (Polagan, Golbung, and Komis) were grouped into two types of maternal origin. Madura cattle clade I are grouped with B. indicus and B. taurus, while Madura cattle clade II are grouped with B. javanicus. A crossbreeding between B. javanicus and B. indicus is estimated to have been carried out since the entry of Hindu culture brought by the India peoples to Indonesia around 1800 years ago. The crossing between B. javanicus and B. indicus was then more intensively carried out at the time of the government's promoting the development of Ongol cattles (B. indicus) in the days of the Dutch East Indies. The length segment of Cyt b that can be amplified is 230 bp and the D-loop segment of varying length, 577 bp for the Madura 41 and 29 samples, and 624 bp for sample 32. 

    Perilaku Afiliatif Pasangan Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Pusat Rehabilitasi Primata Jawa, Ciwidey, Jawa Barat

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    Owa jawa merupakan primata endemik Pulau Jawa dengan status konservasi genting (endangered). Perilaku afiliatif merupakan perilaku sosial yang bersifat positif berupa bersentuhan, duduk berdekatan, saling menelisik, berpelukan, dan perilaku seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku afiliatif serta kecenderungan perilaku kawin yang dilakukan pasangan owa Jawa dewasa di Pusat Rehabilitasi Primata Jawa (PRPJ) Patuha, Ciwidey, Jawa Barat. Data perilaku afiliatif diambil dengan menggunakan metode focal-animal sampling selama 104 jam. Perilaku afiliatif yang teramati pada pasangan owa jawa Acoy (♀) – Iwan (♂) dan Kimba (♀) – Douglas (♂), yaitu mendekati, duduk berdekatan, bergelantungan berdekatan, dan saling menelisik. Perilaku duduk berdekatan paling banyak dilakukan oleh kedua pasangan, sedangkan perilaku saling menelisik hanya dilakukan oleh pasangan Kimba (♀) – Douglas (♂). Perilaku duduk berdekatan dilakukan dalam durasi yang paling tinggi dibandingkan perilaku afiliatif lainnya. Kedua pasangan tidak memiliki kecenderungan melakukan perilaku kawin selama pengamatan dilakukan

    Perilaku Harian Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) pada Masa Kebuntingan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Sulawesi Utara: Behavior of Crested Macaque ( Macaca nigra ) During Pregnancy at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi

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    Crested macaque (Macaca nigra), one of the seven endemic primates in Sulawesi is the most endangered macaque species that has been categorized as critically endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, almost nothing is known about the reproductive biology in associated with the behavioral during pregnancy. The data is important to support a management and breeding programs such as pregnancy diagnostic and conservation program in this species. The research aimed was to study the behavior of the crested macaques during pregnancy. Observations were performed on the 10 adult females of the group of Rambo 1 (R1) which has been habituated at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. Behavioral data were collected using focal animal sampling and recorded using instantanaeous sampling on females during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and after parturition (lactation). During five months observations, a total of 393.63 observation hours were recorded. The results showed that daily activities of the M. nigra during menstrual cycling were dominated by feeding (26.60%), foraging (15.95%), and locomotion (16.16%). Daily activities during pregnancy was dominated by feeding (27.03%), foraging (16.37%), and resting (13.45%), whereas after parturition (lactation) period is dominated by resting (26.12%), foraging (19.51%), and feeding (14.98%). The resting was the most activity in the end of pregnancy and few day after parturition. The diets were collected successfully composed of the fruits (34 species), arthropods (3 species, 2 families, 4 orders), fungi (4 genus), and plants (5 species). Climate was influenced on the composition of the diet, especially on fruit and arthropods. In conclusion, the activity budgets were different during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation, especially feeding, foraging, locomotion, and resting.&nbsp

    Kejadian Indel Simultan pada Intron 7 Gen Branched-Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1a (BCKDHA) pada Sapi Madura

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    Madura cattle is one of the Indonesian local cattle breeds derived from crossing between Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus). Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) is one of the main enzyme complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that metabolizes branched chain amino acid (BCAA), ie valine, leucine, and isoleucine. The diversity of the nucleotide sequences of the genes largely determine the efficiency of enzyme encoded. This paper aimed to determine the nucleotide variation contained in section  intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 genes BCKDHA on Madura cattle. This study was conducted on three Madura cattle that used as bull race (karapan), beauty contest (sonok), and beef cattle. The analysis showed that the variation in intron higher than occurred in the exon. Simultaneous indel found at base position 34 and 68 in sonok cattle. In addition, the C266T variant found in beef cattle. These variants do not cause significant changes in amino acids. There was no specific mutation in intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 were found in Madura cattle designation. This indicated the absence of differentiation Madura cattle designation of selection pressure of BCKDHA gene
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