ERP SYSTEMS IN SMALL ENTERPRISES OF VARAŽDIN COUNTY

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti računovodstvene informacijske sustave u poslovanju malih poduzeća te ispitati korištenje sveobuhvatnih rješenja kao što su Enterprise resource planning (dalje: ERP) sustavi. Korištenje ERP sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj (dalje: RH) znatno je ispod prosjeka EU-27 i daleko od postotka u kojem se ERP koristi u razvijenijim zemljama EU, a koristi od kvalitetno implementiranog ERP sustava mogu biti značajne za poduzeće. Te su nas činjenice potaknule na istraživanje korištenja ERP sustava u malim poduzećima s područja Varaždinske županije. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako mala poduzeća iz Varaždinske županije, koja je na visokom 4. mjestu po kriteriju razvijenosti županija u RH, koriste ERP sustave u znatno većoj mjeri od prosjeka za sva poduzeća s više od 10 zaposlenih u RH, te da se u skladu s očekivanjima uglavnom radi o gotovim ERP rješenjima. Većina ispitanika ulaže u taj segment zadovoljavajuće, ali ne planira buduće značajne investicije. Budući da je na razini RH prema podacima Eurostata korištenje ERP sustava znatno lošije nego u Varaždinskoj županiji, država bi ovdje mogla odigrati značajnu ulogu kroz institucionalnu pomoć malim poduzećima u RH pri uvođenju ERP sustava, kao što je slučaj u nekim tehnološki razvijenijim zemljama.The aim of this paper was to investigate accounting information systems in small enterprises and to examine the use of comprehensive solutions such as Enterprise resource planning (hereinafter: ERP) systems. The use of ERPs in the Republic of Croatia is significantly below the EU-27 average and far from the percentage in which ERPs are used in more developed EU countries, and the benefits of a well-implemented ERP system can be significant for the company. These facts motivated us to conduct research on the use of ERPs in small businesses from Varaždin County. The research showed that small companies from Varaždin County, which is in the high 4th place according to the criteria of county development in the Republic of Croatia, use ERP systems to a much greater extent than the average for all companies with more than 10 employees in the Republic of Croatia. In line with our expectations, these are mostly ready-made ERP solutions. Most respondents invest in this segment satisfactorily, but do not plan significant future investments. Since, according to Eurostat data, the use of ERP systems at the national level is much worse than in Varaždin County, government could play a significant role through institutional assistance to small businesses in the Republic of Croatia in introducing ERP systems, as in some more technologically advanced countries

Non-Native Forest Tree Species in Europe: The Question of Seed Origin in Afforestation

Non-native forest tree species have been introduced in Europe since the 16th century, but only in the second half of the 20th century the significance of the seed source origin for their economic use was recognized, resulting in the establishment of numerous provenance trials at a national, regional, European and International level, as those led by IUFRO. Breeding programs have also been launched in the continent for the most economically important species. Aim of this work is the formulation of provenance recommendations for planting of five non-native tree species in Europe (Douglas fir, grand fir, Sitka spruce, lodgepole pine and black locust), based on the information obtained from twenty countries, in the frame of the EU FP-1403 NNEXT Cost Action. The survey revealed that official and non-official national recommendations, based on provenance research results, have been elaborated and followed at a different level and extend for the above five species, but only for Douglas fir recommendations exist in almost all the participating to the survey countries. The compilation of provenance recommendations across Europe for each species is presented in the current work. Besides the recommended introduced seed sources, European seed sources are also preferred for planting, due to ease of access and high availability of forest reproductive material. European breeding programs yielding genetic material of high productivity and quality constitute currently the seed source of choice for several species and countries. Consolidation of trial data obtained across countries will allow the joint analysis that is urgently needed to draw solid conclusions, and will facilitate the development of ‘Universal-Response-Functions’ for the species of interest, rendering possible the identification of the genetic material suitable for global change. New provenance trial series that will test seed sources from the entire climatic range of the species, established in sites falling within and outside the environmental envelopes of their natural ranges, are urgently needed to pinpoint and understand the species-specific climate constraints, as well as to correlate functional traits to the seed origin and the environmental conditions of the test sites, so that the selection of suitable forest reproductive material of non-native tree species in the face of climate change can be feasible.publishedVersio

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries

BACKGROUND: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries. RESULTS: Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral

