Probing neutrino masses with CMB lensing extraction

We evaluate the ability of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments to measure the power spectrum of large scale structure using quadratic estimators of the weak lensing deflection field. We calculate the sensitivity of upcoming CMB experiments such as BICEP, QUaD, BRAIN, ClOVER and PLANCK to the non-zero total neutrino mass M_nu indicated by current neutrino oscillation data. We find that these experiments greatly benefit from lensing extraction techniques, improving their one-sigma sensitivity to M_nu by a factor of order four. The combination of data from PLANCK and the SAMPAN mini-satellite project would lead to sigma(M_nu) = 0.1 eV, while a value as small as sigma(M_nu) = 0.035 eV is within the reach of a space mission based on bolometers with a passively cooled 3-4 m aperture telescope, representative of the most ambitious projects currently under investigation. We show that our results are robust not only considering possible difficulties in subtracting astrophysical foregrounds from the primary CMB signal but also when the minimal cosmological model (Lambda Mixed Dark Matter) is generalized in order to include a possible scalar tilt running, a constant equation of state parameter for the dark energy and/or extra relativistic degrees of freedom.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. One new figure and references added. Version accepted for publicatio

Probing neutrino masses with future galaxy redshift surveys

We perform a new study of future sensitivities of galaxy redshift surveys to the free-streaming effect caused by neutrino masses, adding the information on cosmological parameters from measurements of primary anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Our reference cosmological scenario has nine parameters and three different neutrino masses, with a hierarchy imposed by oscillation experiments. Within the present decade, the combination of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and CMB data from the PLANCK experiment will have a 2-sigma detection threshold on the total neutrino mass close to 0.2 eV. This estimate is robust against the inclusion of extra free parameters in the reference cosmological model. On a longer term, the next generation of experiments may reach values of order sum m_nu = 0.1 eV at 2-sigma, or better if a galaxy redshift survey significantly larger than SDSS is completed. We also discuss how the small changes on the free-streaming scales in the normal and inverted hierarchy schemes are translated into the expected errors from future cosmological data.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Added results with the KAOS proposal and 1 referenc

Effet de lentilles gravitationnelles et polarisation du fonddiffus cosmologique dans le cadre de l'expérience PLANCK et de projetspost-planckiens.

This thesis is motivated by upcoming high-resolution, high-sensitivity microwave background experiments, which should be sensitive to the CMB polarization and lensing. The first chapter provides a review of the CMB polarization with emphasis on future related experiments. The Planck experiment is described in a second chapter, where I develop a fast simulation code of Planck time-ordered data optimised to ease elaboration and test of data analysis methods. The two last chapters deal with gravitational lensing of the cosmic background radiation. First, I evaluate the capability of the upcoming experiments mentioned above to measure the power spectrum of Large Scale Structure by means of the extraction of weak lensing. Then I derive their sensitivity to the total neutrino mass, using the suppression of power due to free-streaming of massive neutrinos. Finally, I develop a method to estimate the foregrounds effects in the gravitational lensing extraction process. This method uses the best linear estimator avalaible in the litterature and is validated by numerical simulations that include non-gaussian CMB lensed maps and extra-galactic radio sources maps. I find that sources emission reduces the sensitivity of future experiments to the weak lensing and leads to an overestimate of the convergence power spectrum.Mon travail s'inscrit dans un contexte de préparation aux futures expériences haute-sensibilité et haute-résolution sensibles à la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique et à l'effet de lentilles gravitationnelles. Le premier chapître se veut une introduction à la polarisation du rayonnement de fond et aux expériences à venir dédiées à sa mesure. Ensuite, je présente l'expérience Planck et décris la chaîne de simulations rapides de signaux temporels que j'ai développé pour faciliter l'élaboration et le test des algorythmes d'analyse des données Planck. Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés à l'effet de lentille gravitationnelle sur le rayonnement de fond. Tout d'abord, j'évalue la capacité des futures expériences précédemment décrites à mesurer le spectre de puissance des Grandes Structures à partir d'une estimation de l'effet de lentille. J'en déduis leur sensibilité à une masse non-nulle des neutrinos -- suggérée par les expériences d'oscillation -- supprimant les petites échelles angulaires au sein du spectre angulaire de la matière. Enfin, je développe une méthode pour caractériser les effets délétères des avant-plans sur l'estimation de l'effet de lentille. Je valide cette méthode, mettant en oeuvre le meilleur estimateur linéaire de lentilles décrit dans la littérature, grâce à une simulation numérique de cartes du rayonnement de fond diffus affecté par les lentilles et de l'émission des sources radio extra-galactiques. Je trouve que la présence de sources amoindris la sensibilité des expériences au potentiel gravitationnel de la Matière Noire et entraîne la surestimation de son spectre de puissance angulaire

Effet de lentilles gravitationnelles et polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique dans le cadre de l'expérience PLANCK et de projets post-planckiens

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

PANCO2: A new software to measure pressure profiles from resolved thermal SZ observations

International audienceWe have developed a new software to perform the measurement of galaxy cluster pressure profiles from high angular resolution thermal SZ observations. The code allows the user to take into account various features of millimeter observations, such as point spread function (PSF) convolution, pipeline filtering, correlated residual noise, and point source contamination, in a forward modeling approach. A major advantage of this software is its performance, enabling the extraction of the pressure profile and associated confidence intervals via MCMC sampling in times as short as a few minutes. We present the code and its validation on various realistic synthetic maps, of ideal spherical clusters, as well as of realistic, hydrodynamically simulated objects. We plan to publicly release the software in the coming months

Forecasting the Y500 – M500 scaling relation from the NIKA2 SZ Large Program

International audienceOne of the key elements needed to perform the cosmological exploitation of a cluster survey is the relation between the survey observable and the cluster masses. Among these observables, the integrated Compton parameter Y is a measurable quantity in Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) surveys, which tightly correlates with cluster mass. The calibration of the relation between the Compton parameter Y500 and the mass M500 enclosed within radius R500 is one of the scientific goals of the NIKA2 SZ Large Program (LPSZ). We present an ongoing study to forecast the constraining power of this program, using mock simulated datasets that mimic the large program sample, selection function, and typical uncertainties on Y500 and M500. We use a Bayesian hierarchical modelling that enables taking into account a large panel of systematic effects. Our results show that the LPSZ can yield unbiased estimates of the scaling relation parameters for realistic input parameter values. The relative uncertainties on these parameters is ~ 10% for the intercept and slope of the scaling relation, and ~ 34% for its intrinsic scatter, foreshadowing precise estimates to be delivered by the LPSZ

The case for an all-sky millimetre survey at subarcminute resolution

International audienceThere are several new projects to survey the sky with millimetre eyes, the biggest being Simons Observatory and CMB-S4, in the Southern Hemisphere. The NIKA2 collaboration has acquired sufficient knowledge to build a large focal plane KID camera for a 15 m antenna. This would allow covering the whole Northern Hemisphere in five years at subarcminute resolution and with milliJansky point-source sensitivity. We describe the main scientific drivers for such a project: the SZ sky, the high-redshift millimetre Universe and the interstellar medium in our Galaxy and the nearby galaxies. We also show briefly the main difficulties (scientific, organisational, technical and financial)

OmZnT1 and OmFET, two metal transporters from the metal-tolerant strain Zn of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius, confer zinc tolerance in yeast

International audienc