Performance of Green Solvents in the Extraction of Sunflower Oil from Enzyme-Treated Collets

The main goal of this work is to evaluate the extraction of sunflower oil from enzyme-treated collets using ethanol and isopropanol (IPA) as solvents. The sunflower collets are pretreated with the multienzyme complex Viscozyme L prior to solvent extraction by the Soxhlet method. The influence of the moisture content of the collets, pretreatment, processing time, and solvent type on the amount of total extracted material and the oil extraction efficiency is studied. Some quality parameters such as phospholipid content of the oil and chlorogenic acid content of the residual meal are also analyzed. At low moisture content (7%) the solvents exhibit similar oil extraction ability (98–99%), but with increasing moisture the extraction efficiency of ethanol decreases to about 85%, while no significant differences are observed for IPA. The enzymatic treatment increases the extraction efficiency for all times, especially for ethanol. It is observed that IPA is more efficient in the extraction compared to ethanol, and the amount of nonlipid material is reduced by ≈70%. In addition, the oil extracted with IPA have lower phospholipid content and the residual meal presents a higher chlorogenic acid content. Practical Applications:This work would contribute toward the use of green solvents in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets. Ethanol and isopropanol, used as solvents, present attractive advantages, including low toxicity, good operational security, as well as being obtained from a renewable source. The obtained data provide up-to-date information on the use of these alcohols in the extraction of sunflower oil from collets and the influence of operating conditions, such as moisture content, enzymatic pretreatment of the collets, and the extraction time. Information about oil and meal quality is also reported.Fil: Rodriguez, Luciana Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería Olavarría. Grupo Tecnologías de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Ethel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Crapiste, Guillermo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Cuando lo Imperceptible Suma, Deja de Serlo

El presente artículo de revisión deriva del ánimo de realizar una aproximación teórica de la discusión que ha tenido origen en la reclamación de derechos por parte de las mujeres y que ha surgido, para comprender que la violencia ejercida en su contra, no es fruto de situaciones aisladas, sino de contextos que involucran a todos y a cada uno de los actores sociales, por tanto, deben ser asumidos de manera conjunta; y, de que manera, la expansión de los conceptos: género, perspectiva y enfoque de género, han permitido el desarrollo legislativo para la consagración en tipo penal de la conducta del femicidio/feminicidio en los países de la región, así como la multiplicidad de pronunciamientos emitidos por diferentes organismos internacionales y los avances jurisprudenciales a nivel nacional, a través de exploración bibliográfica y análisis documental. Concluyendo que, las violencias contra las mujeres y sus desenlaces, fatales o no fatales, emanan de las relaciones históricamente desequilibradas de poder, que conducen a la discriminación e invisibilización en contextos y por motivaciones determinadas de quien las comete.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho Penal y CriminologíaThis review article derives from the aim of carrying out a theoretical approach to the discussion that has originated in the claim for rights by women and that has arisen, to understand that the violence exercised against them is not the result of situations isolated, but from contexts that involve each and every one of the social actors, therefore, they must be assumed jointly; and, in what way, the expansion of the concepts: gender, perspective and gender approach, have allowed the legislative development for the consecration in criminal type of the conduct of femicide/femicide in the countries of the region, as well as the multiplicity of pronouncements issued by different international organizations and jurisprudential advances at the national level, through bibliographic exploration and documentary analysis. Concluding that violence against women and its outcomes, fatal or non-fatal, emanate from historically unbalanced power relations, which lead to discrimination and invisibility in contexts and for specific motivations of those who commit them

New Evidence on Regucalcin, Body Composition, and Walking Ability Adaptations to Multicomponent Exercise Training in Functionally Limited and Frail Older Adults

