Microwave-assisted extraction of hemicellulosic oligosaccharides and phenolics from Robinia pseudoacacia wood

Financiaciado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGMicrowave-assisted autohydrolysis is an environmentally friendly intensification technology that permits the selective solubilization of hemicelluloses in form of oligosaccharides in a short time and with low energy consumption. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of microwave-assisted autohydrolysis to produce oligosaccharides and phenolics with potential prebiotic and antioxidant activities from Robinia pseudoacacia wood. The influence of treatment time (0–30 min) and temperature (200–230 ◦C) on oligosaccharide production was studied and conditions of 230 ◦C and 0.25 min resulted in maximum content of xylooligosaccharides (7.69 g XO/L) and more efficient energy consumption. Furthermore, under those conditions, liquors showed high contents of phenols (80.28 mg GAE/g of RW) and flavonoids (44.51 RE/g) with significant antioxidant activities (112.07 and 102.30 mg TE/g, measured by ABTS and FRAP tests, respectively). Additionally, the solubilized hemicelluloses were structurally characterized by HPAEC-PAD, MALDI-TOF-MS, FTIR and TGA/DSC, and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 17 phytochemicals.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. PID2019-110031RB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/62-GRCMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. FPU21/02446Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PRE 2020 093359Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. RYC2018-026177-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2022-02

Synergetic effect of hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatments on Robinia wood fractionation for the manufacture of bioethanol and cellulose nanocrystals

This study dealt with the use of environmentally friendly processes based on microwave-assisted autohydrolysis (MAA) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the selective fractionation of Robinia pseudoacacia wood (RW) within a biorefinery approach. MAA enabled the recovery of 76% of hemicelluloses in the form of oligomers. Afterwards, different conditions were assessed for the optimal delignification of RW with the DES choline chloride combined with lactic acid reaching delignification ratios up to 86%. Two different methods were accomplished to valorize the cellulosic-rich solid fraction after delignification: (i) bioethanol via enzymatic-fermentative pathway (attaining 53.3 g ethanol/L, about 83% of ethanol yield), and (ii) cellulose nanocrystals (length of 27–550 nm, width of 2–12 nm). Hence, this study presents a novel multiproduct biorefinery to selectively separate the main components of RW and valorize its cellulosic fraction using eco-friendly proceduresUniversidade de Vigo/CISUGMinisterio de Economía| Ref. PID2019-110031RB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/62-GRCMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. FPU21/02446Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. PRE2020-093359Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RYC2018-026177-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2022-02

Proteomic Studies on the Management of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Mini-Review

Teixit cancerígen; Càncer d'ovaris; ProteòmicaTejido canceroso; Cáncer de ovarios; ProteómicaCancer tissue; Ovarian cancer; ProteomicsHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) remains the most common and deadly subtype of ovarian cancer. It is characterized by its late diagnosis and frequent relapse despite standardized treatment with cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. The past decade has seen significant advances in the clinical management and molecular understanding of HGSC following the publication of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) researchers and the introduction of targeted therapies with anti-angiogenic drugs and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in specific subgroups of patients. We provide a comprehensive review of HGSC, focusing on the most important molecular advances aimed at providing a better understanding of the disease and its response to treatment. We emphasize the role that proteomic technologies are now playing in these two aspects of the disease, through the identification of proteins and their post-translational modifications in ovarian cancer tumors. Finally, we highlight how the integration of proteomics with genomics, exemplified by the work performed by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), can guide the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.This work was supported by the PhD4MD collaborative research program between the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG). The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech) and it is a member of the ProteoRed PRB3 consortium which is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I + D + i 2013–2016 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDF. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CTQ2016-80364-P) and “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017”, SEV-2012-0208; the “Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya” (2017SGR595 and 2017SGR1661), from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI15/02238, PI18/01017, CPII18/00027) and from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad y Fondos FEDER (RTC-2015-3821). We also acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya

Devenires de la Literatura y la Filosofía

Los textos aquí reunidos, que transitan de la filosofía a la literatura y viceversa, son un intento de pensar el devenir no como mero cambio, sino como un proceso inagotable que se opone al principio de no contradicción, que privilegia lo inacabado, lo indiferenciado, lo que se resiste a toda resolución permanente. Por ello mismo es también un devenir cargado de potencia, de posibilidades heterogéneas que pueden permitirnos salir de la Imagen del pensamiento y, así, pensar la diferencia.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

Efectos del riego, magnesio, calcio y boro en la pudricion apical del fruto de tomate (Licopersicon sculentum Mill)

