Factores que afectan la rentabilidad de los fondos del sistema privado de pensiones; un análisis para el periodo: 1994-2014

La presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo determinar los factores que afectan significativamente a la rentabilidad del sistema privado de pensiones. Esta determinación, se realizará a través de una base econométrica que permita sustentar formalmente cuales son dichos factores. Teniendo en cuenta el contexto económico que interviene en la evolución del sistema previsional, en el cual se detectan shocks repentinos (crisis, cambio de gobierno, etc.) que alteran el comportamiento de la rentabilidad del mismo es que, se ha creído pertinente utilizar datos de panel, incluyendo el método de efectos clásicos y aleatorios; dado que estos, describe de manera más específica todos los efectos económicos existentes dentro del modelo. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se utilizó data secundaria proveniente de la base de datos del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú y la Superintendencias de Banca y Seguros sobre las variables Producto Bruto Interno del sector minero (PBI), Índice General de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (IGBVL), Valor de fondo administrado por Administradora de Fondos de pensiones –AFP, Número de afiliados por AFP, Tasa pasiva de interés del sistema financiero, Bonos corporativos, Índice de concentración del mercado (HHI). Así mismo, se incorporará dos variables dicotómicas (Dummy), la primera reflejará la presencia de crisis Internacionales (shocks) y la segunda representará el cambio del límite de inversión en el extranjero. Los resultados obtenidos aceptan la hipótesis planteada en esta investigación es decir las variables mencionadas anteriormente afectan de forma significativa a la rentabilidad

Marfan syndrome with a complex chromosomal rearrangement including deletion of the FBN1 gene

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The majority of Marfan syndrome (MFS) cases is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene (<it>FBN1</it>), mapped to chromosome 15q21.1. Only few reports on deletions including the whole <it>FBN1 </it>gene, detected by molecular cytogenetic techniques, were found in literature.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report here on a female patient with clinical symptoms of the MFS spectrum plus craniostenosis, hypothyroidism and intellectual deficiency who presents a 1.9 Mb deletion, including the <it>FBN1 </it>gene and a complex rearrangement with eight breakpoints involving chromosomes 6, 12 and 15.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This is the first report of MFS with a complex chromosome rearrangement involving a deletion of <it>FBN1 </it>and contiguous genes. In addition to the typical clinical findings of the Marfan syndrome due to <it>FBN1 </it>gene haploinsufficiency, the patient presents features which may be due to the other gene deletions and possibly to the complex chromosome rearrangement.</p

Genetic variation of cork oak a tool for improving regeneration of cork oak woodlands

The European Academies' Science Advisory Council (2017) reports that the Mediterranean forest is already being affected by climate change (IPCC, 2014) and cork oak woodlands are particularly vulnerable to high-end climate scenarios that go above the Paris Agreement 2° C increase in temperature. Since longer, more frequent, and more intense drought periods are expected, stress caused by the expansion of arid and semi-arid climate will affect the species distribution. Consequently, not only established stands may be prone to tree mortality, but also the current reforestation effort may be jeopardized by low survival rates attributed to the use of unsuitable genetic material. It is expected that, through genetic adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity, cork oak populations may have developed significant differences in fitness and the traits related to it. In this context, provenance and progeny trials are the best resource of material to assess the variability between and within populations from seed sources sampled in a wide range of locations (stands) covering the geographical distribution of the species. Profiting from the multi-locality provenance and progeny trials belonging to a Network, established in 1998, in the initiative frame of FAIR I CT 0202 for the evaluation of genetic resources of cork oak for appropriate use in breeding and gene conservation strategies”, where 35 cork oak populations covering all the natural distribution area are represented. The provenance trials that where set up in different countries are entering now the age of first debarking and this should allow to have first data about the influence of genetics on production by different site qualities. INCREDIBLE project should document this knowledgeFAIR I CT 0202info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Geografia Política No Ensino e as Novas Possibilidades de Abordagens Sociais