Background: Regucalcin, or senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), is a Ca2+-binding protein with multiple functions reported in the literature. Physical exercise has been shown to improve aging markers; nevertheless, SMP30 in humans has not been extensively researched. Older adults experience a decline in functional capacity and body composition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multicomponent training (MCT) program on SMP30 and its regulation of walking ability and body composition in functionally limited, frail, and pre-frail older adults. Methods: A total of 34 older adults (aged 80.3 +/- 6.1 years) were divided into an intervention group (IG = 20) and control group (CG = 14). The IG performed a supervised MCT (strength, endurance, balance, coordination, and flexibility) program for 6 months, 3 days per week, whereas the CG continued their normal lives without any specific physical training. SMP30 was analyzed in plasma after 3 and 6 months of MCT, while some physical fitness variables (Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 6-min walk test (6MWT)) and body composition (fat mass and lean mass) were measured at baseline, as well as after 3 months and 6 months of MCT. Results: No significant changes were observed in SPM30 between the IG (877.5 a.u. to 940.5 a.u., respectively) and CG (790.4 a.u. to 763.8 a.u., respectively). Moreover, no SMP30 differences were found between groups after 3 and 6 months of MCT. The IG improved significantly in the 6MWT after 3 months (472.2 +/- 84.2 m) compared to baseline (411.2 +/- 75.2 m). The IG also significantly enhanced their TUG performance after 3 months (7.6 +/- 1.6 s) and 6 months (7.3 +/- 1.8 s) of training compared to baseline (9.3 +/- 3.2 s) (all, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in body composition between the IG and CG through the 6 months of MCT. Conclusions: The present study suggests that MCT did not change SMP30 levels from 3 to 6 months, where there were changes in neither walking ability nor body composition; however, MCT was effective in improving 6MWT and TUG performance from baseline to 3 months

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Sucre y Bolívar

A lo largo del curso se ha trabajado de manera conjunta un tema que ha sido de gran relevancia e importancia en nuestro país como lo es la violencia armada, pero que a raíz de los diferentes contextos en los que estos se han desarrollado, se le ha dado por ende un abordaje diferente a cada uno de ellos. Es importante recalcar que la violencia ha sido hoy por hoy un recurrente en la vida de aquellas familias que han sido sacadas o vulneradas de sus comunidades, pueblos, veredas, municipios y demás, y que por ende han hecho parte del olvido de las generaciones que han estado inmiscuidos como entes territoriales, gubernamentales y nacionales que han estado a cargo de las políticas públicas quienes son los encargados de darle un mejor manejo a esta problemática, cabe destacar que la violencia no es sólo física, hay violencia social, económica, familiar, sexual, entre otras. En este apartado se evidencia el caso de Camilo y el caso de Peñas Coloradas, relatos de vidas que dan cuentan de la poca colaboración o ayuda del estado, vulneración de derechos, falta de recursos, olvido, desalojos de tierras, víctimas de la violencia, perdida de propósito de vida y bienestar psicológico, dolor, desesperanza, pero sobre todo sobrevivientes de una situación que marca su vida por un hecho traumático. Los relatos de violencias le permiten al psicólogo realizar un abordaje psicosocial, estableciendo estrategias desde, la narrativa, lo subjetivo, lo simbólico y la memoria herramientas pertinentes para mejorar hechos traumáticos.Throughout the course, a topic that has been of great relevance and importance in our country, such as armed violence, has been worked on jointly, but as a result of the different contexts in which these have been developed, it has been therefore given a different approach to each of them. It is important to emphasize that violence has today been a recurring feature in the lives of those families that have been removed or violated from their communities, towns, villages, municipalities, and others, and that therefore have been part of the oblivion of the generations that They have been involved as territorial entities, governments and nationals that have been in charge of public policies who are in charge of giving better management to this problem, it should be noted that violence is not only physical, there is social, economic, family violence, sex, among others. In this section we will work with a particular case and it is the case of Camilo and the case of Peñas Coloradas, which was established by its own inhabitants without receiving collaboration or help from the state, but which unfortunately was condemned and censored for collaborating in a way directly and indirectly with a group outside the law, in this case (La Guerrilla), they were also told to market the drug and take advantage of it for their economic development. The stories of violence allow the psychologist to carry out a psychosocial approach, present strategies from the narrative, the subjective, the symbolic and memory, relevant tools to improve traumatic events

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia de los Municipios de Astrea, Curumaní, Pailitas Cesar.