Contractor selection using the AHP and PROMETHEE metods

U sadašnje vrijeme u svakoj grani ima puno konkurencije te dolazi do naglih promjena, građevinarstvo, kao i sve druge grane, se mora lako prilagoditi. Jedan od problema u projektu gradnje je izbor izvođača radova, koji je česti problem bilo po pitanju javno financiranih ili po pitanju privatno financiranih projekata. Izbor se može vršiti nasumično, po svojoj želji ili se može koristiti neka od metoda kao što su u ovom završnom radu korištene AHP metoda i PROMETHEE metoda. U radu će se prikazati problem odabira izvođača radova kao i matematička podloga metoda AHP i PROMETHEE. Vidjeti će se kako se i jednom i drugom metodom može dobro utvrditi najbolji izvođač među više ponuđenih i dobivene rezultate će se međusobno usporediti te će se dati završni osvrt s prednostima i manama korištenih metoda.At present, there is a lot of competition in every branch and there are sudden changes, civil engineering, like all other branches, must be easily adapted. One of the problems in construction project is the selection of contractors, which is a common problem either in terms of publicly funded or privately funded projects. The selection can be made at random, at will or one of the methods can be used, such as the AHP method and the PROMETHEE method use din this final paper. The paper will present the problem of selecting contractors as well as the mathematical basis of the AHP and PROMETHEE methods. It will be seen how both methods can well determine the best contractor among the several offered and the results obtained will be compared with each other and a final review will be given with the advantages and disadvantages od the methods used

Analysis of the financial profitability of business expansion to new markets : case study of company X

Ovaj završni rad obrađuje temu ocjene i analize financijske isplativosti proširenja poslovanja na novo tržište. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti potencijalne rizike i koristi proširenja na novo tržište kako bi se donijela informirana odluka o ulaganju. Provedena analiza istraživanja u završnom radu prikupila je relevantne financijske podatke, analizu troškova i prihoda, te izradu projekcija budućih performansi poslovanja na primjeru poduzeća X

Analysis of the financial profitability of business expansion to new markets : case study of company X

Ovaj završni rad obrađuje temu ocjene i analize financijske isplativosti proširenja poslovanja na novo tržište. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti potencijalne rizike i koristi proširenja na novo tržište kako bi se donijela informirana odluka o ulaganju. Provedena analiza istraživanja u završnom radu prikupila je relevantne financijske podatke, analizu troškova i prihoda, te izradu projekcija budućih performansi poslovanja na primjeru poduzeća X

Optimization the Part of the Water Supply System of the Donja Drenova Using Pumping Stations

Diplomski rad predstavlja idejno rješenje optimalizacije dijela vodoopskrbnog sustava naselja Donja Drenova primjenom prepumpnih stanica. U prvom dijelu rada analizirano je zadano područje, te su spomenuta važna obilježja i sa prikupljenim informacijama definirane su mjerodavne količine za različite potrošače. Nakon izračuna mjerodavnih količina prešlo se na izradu hidrauličkog proračuna gdje su se analizirali protoci, tlakovi u čvorovima, brzine i gubici u cijevima, te se napravila najoptimalnija varijanta. Izrađene su tri varijante koje se razlikuju s obzirom na dispozicije i nadmorske visine položaja izvora i prepumpnih stanica, te u dužinama tlačnog cjevovoda i različitim periodima crpljenja vode. Vodoopskrbni sustav izvodi se kao gravitacijsko-potisni (kombinirani) sustav. Dovod do vodne komore vodotornja izveden je potisnim sustavom, dok je razdjelna granasta mreža izvedena gravitacijski. Sve navedene analize izvršene su unutar Excela, pa su se zatim, nakon konverzije CAD elemenata unutar računalnog programa Urbano Hydra 11, proračunati parametri unosili u navedeni računalni program i pomoću njega iscrtavali su se uzdužni profili, poprečni presjek rova, montažni plan čvorišta i planovi iskolčenja. Na posljetku rada odabrana je najoptimalnija varijanta i dano zaključno mišljenje.The master thesis presents a conceptual solution of the optimization of a part of the water supply system of the Donja Drenova using pumping stations. In the first part of the paper, the assigned area was analyzed, important features were mentioned, and with the collected information, the relevant quantities for different consumer were defined. After the calculation of the relevant quantities, I moved on to the creation of a hydraulic calculation, where the flows, pressures in the nodes, velocities and losses in the pipes were analyzed, and the most optimal variant was created. Three variants are developed which differ in terms of the disconnection and altitude of the position of the source and pump stations, and in the pressure pipelines and the different periods of water abstraction. The water supply system is performed as a gravitational – thrust (combined) system. The supply to the water chamber of the water tower is carried out by a repressed system, while the distribution of the branch network is gravity. All of the above analyses were made out of the Excel, and then, after converting the CAD elements within the Urbano Hydra 11 computer program and used the longitudinal sections, cross – section of the trench, the assembly plan of the junction and the stake plans were drawn using it. At the end of the work, the most optimal variant was selected and a final opinion was given