O ensino de geografia passa ser um dos componentes curriculares mais importantes na geografia, o fato é relacionado cada fez mais a importância da política na vida social, nesse sentido, a nossa problemática é como o ensino de geografia política encontra-se no momento contemporâneo, qual é o âmbito de preocupações deve ser ter em mente. Tem-se como objetivo compreender a geografia política e seu período de formação, analisar o ensino de geografia política em sua agenda atual de preocupações. A metodologia será de cunho bibliográfico para a análise dos fatos

A GEOGRAFIA MILITAR NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

MILITARY GEOGRAPHY IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZONLA GEOGRAFÍA MILITAR EN AMAZONIA BRASILEÑANascida na geografia do comércio, a geografia militar tem sua origem, assim como o conhecimento geográfico, com a presença humana na superfície, através de sua forma mais concreta, pelos mapas desenhados em cavernas pelo homem. Nesse sentido, existe uma geografia militar dentro da análise geográfica. Tendo em vista essa problemática, ter-se-á como análise a sua localização temporal e a sua existência e importância para a Amazônia. Portanto, existe uma geografia militar e ela se diferencia da geopolítica, não é, pois, sinônima desta. A propósito, diante de uma geografia militar, pretendeu-se examinar as formas de existência por meio das questões amazônicas. A metodologia será baseada em estudos teóricos, que serviram para fundamentar e justificar a sua existência, ou seja, feito por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Geografia Militar; Geoestratégia; Amazônia.ABSTRACTBeen born with the geography of the trade the military geography has its origin as well as the geographical knowledge with the human presence in the surface through its more concrete form by the maps drawn in caves by the man, in this sense that form exists a military geography inside the analyzes geographical, having in mind this problematic will have as it analyze its temporal location and in the second its existence and importance for Amazon, therefore, our objective will be direcionared by demonstrates that there is a military geography and that she differentiates from the geopolitics, therefore, not being synonymous of the same to analyze the existence forms through the amazon matters in front of a military geography the methodology will be based on theoretical that served of base for to justify its existence, therefore, done through an analysis of a bibliographical research.Keywords: Military Geography; Geostrategy; Amazon.RESUMENNacida en la geografía del comercio, la geografía militar tiene su origen, así como el conocimiento geográfico con la presencia humana en la superficie a través de su forma más concreta por los mapas dibujados en cuevas por el hombre. En ese sentido, existe una geografía militar dentro del análisis geográfico, teniendo en vista esta problemática se tendrá como análisis su ubicación temporal y un segundo análisis en su existencia e importancia para la Amazonia. Por lo tanto, los objetivos orientados demuestran que existe una geografía militar y que ella se diferencia de la geopolítica, siendo así, no siendo sinónimo de la misma analizar las formas de existencia por medio de las cuestiones amazónicas ante una geografía militar. La metodología se basará en teóricos que sirvieron para fundamentar y justificar su existencia, por consiguiente, hecha por medio de un análisis de una investigación bibliográfica. Palabras clave: Geografía Militar; Geoestrategia; Amazônia

Actions for the confirmation of the continuous improvement plan for the Educational Program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMéx

The strategic plan for continuous improvement, through analysis, informs whichever adjustment that should be carried out in the monitoring and contrast by academic year, integrating and monitoring the performance indicators. In this way, the performance of graduates in society can be identified qualitatively and quantitatively as a function of the performance of different processes that impact the training of the student. Additionally, it guarantees to interested groups that the educational program of the Chemical Engineering Degree, and its curricular committee, add value to their graduated students, whose social responsibility impacts societyThe objective of this work was to reflect on the responsibility that the educational program in Chemical Engineering at UAEMex has in translating its intentions into actions, as well as establishing an organised process for continuous planning and systemic evaluation which is reflected in a continuous improvement plan. This process entails the inclusion of tools that permit the evaluation or self-evaluation of the measurements and forms in which the educational program is improving its actions in achieving the criteria established by the acreditory organisation Consejo de Acreditación de la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería (CACEI) (Accreditation Board for the Teaching of Engineering) in their Marco de Referencia (Frame of Reference) 2018 in the international contex

