On the emergence of the Λ{\bf\Lambda}CDM model from self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory in d=5{\bf d= 5}

We investigate whether a self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory in $d=5$ without matter and with a time-dependent metric can describe, after dimensional reduction to $d=4$, the FLRW model with accelerated expansion and non-relativistic matter. By rewriting the effective 4-dimensional theory as an autonomous three-dimensional dynamical system and studying its critical points, we show that the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology cannot emerge from such a model. This result suggests that a richer structure in $d=5$ may be needed to obtain the accelerated expansion as well as the matter content of the 4-dimensional universe.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

The development of Alternaria alternata is prevented by chitinases and ß-1,3- glucanases from Citrus limon seedlings

Indexación: ScieloIn addition to phytoalexin synthesis, the defense response of intact Citrus limon seedlings against Alternaria alternata involves both constitutive and induced enzyme activities such as chitinases (Ch) and ß-1,3-glucanases (Glu). A. alternata conidial germination was prevented by protein extracts from inoculated lemon seedlings, but also by extracts from mock-inoculated specimens. On the other hand, degradation of mycelia was accomplished only by protein extracts from inoculated seedlings. The presence of six Ch isoenzymes and of four Glu isoenzymes was detected in protein extracts from mock-inoculated seedlings. As a result of fungal inoculation, the isoenzyme pattern of Ch and Glu changed, making possible the detection of a new Ch isoenzyme and of three new Glu. Also, some constitutive Ch and Glu increased their enzyme activity, and those Ch that increased their activy also showed a broadening of their substrate specificity. These changes were prevented by a-amanitin and cycloheximide, suggesting that the presence of new Ch and Glu isoenzymes was due to de novo synthesis of proteins. Results suggest that constitutive Ch and Glu could act as pre-formed defense molecules in Citrus limon preventing A. alternata germination, while those induced after fungal inoculation of lemon seedlings could act along with the former, to produce lysis of fungal mycelia, resulting in a more efficient control of A. alternata development.

CLIENTS’ SATISFACTION ON THE FRONTLINE SERVICES OF A GOVERNMENT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The study assessed the clients’ level of satisfaction on the different frontline services provided by government run higher education institution (HEI) external campus in the municipality of Alangalang, Leyte, Philippines. This study is anchored on the Philippine Republic Act Number 9485 which advocates the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007 (ARTA) requiring all government institutions to provide programs and services supportive to strengthening customer satisfaction and enhanced services delivery, educate and equip employees assigned in the frontline service to become more responsive and efficient to clients’ needs. It employed a descriptive survey research design utilizing both the quantitative and qualitative approaches with a self-structured survey instrument. The study adopted the core areas of the Report Card Survey (RCS) of the ARTA; timeliness, knowledge, competence, courtesy, fairness and ethical treatment, service quality, physical setup/layout and basic facilities. Majority of the student respondents belonged to the young adult group represented with ages ranging from 18-21 years, while the faculty and staff, alumni and supplier respondents were young adult (18-35 years old) and were mostly females. Findings revealed that, in general, the students, faculty and staff and alumni were very satisfied with the services provided for by the HEI under study. The area on competence got the highest satisfaction rating while the area on basic facilities got the lowest satisfaction. In conclusion, the government HEI managed to deliver good quality services but with gaps and not enough to earn high satisfaction among its clientele. It is recommended that the management should consider the problems observed and should take necessary mechanisms to improve the satisfaction to its clientele.  Article visualizations

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Estilos de crianza de los padres según adaptación del Parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire en una institución educativa inicial de Chiclayo, 2018

Actualmente observamos mayor participación de ambos padres en la crianza de los hijos, pero no siempre se utiliza un estilo adecuado. Este estudio planteó la necesidad de conocer los estilos de crianza que usan los padres de familia (padres y madres) que tienen niños de 3 a 5 años de edad de una Institución Educativa Privada de Chiclayo a fin de contribuir, con los resultados, a mejorar el Proyecto Familia y el Programa de Escuela de Padres de la institución. La investigación estuvo orientada desde un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario el tipo Likert: Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire de Robinson (1995) que evalúa los estilos de crianza de los padres según el modelo de Baumrind. Para la adaptación y validación del instrumento se consideró validez de expertos y aplicación en muestra piloto. La investigación nos muestra que tanto los padres como las madres utilizan de manera predominante el estilo de crianza autoritativo seguido del estilo permisivo y finalmente el estilo autoritario

Distribution, abundance and biomass of Chaetognaths off São Sebastião region, Brazil in February 1994