La última etapa del diplomado en escenarios de violencia permite a continuación realizar un análisis a partir de un contexto real, el cual se presenta posteriormente en cada una de estas páginas. Seguidamente la problemática de desmovilización ha permitido a los reinsertados buscar nuevas oportunidades dentro de la sociedad, las cuales les ha permitido abrir caminos y luchas por sus ideales. Es así entonces que la escogencia del caso de Alfredo Ocampo a nivel grupal permite la socialización y análisis de los factores psicosociales que aun afectan al involucrado y como a partir de preguntas se pretende confrontar su situación y sobre todo que acepten una realidad que les ha costado bastante superar. Para dar una profundización en el diplomado y en sus propios contenidos temáticos de acompañamiento psicosocial se debaten las intervenciones en escenario de Violencia, como cierre del mismo por lo cual por medio de la revisión del material lúdico pedagógico propuesto en el mismo se busca analizar desde un contexto real el impacto que ha traído a la sociedad en general la violencia propuesta en el caso de estudio, con el fin de realizar un proceso de intervención a los casos de estudio y poder aportar al desarrollo integral en la restructuración de derechos de las víctimas del conflicto Armado.The last stage of the diploma in scenarios of violence then allows an analysis from a real context, which is presented later in each of these pages. Subsequently, the demobilization problem has allowed the reinserted to seek new opportunities within society, which has allowed them to open paths and struggles for their ideals. Thus, the selection of the Alfredo Ocampo case at the group level allows the socialization and analysis of the psychosocial factors that still affect the person involved and how, based on questions, it is intended to confront their situation and, above all, to accept a reality that has cost them quite overcome. In order to deepen the diploma and its own thematic contents of psychosocial accompaniment, the interventions in the Violence scenario are debated, as a closing of the same, which is why through the review of the recreational educational material proposed in it, it is sought to analyze from a real context the impact that the violence proposed in the case study has brought to society in general, in order to carry out an intervention process to the case studies and to contribute to the integral development in the restructuring of the victims' rights armed conflict

Análisis y propuesta de estrategias para el mejoramiento del clima organizacional en la empresa Finanzas Integrales BM

formato encuestaEn el presente documento pretendemos identificar y proponer estrategitas que permitan mejorar el clima organización de la compañía Finanzas Integrales BM, el cual no ha sido medido y se desconoce el nivel de satisfacción actual. Mejorar el ambiente de trabajo tiene diferentes beneficios no solo para la empresa si no para el trabajador quien encontrara la motivación necesaria para trabajar por los objetivos de la compañía. Después de analizar las tendencias del mercado y la literatura académica sobre la temática se decidió aplicar una metodología de investigación tipo descriptiva cuantitativa con una encuesta dirigida a los trabajadores de la compañía para poder identificar el estado actual del ambiente laboral y poder determinar la hoja de ruta que permita desarrollar estrategias y planes de acción para la mejora del clima organizacional. Con los resultados obtenidos en la encuesta se logra entender los retos que tiene la empresa para mejorar el ambiente laboral. Desde la investigación se realizarán las propuestas correspondientes para que sean revisadas por las directivas de Finanzas Integrales BM, y en el caso en que sean favorables se puedan implementarlas, la cual podrá arrojar como resultado factores positivos, como lo son: la satisfacción del personal y condiciones físicas ambientales favorables, buena comunicación, trabajo en equipo, oportunidades de crecimiento y la autonomía que nos lleva a un liderazgo con compensación y motivación enriquecedora para dar cumplimiento a la misión y la visión de Finanzas Integrales BM.In this document we intend to identify and propose strategies to improve the organizational climate of the company Finanzas Integrales BM, which has not been measured and the current level of satisfaction is unknown. Improving the work environment has different benefits not only for the company but also for the worker who will find the necessary motivation to work for the company's objectives. After analyzing the market trends and the academic literature on the subject, it was decided to apply a quantitative descriptive research methodology with a survey aimed at the company's workers in order to identify the current state of the work environment and determine the roadmap that allows the development of strategies and action plans to improve the organizational climate. With the results obtained in the survey, it was possible to understand the challenges that the company has to improve the work environment. From the investigation, the corresponding proposals will be made so that they are reviewed by the BM Integral Finance directives, and if they are favorable they can be implemented, which may result in positive factors, such as: staff satisfaction and Favorable physical environmental conditions, good communication, teamwork, growth opportunities and autonomy that leads us to leadership with compensation and enriching motivation to fulfill the mission and vision of Finanzas Integrales BM