Optimization the Part of the Water Supply System of the Donja Drenova Using Pumping Stations

Diplomski rad predstavlja idejno rješenje optimalizacije dijela vodoopskrbnog sustava naselja Donja Drenova primjenom prepumpnih stanica. U prvom dijelu rada analizirano je zadano područje, te su spomenuta važna obilježja i sa prikupljenim informacijama definirane su mjerodavne količine za različite potrošače. Nakon izračuna mjerodavnih količina prešlo se na izradu hidrauličkog proračuna gdje su se analizirali protoci, tlakovi u čvorovima, brzine i gubici u cijevima, te se napravila najoptimalnija varijanta. Izrađene su tri varijante koje se razlikuju s obzirom na dispozicije i nadmorske visine položaja izvora i prepumpnih stanica, te u dužinama tlačnog cjevovoda i različitim periodima crpljenja vode. Vodoopskrbni sustav izvodi se kao gravitacijsko-potisni (kombinirani) sustav. Dovod do vodne komore vodotornja izveden je potisnim sustavom, dok je razdjelna granasta mreža izvedena gravitacijski. Sve navedene analize izvršene su unutar Excela, pa su se zatim, nakon konverzije CAD elemenata unutar računalnog programa Urbano Hydra 11, proračunati parametri unosili u navedeni računalni program i pomoću njega iscrtavali su se uzdužni profili, poprečni presjek rova, montažni plan čvorišta i planovi iskolčenja. Na posljetku rada odabrana je najoptimalnija varijanta i dano zaključno mišljenje.The master thesis presents a conceptual solution of the optimization of a part of the water supply system of the Donja Drenova using pumping stations. In the first part of the paper, the assigned area was analyzed, important features were mentioned, and with the collected information, the relevant quantities for different consumer were defined. After the calculation of the relevant quantities, I moved on to the creation of a hydraulic calculation, where the flows, pressures in the nodes, velocities and losses in the pipes were analyzed, and the most optimal variant was created. Three variants are developed which differ in terms of the disconnection and altitude of the position of the source and pump stations, and in the pressure pipelines and the different periods of water abstraction. The water supply system is performed as a gravitational – thrust (combined) system. The supply to the water chamber of the water tower is carried out by a repressed system, while the distribution of the branch network is gravity. All of the above analyses were made out of the Excel, and then, after converting the CAD elements within the Urbano Hydra 11 computer program and used the longitudinal sections, cross – section of the trench, the assembly plan of the junction and the stake plans were drawn using it. At the end of the work, the most optimal variant was selected and a final opinion was given

Contractor selection using the AHP and PROMETHEE metods

U sadašnje vrijeme u svakoj grani ima puno konkurencije te dolazi do naglih promjena, građevinarstvo, kao i sve druge grane, se mora lako prilagoditi. Jedan od problema u projektu gradnje je izbor izvođača radova, koji je česti problem bilo po pitanju javno financiranih ili po pitanju privatno financiranih projekata. Izbor se može vršiti nasumično, po svojoj želji ili se može koristiti neka od metoda kao što su u ovom završnom radu korištene AHP metoda i PROMETHEE metoda. U radu će se prikazati problem odabira izvođača radova kao i matematička podloga metoda AHP i PROMETHEE. Vidjeti će se kako se i jednom i drugom metodom može dobro utvrditi najbolji izvođač među više ponuđenih i dobivene rezultate će se međusobno usporediti te će se dati završni osvrt s prednostima i manama korištenih metoda.At present, there is a lot of competition in every branch and there are sudden changes, civil engineering, like all other branches, must be easily adapted. One of the problems in construction project is the selection of contractors, which is a common problem either in terms of publicly funded or privately funded projects. The selection can be made at random, at will or one of the methods can be used, such as the AHP method and the PROMETHEE method use din this final paper. The paper will present the problem of selecting contractors as well as the mathematical basis of the AHP and PROMETHEE methods. It will be seen how both methods can well determine the best contractor among the several offered and the results obtained will be compared with each other and a final review will be given with the advantages and disadvantages od the methods used

Analysis of the financial profitability of business expansion to new markets : case study of company X

Ovaj završni rad obrađuje temu ocjene i analize financijske isplativosti proširenja poslovanja na novo tržište. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti potencijalne rizike i koristi proširenja na novo tržište kako bi se donijela informirana odluka o ulaganju. Provedena analiza istraživanja u završnom radu prikupila je relevantne financijske podatke, analizu troškova i prihoda, te izradu projekcija budućih performansi poslovanja na primjeru poduzeća X