The distribution, abundance, biomass, population structure and feeding habits of chaetognaths collected off São Sebastião region, Brazil, in February 1994 are described. Bongo nets were hauled obliquely to collect zooplankton samples. Forty-three samples obtained with the 333 urn mesh were analysed. In this study, 7 chaetognath species belonging to two genera were identified. Sagitta friderici, S. tenuis and S. bipunctata were grouped into the neritic category, and Sagitta enflata, S. hispida, S. minima and Krohnita pacifica into the semi-neritic group. The analysis of the community structure distinguished 3 zones: 1) a nearshore zone evidenced by low richness; 2) an offshore zone evidenced by higher number of species and 3) another offshore zone, located south and south-westward of São Sebastião Island, characterised by higher richness but with dominance of one species. The nearshore zone was dominated by the neritic species S. friderici and S. tenuis, whereas the offshore zone was dominated by S. enflata. Abundance and biomass increase from nearshore toward offshore zones by about two orders of magnitude. Gut content analysis revealed over 90% of empty guts. The chaetognath population was composed mainly of juveniles. The diets among the different chaetognath species was very similar, composed mostly of small copepods and appendicularians.No presente trabalho foram estudados a distribuição, abundância, biomassa, estrutura da população e hábito alimentar dos quetógnatos coletados na região de São Sebastião, Brasil, em fevereiro de 1994. As 43 amostras de zooplâncton utilizadas na elaboração deste trabalho foram obtidas através de arrastos oblíquos usando uma rede Bongô (333 um), providas de fluxômetro. Foram identificadas sete espécies de Chaetognatha pertencentes a dois gêneros. Sagitta friderici, S. tenuis e S. bipunctata foram agrupadas como espécies neríticas, enquanto que Sagitta enflata, S. hispida, S. minima e Krohnita pacifica semi-neriticas. A análise da estrutura da comunidade, mostrou a existência de 3 zonas: 1) zona costeira caracterizada por poucas espécies; 2) zona oceânica com muitas espécies e 3) zona oceânica, ao sul e sudoeste da Ilha de São Sebastião, com muitas espécies, mas predominância de uma espécie. A zona nerítica foi dominada pelas espécies S. friderici e S. tenuis, e a zona oceânica por S.enflata. Abundância e biomassa do grupo aumentou da região costeira para a oceânica. A população foi composta principalmente de jovens. A análise do conteúdo intestinal revelou mais de 90% de indivíduos com o trato digestivo vazio. A dieta das diferentes espécies foi bastante similar, sendo composta principalmente de pequenos copépodos e apendiculários

IP3 production in the hypersensitive response of lemon seedlings against Alternaria alternata involves active protein tyrosine kinases but not a G-protein

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602005000100011&lng=es&nrm=isoIP3 increase and de novo synthesis of scoparone are produced in the hypersensitive response (HR) of lemon seedlings against the fungus Alternaria alternata. To elucidate whether a G-protein and/or a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) are involved in signal transduction leading to the production of such a defensive response, we studied the HR in this plant system after treatment with G-protein activators alone and PTK inhibitors in the presence of fungal conidia. No changes in the level of IP3 were detected in response to the treatment with the G-protein activators cholera toxin or mastoparan, although the HR was observed in response to these compounds as determined by the scoparone synthesis. On the contrary, the PTK inhibitors lavendustin A and 2,5-dihidroxy methyl cinnamate (DHMC) not only prevented the IP3 changes observed in response to the fungal inoculation of lemon seedlings but also blocked the development of the HR. These results suggest that the IP3 changes observed in response to A. alternata require a PTK activity and are the result of a G-protein independent Phospholipase C activity, even though the activation of a G-protein can also lead to the development of a HR. Therefore, it appears that more than one signaling pathway may be activated for the development of HR in lemon seedlings: one involving a G-protein and the other involving a PTK-dependent PLC

Evaluación comparativa del desarrollo integral de las familias beneficiarias con el Programa Productivo Alimentario y las familias no beneficiarias, desde las comunidades Jucuapa Abajo, Jucuapita, Jucuapa los Matus, El cacao, Agua Fría, Jamaica, La labranza. Durante el II semestre del año 2009

El Programa Productivo Alimentario surgió como resultado de experiencias de iniciativas similares que organizaciones no gubernamentales vinculadas al partido (FSLN) Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional habían iniciado durante los últimos quince años en los territorios rurales del país. Es por esta razón que nos planteamos el siguiente tema: Evaluar Comparativamente el desarrollo integral de las familias beneficiadas desde el municipio de Matagalpa durante el II semestre del año 2009 tomando como referencia el núcleo de beneficiadas “Mujeres unidas triunfando” que abarca las comunidades de Jucuapa Abajo, Jucuapita, Jucuapa Los Matus, El Cacao, Agua Fría, Jamaica, La Labranza y las Mesas. A estas mismas comunidades pertenecen las familias no beneficiadas donde se tomaron en cuenta ciertos criterios para poder realizar la comparación. Esta es una investigación correlacional, explicativa científica y transversal, debido a la comparación realizada entre familias beneficiarias y no beneficiarias, se explican los hechos que están dando origen a nuestro problema de investigación, se utilizaron métodos científicos para la obtención de la información como encuestas, guías de observación aplicadas a las familias beneficiadas y no beneficiadas de las comunidades, entrevistas al técnico y al Sr. Luis Torrez delegado departamental del Ministerio Agropecuario Forestal (MAGFOR) y grupos focales dirigidos a las para 51 familias beneficiadas por el bono. Todas estas técnicas antes mencionadas fueron nuestra base primordial para los resultados de nuestra investigación. Llegando a la conclusión que el bono está dando aportes positivos al desarrollo de las familias beneficiadas, permitiéndoles mejorar sus niveles de organización comunitaria y por ende la satisfacción de las necesidades básica

Tinnitus, medial olivocochlear system and music exposure in adolescents

The most common cause of tinnitus is the exposure to noise; in the case of adolescents, music is the main sound source they are exposed to. Currently, one of the hypotheses about the genesis of tinnitus is related to the deterioration in the functioning of the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS). The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of tinnitus in adolescents with normal hearing and to relate it to: (a) the functioning of the MOCS, by the contralateral suppression of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and (b) the musical general exposure (MGE). A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted. The sample was composed by adolescents with ages between 14 and 15. Two questionnaires were administered, one in relation to the subjective report of tinnitus and the other in relation to recreational activities to know the MGE. The results showed that the amplitude of frequencies (1000, 1500, 2000, and 3000 Hz) and global amplitude of TEOAEs, with and without acoustic contralateral stimulation, were higher in the group without tinnitus, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The suppressive effect was higher in the group without tinnitus; however, there was no statistically significant difference. Contrastingly, a significant association (P < 0.05) between exposure to music and tinnitus was observed; 72.41% of the adolescents with high exposure to music had tinnitus.Discussion and Conclusion:The results of the present investigation provide a contribution to the hypothesis of "the participation of the MOCS." Furthermore, a high MGE can be considered a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus.Fil: Hinalaf, María de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Maggi, Ana Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; ArgentinaFil: Hug, Mercedes Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; ArgentinaFil: Kogan, Pablo. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; ArgentinaFil: Perez Villalobo, Jorge Alejandro. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; ArgentinaFil: Biassoni, Ester Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; Argentin

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A new professional arena for Clinical Nurse Specialists and Health Educators

Abstract Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a growing field for health professio- nals in the United States and Latin America. Since the creation of the Center for Comple- mentary and Alternative Medicine at the National Institutes of Health, new modalities of care have gained acceptance and recognition among health providers. Among health providers are nursing personnel and health educators. In the United States, the difference in the role between health educators and nursing personnel is clear. In Latin America such difference is less clear since in many countries the profession of “Health Educator” does not exist and the functions of this professional are taken by nursing personnel. This article discusses the potential role of complementary and alternative medicine for both professions. The American Holistic Nurses Association and professional associations for the certification of health educators have made a call to these health professionals to become more engaged in the understanding and practice of holistic health. Clinical emphasis on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can be a very viable option for clinical nurse specialists (CNS) and Health educators (HE). CAM can be a new professional are- na for these health professionals, especially for those interested in teaching future health providers. Palabras clave: Complementary and alternative medicine, nursing care, health education. Resumen La medicina complementaria y alternativa (CAM) es un área creciente para los profesiona- les de la salud en los Estados Unidos y en America Latina. Desde la creación del Centro de Medicina complementaria y alternativa de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud en los Estados Unidos, nuevas modalidades de cuidado han ganado aceptación y reconocimiento entre los proveedores de servicios de salud. Entre los proveedores de servicios de salud se encuentran el personal de enfermería y los educadores en salud. En los Estados Unidos la diferencia en el rol de los educadores en salud y el professional de enfermería es clara. En America Latina tal diferencia es menos clara ya que en muchos paises la profesión de “Educador en Salud” no existe y las funciones de éste son asumidas por el personal de enfermería. Este articulo discute el papel potencial que la medicina complementaria y alternativa tiene para las dos profesiones. La Asociación Americana de Profesionales de Enfermería Integral y las asociaciones profesionales para los Educadores en Salud en los Estados Unidos han hecho un llamado a estos profesionales de la salud para que sean más activos en el conocimiento y la práctica de la salud integral. El énfasis clinico en CAM puede ser una opción muy viable para los profesionales de enfermería clínica (CNS) y para los educadores en salud (HE). La CAM puede ser una nueva área professional para estos profesionales de la salud, y especialmente para aquellos interesados en enseñar a los proveedores de salud del futuro. Palabras clave: Medicina Complementaria y Alternativa, Cuidado de Enfermería, Educación en Salud