Miradas colectivas departamento del Caquetá muncipio de Florencia

Bajo la opción de trabajo de grado del Diplomado en Desarrollo Humano y Familia, se despliega este trabajo. Enmarcándose en el Departamento del Caquetá municipio de Florencia, donde sus autores sitúan algunas comunidades con diversas problemáticas sociales, con el objetivo de plantear una propuesta de acompañamiento, con el fin de aminorar, orientar, fomentar conocimiento, concienciar etc., aquello que aqueja a las comunidades elegidas. Esto se realizó a través de herramientas de recolección de información, como la entrevista, árbol de problemas, técnica de observación, diario de campo y registro fotográfico. En base a los datos recolectados se identifican y se prioriza las problemáticas de las comunidades, en este sentido se plantea la propuesta de acompañamiento, con diferentes alternativas, actividades y estrategias como posibles soluciones a las problemáticas de los contextos de las familias y grupos sociales, por consiguiente ser gestores de cambios en pro de su continuo desarrollo humano.Under the option of degree work of the Diploma in Human Development and Family, this work is deployed. Framing itself in the Department of the Caquetá municipality of Florence, where its authors locate some communities with diverse social problems, with the aim of proposing a proposal of accompaniment, in order to reduce, guide, foment knowledge, raise awareness, etc. Communities. This was done through information gathering tools such as interview, problem tree, observation technique, field diary and photographic record. Based on the data collected, the problems of the communities are identified and prioritized. In this sense, the proposal of accompaniment is proposed, with different alternatives, activities and strategies as possible solutions to the problems of the contexts of families and social groups, therefore, be managers of changes in favor of their continuous human development

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Santander.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Santander.En el contexto del Diplomado de Profundización de Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia, se ha reflexionado desde un enfoque narrativo a partir de relatos reales de situaciones de violencia. Se reconocen impactos psicosociales en el contexto de los protagonistas, identificando significados alternos respecto a imágenes dominantes, mediante las voces que revelan posicionamientos subjetivos desde el lugar de la víctima y el sobreviviente, al tiempo que se reconocen apartes que revelan una emancipación discursiva frente a las imágenes de horror de la violencia. Se presenta en el documento una práctica de construcción de preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas, que nos acercan a la realidad de la víctima. Para finalizar se presenta un análisis de caso y formulación de estrategias de abordaje psicosocial en el caso de Cacarica, mediante la identificación de emergentes psicosociales, que han permitido proponer acciones de apoyo en situaciones de crisis y el establecimiento de estrategias psicosociales que facilitan la potenciación de afrontamiento a la situación expresada. Palabras Clave: Crisis, Intervención, Narrativa, Imagen, Violencia, Víctima, Sobreviviente.In the context of the Diploma of Deepening of Psychosocial Accompaniment in Violence Scenarios, it has been reflected from a narrative approach based on real accounts of situations of violence. Psychosocial impacts are recognized in the context of the protagonists, identifying alternate meanings regarding dominant images, through the voices that reveal subjective positions from the place of the victim and the survivor, while recognizing sections that reveal a discursive emancipation against Horror images of violence. The document presents a practice of constructing strategic, circular and reflective questions that bring us closer to the reality of the victim. Finally, a case analysis and formulation of psychosocial approach strategies are presented in the case of Cacarica, through the identification of psychosocial emergencies, which have allowed us to propose support actions in crisis situations and the establishment of psychosocial strategies that facilitate the strengthening of Coping with the expressed situation. Keywords: Crisis, Intervention, Narrative, Image, Violence, Victim, Survivor

Geno-and cytotoxicity induced on Cyprinus carpio by aluminum, iron, mercury and mixture thereof.

Metals such as Al, Fe and Hg are used in diverse anthropogenic activities. Their presence in water bodies is due mainly to domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater discharges and constitutes a hazard for the organisms inhabiting these environments. The present study aimed to evaluate geno- and cyto- toxicity induced by Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals on blood of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Specimens were exposed to the permissible limits in water for human use and consumption according to the pertinent official Mexican norm [official Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994] Al (0.2 mg L 1), Fe (0.3 mg L 1), Hg (0.001 mg L 1) and their mixture for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Bio- markers of genotoxicity (comet assay and micronucleus test) and cytotoxicity (caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay) were evaluated. Significant increases relative to the control group (po0.05) were observed in all biomarkers at all exposure times in all test systems; however, damage was greater when the metals were present as a mixture. Furthermore, correlations between metal concentrations and biomarkers of geno- and cytotoxicity were found only at certain exposure times. In conclusion, Al, Fe, Hg and the mixture of these metals induce geno- and cytotoxicity on blood of C. carpio.CONACyT-Mexico, Project 18154