Loneliness

Téma osamění ve většině z nás vyvolá negativní pocity strachu a prázdnoty, naopak jen málokdy na osamělost pohlížíme jako na pozitivní, životu potřebný jev. Samotný problém bývá tabuizován, skrývá se na pozadí oblíbenějších společenských témat, takže nám většinou schází informace, které by nám umožňovaly zaujmout k němu jiný, než „pocitový“ postoj. Je však vázán na řadu zásadních otázek, ať už o smrti, o uvědomění si vlastního bytí, a v jeho důsledku toho také o přijetí odpovědnosti za sebe samého, tak vnímání normality, jedinečnosti a konformity. Z toho důvodu se domnívám, že vztah, který si k osamocení utváříme, formuje následně náš vztah k sobě samým, vztah k našim blízkým a následně fungování celé společnosti.Theme of loneliness generates in most of us negative feelings of fear and emptiness, while rarely on Loneliness, is regarded as positive, life takes effect. The actual problem is a taboo, hides in the background of the more popular social topics, so we usually lack information that would allow us to approach him other than "emotional" attitude. However, it is linked to a number of fundamental questions, whether by death, the awareness of one's own being, and as a result, it is also about taking responsibility for himself and perception of normality, individuality and conformity. For this reason, I believe that the relationship that we create to loneliness, forms then our relationship to ourselves, our close relationship and subsequently the functioning of the whole society.

c-Myb regulates matrix metalloproteinases 1/9, and cathepsin D: implications for matrix-dependent breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The c-Myb transcription factor is essential for the maintenance of stem-progenitor cells in bone marrow, colon epithelia, and neurogenic niches. c-Myb malfunction contributes to several types of malignancies including breast cancer. However, the function of c-Myb in the metastatic spread of breast tumors remains unexplored. In this study, we report a novel role of c-Myb in the control of specific proteases that regulate the matrix-dependent invasion of breast cancer cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ectopically expressed c-Myb enhanced migration and ability of human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 mammary cancer cells to invade Matrigel but not the collagen I matrix <it>in vitro</it>. c-Myb strongly increased the expression/activity of cathepsin D and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and significantly downregulated MMP1. The gene coding for cathepsin D was suggested as the c-Myb-responsive gene and downstream effector of the migration-promoting function of c-Myb. Finally, we demonstrated that c-Myb delayed the growth of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice and affected the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells in an organ-specific manner.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study identified c-Myb as a matrix-dependent regulator of invasive behavior of breast cancer cells.</p

Dynamic Monitoring of Cellular Remodeling Induced by the Transforming Growth Factor-β1

The plasticity of differentiated adult cells could have a great therapeutic potential, but at the same time, it is characteristic of progression of serious pathological states such as cancer and fibrosis. In this study, we report on the application of a real-time noninvasive system for dynamic monitoring of cellular plasticity. Analysis of the cell impedance profile recorded as cell index using a real-time cell analyzer revealed its significant increase after the treatment of prostate epithelial cells with the transforming growth factor-β1. Changes in the cell index profile were paralleled with cytoskeleton rebuilding and induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and negatively correlated with cell proliferation. This novel application of such approach demonstrated a great potential of the impedance-based system for noninvasive and real-time monitoring of cellular fate

Jane Austen&apos;s, Pride and Prejudice. A Comparison of Czech Translations with Consideration of their Reception by Contemporary Readers