High incidence of tuberculosis in patients treated for hepatitis C chronic infection

AbstractBrazil is one of the 22 countries that concentrates 80% of global tuberculosis cases concomitantly to a large number of hepatitis C carriers and some epidemiological risk scenarios are coincident for both diseases. We analyzed tuberculosis cases that occurred during α-interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C in reference centers in Brazil between 2001 and 2012 and reviewed their medical records. Eighteen tuberculosis cases were observed in patients submitted to hepatitis C α-interferon-based therapy. All patients were human immunodeficiency virus-negative. Nine patients (50%) had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; 15 (83%) showed significant liver fibrosis. Hepatitis C treatment was discontinued in 12 patients (67%) due to tuberculosis reactivation and six (33%) had sustained virological response. The majority of patients had a favorable outcome but one died. Considering the evidences of α-IFN interference over the containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immune impairment of cirrhotic patients, the increase of tuberculosis case reports during hepatitis C treatment with atypical and severe presentations and the negative impact on sustained virological response, we think these are strong arguments for latent tuberculosis infection screening before starting α-interferon-based therapy for any indication and even to consider IFN-free regimens against hepatitis C when a patient tests positive for latent tuberculosis infection

Trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi enhances the adhesion properties and fibronectin-driven migration of thymocytes

In experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections, severe thymic atrophy leads to release of activated CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells to the periphery. In humans, activated DP T cells are found in the blood in association with severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease. The mechanisms underlying the premature thymocyte release during the chagasic thymic atrophy remain elusive. We tested whether the migratory properties of intrathymic thymocytes are modulated by the parasite trans-sialidase (TS). We found that TS affected the dynamics of thymocytes undergoing intrathymic maturation, and these changes were accompanied by an increase in the number of recent DP thymic emigrants in the peripheral lymphoid organs. We demonstrated that increased percentages of blood DP T cell subsets were associated with augmented antibody titers against TS in chagasic patients with chronic cardiomyopathy. In vitro studies showed that TS was able to activate the MAPK pathway and actin filament mobilization in thymocytes. These effects were correlated with its ability to modulate the adhesion of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells and their migration toward extracellular matrix. These findings point to effects of TS that could influence the escape of immature thymocytes in Chagas disease.Fil: Nardy, Ana Flávia F.R.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Silva Filho, Joao Luiz da. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Perez, Ana Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Meis, Juliana de. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Farias de Oliveira, Désio Aurélio. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Penha, Luciana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Isadora de Araújo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Dias, Wagner B.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Todeschini, Adriane. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Freire de Lima, Célio Geraldo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Bellio, Maria. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Caruso Neves, Celso. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Pinheiro, Ana Acácia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Takiya, Christina Maeda. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Bottasso, Oscar Adelmo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Savino, Wilson. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Morrot, Alexandre. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Segmento de papel para imprimir e escrever

