91 research outputs found
Contextual effects of immigrant presence on populist radical right support: testing the ‘halo effect’ on Front National voting in France
This paper examines the relationship between immigration and populist radical right (PRR) support, based on an analysis of the contextual effects of immigrant presence on Front National vote in France in 2017. Using a unique set of survey data geolocalising respondents at the subcommunal level, it finds evidence for the existence of a curvilinear “halo effect,” with substantial increases in the probability of PRR vote in areas surrounding communities with significantly higher-than-average immigrant populations, and independent of other socio-economic context, as well as individual socio-demographic characteristics. Most importantly, a path analysis confirms the presence of individual attitudinal mediators of this halo effect on PRR vote, thus testing the foundation of the halo, namely that the contextual effects of immigrant presence act on attitudes which drive PRR support. These findings provide a significant step forward in understanding the mechanisms linking subjective experience of immigration with voting for the populist radical right
The Unique Lipidomic Signatures of Saccharina latissima Can Be Used to Pinpoint Their Geographic Origin
The aquaculture of macroalgae for human consumption and other high-end applications is experiencing unprecedented development in European countries, with the brown algae Saccharina latissima being the flag species. However, environmental conditions in open sea culture sites are often unique, which may impact the biochemical composition of cultured macroalgae. The present study compared the elemental compositions (CHNS), fatty acid profiles, and lipidomes of S. latissima originating from three distinct locations (France, Norway, and the United Kingdom). Significant differences were found in the elemental composition, with Norwegian samples displaying twice the lipid content of the others, and significantly less protein (2.6%, while French and UK samples contained 6.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The fatty acid profiles also differed considerably, with UK samples displaying a lower content of n-3 fatty acids (21.6%), resulting in a higher n-6/n-3 ratio. Regarding the lipidomic profile, samples from France were enriched in lyso lipids, while those from Norway displayed a particular signature of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine. Samples from the UK featured higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and, in general, a lower content of galactolipids. These differences highlight the influence of site-specific environmental conditions in the shaping of macroalgae biochemical phenotypes and nutritional value. It is also important to highlight that differences recorded in the lipidome of S. latissima make it possible to pinpoint specific lipid species that are likely to represent origin biomarkers. This finding is relevant for future applications in the field of geographic origin traceability and food controlpublishedVersio
Acclimation of Microalgae to Wastewater Environments Involves Increased Oxidative Stress Tolerance Activity
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Plant and Cell Physiology following peer review. The version of record Osundeko, O., Dean, A. P., Davies, H. & Pittman, J. K. (2014). Acclimation of microalgae to wastewater environments involves increased oxidative stress tolerance activity. Plant and Cell Physiology, 55(10), 1848–1857, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcu113A wastewater environment can be particularly toxic to eukaryotic microalgae. Microalgae can adapt to
these conditions but the specific mechanisms that allow strains to tolerate wastewater environments
are unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the ability to acclimate microalgae to tolerate
wastewater is an innate or species-specific characteristic. Six different species of microalgae
(Chlamydomonas debaryana, Chlorella luteoviridis, Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus intermedius,
Hindakia tetrachotoma, Parachlorella kessleri) that had never previously been exposed to wastewater
conditions were acclimated over an eight week period in secondary-treated municipal wastewater.
With the exception of C. debaryana, acclimation to wastewater resulted in significantly higher growth
rate and biomass productivity. With the exception of C. vulgaris, total chlorophyll content was
significantly increased in all acclimated strains, while all acclimated strains showed significantly
increased photosynthetic activity. The ability of strains to acclimate was species-specific, with two
species, C. luteoviridis and P. kessleri, able to acclimate more efficiently to the stress than C.
debaryana and D. intermedius. Metabolic fingerprinting of the acclimated and non-acclimated
microalgae using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was able to differentiate strains on the basis
of metabolic responses to the stress. In particular, strains exhibiting greater stress response and
altered accumulation of lipids and carbohydrates could be distinguished. The acclimation to
wastewater tolerance was correlated with higher accumulation of carotenoid pigments and increased
ascorbate peroxidase activity
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