This thesis compares three translations of Jane Austen&apos;s novel Pride and Prejudice that are currently available to Czech readers. It builds on the fact that, in the Czech environment, most readers acquaint themselves with the works of foremost English writers exclusively through translations, and consequently, the ability of the translator to interpret the qualities of the original is crucial for the readers&apos; perception of the work as well as the author. This is increasingly important with works, such as Pride and Prejudice, that come not only from a different cultural context but also from a relatively distant period of time, which makes the transfer of ideas and forms even more demanding. The first part of the thesis presents a brief introduction to the life and work of Jane Austen, her place in the history of English literature, and her ongoing popularity with readers worldwide. It then goes in more detail into the novel Pride and Prejudice, providing also a full list of Czech translations and editions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Jane Austenová patří k významným anglickým spisovatelům, jež svým dílem ovlivnili budoucí vývoj románu, a to nejen v anglickém prostředí. Román Pýcha a předsudek patří k vrcholům její tvorby a plně se v něm odrazilo autorčino mistrovství, pro něž je oceňována až do současnosti. Tato práce se soustředí na specifickou problematiku související s percepcí románu Pýcha a předsudek v českém prostředí, totiž na způsoby, jimiž bylo toto výjimečné dílo přetlumočeno českým čtenářům, a na důsledky zvolené překladatelské metody. Je totiž třeba uvědomit si, že většina českých čtenářů se s románem neseznamuje v anglickém originále, ale pouze zprostředkovaně, v českém překladu. A překladů je v podstatě tolik, kolik je překladatelů; jednotlivé překlady se od sebe navzájem liší a mohou vyvolávat ve čtenáři odlišné dojmy. Recepce literárního díla v českém (ale i jakémkoli jiném) jazykovém prostředí je tedy do značné míry závislá na kvalitách daného překladu a jeho schopnosti oslovit čtenáře při současném zachování původního charakteru daného díla. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Katedra české literaturyPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio

Jane Austen's, Pride and Prejudice. A Comparison of Czech Translations with Consideration of their Reception by Contemporary Readers

This thesis compares three translations of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice that are currently available to Czech readers. It builds on the fact that, in the Czech environment, most readers acquaint themselves with the works of foremost English writers exclusively through translations, and consequently, the ability of the translator to interpret the qualities of the original is crucial for the readers' perception of the work as well as the author. This is increasingly important with works, such as Pride and Prejudice, that come not only from a different cultural context but also from a relatively distant period of time, which makes the transfer of ideas and forms even more demanding. The first part of the thesis presents a brief introduction to the life and work of Jane Austen, her place in the history of English literature, and her ongoing popularity with readers worldwide. It then goes in more detail into the novel Pride and Prejudice, providing also a full list of Czech translations and editions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Emptiness, Loneliness

The theme of my paintings is loneliness. Specifically, I deal primarily age and everything that brings. Linger on its essence, about what one can to end of life feel. What is important for the old man, what are his or her needs. Personally, I see old the old age as a very sad, lonely, silent and empty. These feelings brings me a visit to my grandparents when I become a witness painful and sad old age. Become a witness to alienation of two different characters, which affected disease and who have ruined their very old age. My images should lead to the thinking about the mental diseases of old people, which is too speak, may not even be at first glance not noticeable, but still can strongly affect the man himself, so people living in its vicinity

Emptiness, Loneliness

The theme of my paintings is loneliness. Specifically, I deal primarily age and everything that brings. Linger on its essence, about what one can to end of life feel. What is important for the old man, what are his or her needs. Personally, I see old the old age as a very sad, lonely, silent and empty. These feelings brings me a visit to my grandparents when I become a witness painful and sad old age. Become a witness to alienation of two different characters, which affected disease and who have ruined their very old age. My images should lead to the thinking about the mental diseases of old people, which is too speak, may not even be at first glance not noticeable, but still can strongly affect the man himself, so people living in its vicinity

Androgen Depletion Induces Senescence in Prostate Cancer Cells through Down-regulation of Skp212

Although the induction of senescence in cancer cells is a potent mechanism of tumor suppression, senescent cells remain metabolically active and may secrete a broad spectrum of factors that promote tumorigenicity in neighboring malignant cells. Here we show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a widely used treatment for advanced prostate cancer, induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in prostate cancer epithelial cells, indicated by increases in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, heterochromatin protein 1β foci, and expression of cathepsin B and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Interestingly, ADT also induced high levels of vimentin expression in prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in human prostate tumors in vivo. The induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by androgen depletion was mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, whereas the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells was under separate control. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized link between inhibition of androgen receptor signaling, down-regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and the appearance of secretory, tumor-promoting senescent cells in prostate tumors. We propose that ADT may contribute to the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer through modulation of the tissue microenvironment by senescent cells