Bibliografia: p. 31Este trabalho focaliza os papéis para imprimir e escrever do tipo commodity offset (papéis não-revestidos), distinguindo os papéis a base de celulose. que concentram grande parte da indústria brasileira de papéis para imprimir e escrever, daqueles a base de pastas mecânicas. Em 1990 o mundo consumiu 12,7 milhões de toneladas de não-revestidos a base de pasta mecânica e 33.1 milhões de toneladas a base de celulose. No Brasil e no mundo. o maior mercado consumidor é a indústria de formulários contínuos. principalmente em razão da evolução da tecnologia de escritórios. A matéria-prima utilizada para fabricação desses papéis, no caso brasileiro, é a celulose de fibra curta, proveniente quase em sua totalidade do eucalipto e que tem conquistado espaços antes reservados a fibra longa. Suas características e reduzido tempo de maturação constituem os principais fatores de competição da indústria nacional, tanto que o Brasil tornou-se o 5º exportador mundial de papéis não-revestidos a base de celulose. Embora relevantes avanços tecnológicos venham sendo incorporados a produção do eucalipto através da biotecnologia e engenharia genética, o preço do papel a base de pasta mecânica é cerca de 20% menor que o do papel commodity a base de celulose. A estrutura da indústria nacional, onde atuam predominantemente grupos privados brasileiros, reflete o padrão mundialmente vigente. Constituem barreiras a entrada no segmento a escala mínima elevada e os altos investimentos, a rede de comercialização e a disponibilidade de base florestal. Trata-se de um oligopólio que baseia sua estratégia competitiva em vantagem de custo. Apenas três empresas respondem por 85% da produção nacional de offset, mas a configuração do setor está sendo inteiramente alterada com a entrada de novos grandes projetos. Dada a discreta diferenciação (gramatura, alvura. etc.) dos muitos tipos de papel deste segmento, suas aplicações podem ocorrer em finalidades comuns, é esperado o aumento da demanda por papel tipo offset cortado para impressão devido aos novos modelos de impressora, bem como a sua utilização nas máquinas fax em substituição ao papel térmico. Parcela considerável da produção nacional (62%) destina-se ao consumo interno. Apesar do baixo consumo per capita, a taxa média de crescimento da produção física pode ser considerada excepcional se comparada ao crescimento do PIB (9% a.a. contra 5.5% entre 1970 e 1989). O movimento de ampliação da capacidade interna e os investimentos mundiais recentes remetem a análise da estratégia do segmento nacional de papéis para imprimir e escrever para a e avaliação da sua competitividade no mercado externo. São considerados aspectos relativos a eficiência do segmento nacional tais como o atendimento a exigência do consumidor final, a importância da rede de distribuição e as pressões dos ambientalistas. Configura-se, assim, como um desafio para a indústria nacional, o bom atendimento a seu cliente a um menor custo

Prevalence of smoking and incidence of initiation in the Latin American adult population: the PLATINO study

Background: the PLATINO project was launched in 2002 in order to study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Latin America. Because smoking is the main risk factor for COPD, detailed data on it were obtained. the aim of this paper was to evaluate the prevalence of smoking and incidence of initiation among middle-aged and older adults (40 years or older). Special emphasis was given to the association between smoking and schooling.Methods: PLATINO is a multicenter study comprising five cross-sectional population-based surveys of approximately 1,000 individuals per site in São Paulo (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), Mexico City (Mexico), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Caracas (Venezuela). the outcome variable was smoking status (never, former or current). Current smokers were those who reported to smoke within the previous 30 days. Former smokers were those who reported to quit smoking more than 30 days before the survey. Using information on year of birth and age of smoking onset and quitting, a retrospective cohort analysis was carried out. Smoking prevalence at each period was defined as the number of subjects who started to smoke during the period plus those who were already smokers at the beginning of the period, divided by the total number of subjects. Incidence of smoking initiation was calculated as the number of subjects who started to smoke during the period divided by the number of non-smokers at its beginning. the independent variables included were sex, age and schooling.Results: Non-response rates ranged from 11.1% to 26.8%. the prevalence of smoking ranged from 23.9% (95% CI 21.3; 26.6) in São Paulo to 38.5% (95% CI 35.7; 41.2) in Santiago. Males and middle-aged adults were more likely to smoke in all sites. After adjustment for age, schooling was not associated with smoking. Using retrospective cohort analysis, it was possible to detect that the highest prevalence of smoking is found between 20-29 years, while the highest incidence is found between 10-19 years. Age of smoking onset tended to decline over time among females.Conclusion: the prevalence of smoking varied considerably across sites, but was lower among countries with national anti-smoking campaigns.Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, BrazilUniv Republica, Montevideo, UruguayInst Nacl Enfermedades Resp, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, ChileCent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, VenezuelaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc