La fécondité légitime à San Pedro del Mojôn (1871-1936)

The family reconstitution method is used for analysing legitimate fertility in a représentative rural parish in Costa Rica's central plateau area. Natural fertility rates are observed to be average. A breakdown of the time series seems to indicate a fertility decline, in particular after 1905, when a decrease is noted in lifetime fertility. However, other measures, such as the legitimate fertility level of women aged 20-24, seem to indicate instead that birth control is not yet used. The author leaves the question open, but suggests that the presence of a larger number of craftsmen and professionals at the end of the period of observation may acdount for the fertility decline. The results of this family reconstitution cast doubt on the assertion that fertility in Costa Rica has decreased since 1960.L'auteur applique la méthode de la reconstitution des familles pour analyser la fécondité légitime dans une paroisse rurale représentative du plateau central du Costa Rica. L'analyse des données montre des taux de fécondité de niveau moyen, dans le cadre de la fécondité naturelle. Mais, le découpage chronologique suggère que la fécondité diminue ; surtout à partir de 1905 où l'on observe une réduction de la descendance complète. Mais d'autres mesures, telles que le niveau de fécondité légitime des femmes âgées de 20 à 24 ans, indiquent plutôt que la population ne pratique pas encore le contrôle des naissances. L'auteur ne se prononce pas, mais il suggère que la diminution de la fécondité pourrait être causée par la présence d'un groupe plus nombreux d'artisans et des membres des professions libérales à la fin de la période d'observation. Les résultats de la reconstitution des familles doivent jeter des doutes sur l'affirmation d'une diminution de la fécondité au Costa Rica à partir de 1960.Perez Brignoli Hector. La fécondité légitime à San Pedro del Mojôn (1871-1936). In: Annales de démographie historique, 1986. Démographie historique en Amérique Latine. pp. 59-79

La démographie historique en Amérique Latine : à la découverte d'une problématique spécifique

Bideau Alain, Perez Brignoli Hector. La démographie historique en Amérique Latine : à la découverte d'une problématique spécifique. In: Annales de démographie historique, 1986. Démographie historique en Amérique Latine. pp. 7-10

Los Métodos de la Historia. Introducción a los problemas, métodos y técnicas de la historia demográfica, económica y social.

439p

Business Process Adaptability Metrics for QoS-Based Service Compositions

Part 1: Research TrackInternational audienceModern service-oriented software applications, like those envisioned in cloud computing scenarios, operate in highly dynamic and often unpredictable environments that can degrade their quality of service. Therefore, it is increasingly important to efficiently and effectively manage the adaptation of such service compositions while guaranteeing quality attributes, such as availability, performance or cost. Within this context, software metrics to quantify the adaptability of a business process in orchestrating distributed services are highly demanded in conjunction with techniques for evaluating other system quality attributes. This paper proposes a set of software metrics to quantify the adaptability of a service-oriented application when services are composed dynamically trough a business process. The paper also proposes an approach for analyzing tradeoffs between the application adaptability and a quality of service such as availability. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated through a case study carried out with a tool we have developed

Epidemiology of adult patients with atopic dermatitis in AWARE 1: A second international survey

Background: There are gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of AD in adults from countries/regions within Asia, Eurasia, Latin America, Middle East, and Russia. Methods: This international, web-based survey was performed in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Hong Kong, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. Questionnaires were sent to adult members of online respondent panels for determination of AD and assessment of severity. A diagnosis of AD required respondents to meet the modified United Kingdom (UK) Working Party criteria and to self-report they had a physician diagnosis of AD. Severity of AD was determined using Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Patient Global Assessment (PGA). Results: Among respondents by country/region the prevalence of AD ranged from 3.4% in Israel to 33.7% in Thailand. The prevalence was generally higher in females versus males. Severity varied by scale, although regardless of scale the proportion of respondents with mild and moderate disease was higher than severe disease. PGA consistently resulted in the lowest proportion of severe AD (range 2.4% China – 10.8% Turkey) relative to PO-SCORAD (range 13.4% China – 41.6% KSA) and POEM (range 5.1% China – 16.6% Israel). Conclusions: This survey highlights the importance of AD in adults, with high prevalence and high morbidity among respondents and emphasizes that AD is not just a disease of childhood—there is disease persistence and chronicity in adults