Esta investigación se llevé a cabo en los suelos de la Granja Experimental de la Universidad Tecnológica del Magdalena, localizada en el municipio de Santa Marta; en el segundo semestre de 1982 y a principio del primer semestre de 1983 en condiciones normales. Los diseños empleados fueron 2, un primer ensayo que fue arreglo factorial general con bloque al azar con 4 replicaciones y 15 tratamientos, para un total de 60 parcelas, los tratamientos consistían en aplicar 3 volúmenes diferentes de agua, uno a capacidad de campo, otro por encima de la capacidad de campo y otro por debajo de la capacidad de campo con una frecuencia de riego de 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 días; un segundo ensayo que consistió de un arreglo factorial simple que constó de 4 replicaciones y 8 tratamientos para un total de 32 parcelas (materas), los tratamientos consistieron, en aplicar soluciones diferentes de calcio, magnesio, boro y sus interacciones; se utilizaron las soluciones nutritivas de Hogland. Tomando como testigo la completa. Para evaluar los resultados en el primero y segundo ensayo se tomaron datos de cantidad y peso de frutos de tomates sanos y enfermos; además, en el primer ensayo la cosecha se dividió en tres etapas.En el análisis de varianza mostró diferencia significativa al 5t para producción en los tratamientos, en la frecuencia y en la dosis de agua para el primer ensayo, el segundo ensayo no mostró diferencia significativa para tratamientos. En términos generales, para el primer ensayo se comprobó que la frecuencia de riego y la dosis de agua influyen directamente en la producción, pero no en la mayor o menor severidad de la enfermedad pudrición apical del fruto de tomate. Para el segundo ensayo no hubo diferencia significativa en ninguna de las fuentes de variación y los resultados fueron analizados con base en porcentaje

Survivability of entrapped Lactobacillus rhamnosus in liquid- and gel-core alginate beads during storge and simulated gastrointestinal conditions

L. rhamnosus cells were encapsulated in liquid-core (LCBR) and gel-core (GCBR) calcium alginate beads, and cell survivability under storage conditions and simulated gastrointestinal conditions were evaluated, and compared with that of non-encapsulated cells. The average external diameters of both beads (1.37 - 0.25 mm) were non-significantly dierent, and the average thickness of alginate gelled layer in LCBR was of 0.27 - 0.01 mm. The bacteria entrapped into LCBR tended to gather together forming clusters in the bulk of the liquid phase of the bead, whereas the bacteria entrapped into GCBR were compartmentalized in the gelled bead biopolymer matrix. LCBR showed significant lower hardness and chewiness, higher cohesiveness, and comparable springiness values than GCBR. Cells survivability under storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions was significantly higher in LCBR than in GCBR and for the non-encapsulated free cells

Sequência didática para ensino de cinemática aos alunos do 1º ano de ensino médio

Resumo: O trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou a contribuição de uma sequência didática nas aulas de Física, no ensino de Cinemática, numa turma de 1º ano do Ensino Médio de escola pública em Maués-AM. A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, com realização de estudos bibliográficos. A sequência didática foi aplicada aos alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio da escola campo de estudo no período de agosto a outubro de 2022. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que, a sequência didática realizada sobre Cinemática, com aplicações práticas e experimentos nas aulas de Física no 1º ano do Ensino Médio, contribuiu para o ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos sobre Cinemática, sobretudo nas disciplinas que envolvem cálculos, como Física e Matemática.Palavras-chave: Formação de professores, Sequência didática, Cinemática.

Formação de professores para inclusão escolar na modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos: análise de pesquisas

This systematic review seeks to describe and analyze dissertations and theses that focus on initial and continuing teacher training for inclusion of students with disabilities in the EJA modality, from 2008 to 2016, available at the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and Bank of Dissertations and Thesis of Capes. The descriptors were teacher training, school inclusion, inclusive education, special education, disability, youth and adult education. Nine productions were selected for content analysis. The results pointed out three studies that focused the conception of teachers on their initial and continuous formation process, indicating them insufficient and fragile to work with students with disabilities in the EJA; four studies indicated that continuing education needs to occur in the daily life of the school to meet the needs of the teachers in service and two studies indicated the collaborative work as a strategy to improve teacher training. It was evidenced that the thematic teacher training for school inclusion in the EJA modality has been underprivileged in the productions that dialogue the interface between EJA and Special Education, making it opportune its debate for the advancement of knowledge and discussion on the (re) structuring of curriculums of graduation courses and reconfiguration of programs for continuing education. Esta investigación de revisión sistemática busca describir y analizar disertaciones y tesis que abordan la formación inicial y continuada de profesores para conseguir la inclusión escolar de alumnos con discapacidad en la modalidad de la EJA, en el período de 2008 a 2016,y que están disponibles en el banco de la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones (BDTD) y em el Banco de Disertaciones y Tesis de la Capes. Los descriptores fueron: formación de profesores, formación docente, inclusión escolar, educación inclusiva, educación especial, discapacidad y educación de Jóvenes y Adultos. Se seleccionaron nueve producciones para elanálisis de su contenido. Los resultados apuntaron tres estudios que enfocaron la visión delos profesores sobre sus proceos de formación inicial y continuada,mostrándolos insuficientes e inadecuados para actuar con alumnos con discapacidad en la EJA; cuatro indicaron que la formación continuada necesita ocurrir en el cotidiano de la escuela para atender a las necesidades de los profesores en servicio y dos estudios señalaron el trabajo colaborativo como estrategia para la mejora de la formación de los profesores. Se evidenció que la temática de formación de profesores para la inclusión escolar en la modalidad de la EJA ha sido poco privilegiada en las producciones que tratan sobre la conexión entre la EJA y la Educación Especial, haciendo oportuno su debate para el avance de conocimientos y la discusión sobre la (re) estructuración de currículos de cursos de licenciaturas y la  reconfiguración de programas para la formación continuada.Esta pesquisa de revisão sistemática buscou descrever e analisar dissertações e teses que tematizassem sobre a formação inicial e continuada de professores para inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência na modalidade da EJA, no período de 2008 a 2016, disponibilizadas no banco de Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Brasileiras (BDTD) e Banco de Dissertações e Teses da Capes. Os descritores foram: formação de professores, formação docente, inclusão escolar, educação inclusiva, educação especial, deficiência, educação de Jovens e Adultos. Foram selecionadas nove produções para análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que três estudos focalizaram a concepção de professores sobre seu processo de formação inicial e continuada, indicando-os insuficientes e frágeis para atuar com alunos com deficiência na EJA; quatro indicaram que a formação continuada precisaria ocorrer no cotidiano da escola para atender as necessidades dos professores em serviço e dois estudos sinalizaram o trabalho colaborativo como estratégia para melhoria da formação dos professores. Evidenciou-se que a temática, formação de professores para inclusão escolar na modalidade de EJA, tem sido pouco privilegiada nas produções que dialogam a interface entre EJA e Educação Especial, tornando oportuno seu debate para o avanço de conhecimentos e discussão sobre a (re)estruturação de currículos de cursos de licenciaturas e reconfiguração de programas para a formação continuada

Environmental Epigenetics and Obesity

In recent years, increasing interest on the effects of dietary components on epigenetic processes and, consequently, on the regulation of gene expression and metabolic responses has led clinical efforts worldwide to approach obesity. When inadequate, food consumption leads to chronic and non-communicable diseases (CNCD) including obesity. Among the dynamic changes in cellular responses by nutritional interventions, epigenetic control represents a master regulator underlying both positive and negative effects of diet on body mass, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and microRNA expression signatures. Indeed, mechanistical studies of the relationship between environment, diet and differential epigenetic landscapes are gaining attention on functional pathways involved in cell growth, DNA-repair, lipogenesis, senescence, inflammation, tumor suppression, apoptosis and oncogenesis. Being the dynamic interplay between epigenetics and obesity so complex, moreover considering a detrimental environment context, this chapter will discuss the state-of-the-art evidence showing the pollution impact on the different epigenetic mechanisms regulating an obese phenotype, and how these molecular events determine the organic interplay upon metabolic alterations, and finally we will introduce recent epidrugs and biocompounds of therapeutic interests due to their potential to modulate and even revert obesity-inducing epigenetic mechanisms

Role of eprinomectin as inhibitor of the ruminant ABCG2 transporter: Effects on plasma distribution of danofloxacin and meloxicam in sheep

6 p.Therapeutic outcome results of the coadministration of several drugs in veterinary medicine is affected by, among others, the relationship between drugs and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as ABCG2. ABCG2 is an efflux protein involved in the bioavailability and milk secretion of drugs. The aim of this work was to determine the role of eprinomectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) member of avermectin class, as inhibitor of ABCG2. The experiments were carried out through in vitro inhibition assays based on mitoxantrone accumulation and transport assays in ovine ABCG2 transduced cells using the antimicrobial drug danofloxacin and the anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam, both widely used in veterinary medicine and well known ABCG2 substrates. The inhibition results obtained showed that eprinomectin was an efficient in vitro ABCG2 inhibitor, tested in mitoxantrone accumulation assays. In addition, this ML decreased ovine ABCG2-mediated transport of danofloxacin and meloxicam. To evaluate the role of eprinomectin in systemic exposure of drugs, pharmacokinetic assays based on subcutaneous coadministration of eprinomectin with danofloxacin (1.25 mg/kg) or meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) in sheep were performed obtaining a significant increase of systemic exposure of these drugs. Especially relevant was the increase of the systemic concentration of meloxicam, since coadministration with eprinomectin increased significantly the plasma concentration of meloxicam, obtaining an increase of AUC (0-72 h) value of more than 40%