Sobre la usura en contratos de crédito al consumo. «Sygma Mediatis»: un mal precedente, una pésima doctrina, un nefasto augurio

El Tribunal Supremo ha declarado usurario un crédito revolving que establecía una TAE del 24,6%. Para ello, se ha separado de toda su anterior doctrina jurisprudencial relativa a la usura. A lo largo de este artículo analizaremos los cambios y consecuencias que comporta esta sentencia

Sobre la usura en contratos de crédito al consumo. «Sygma Mediatis»: un mal precedente, una pésima doctrina, un nefasto augurio

El Tribunal Supremo ha declarado usurario un crédito revolving que establecía una TAE del 24,6%. Para ello, se ha separado de toda su anterior doctrina jurisprudencial relativa a la usura. A lo largo de este artículo analizaremos los cambios y consecuencias que comporta esta sentencia.The Spanish Supreme Court has declared usurious a revolving credit that established an APR of 24.6%. To that end, the Supreme Court has rejected its whole previous doctrine on usury. In this article we will analyze the changes and the consequences that this sentence entails

A–C Estrogens as Potent and Selective Estrogen Receptor-Beta Agonists (SERBAs) to Enhance Memory Consolidation under Low-Estrogen Conditions

Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) is a drug target for memory consolidation in postmenopausal women. Herein is reported a series of potent and selective ERβ agonists (SERBAs) with in vivo efficacy that are A–C estrogens, lacking the B and D estrogen rings. The most potent and selective A–C estrogen is selective for activating ER relative to seven other nuclear hormone receptors, with a surprising 750-fold selectivity for the β over α isoform and with EC50s of 20–30 nM in cell-based and direct binding assays. Comparison of potency in different assays suggests that the ER isoform selectivity is related to the compound’s ability to drive the productive conformational change needed to activate transcription. The compound also shows in vivo efficacy after microinfusion into the dorsal hippocampus and after intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mg/kg) or oral gavage (0.5 mg/kg). This simple yet novel A–C estrogen is selective, brain penetrant, and facilitates memory consolidation

¿Por qué y cómo medir la presión arterial en perros y gatos conscientes?

La de nición de una Presión arterial (PA) normal en perros y gatos es difícil, ya que puede haber variaciones dependiendo de la especie, sexo, edad y la raza; así que los valores deben de interpretarse en base a las características especí cas del paciente y de la condición siológica o patológica presente. En la literatura se han reportado rangos de normalidad para la PAS de 110 a 160 mmHg, y para la PA diastólica de entre 55 a 110 mmHg en los perros; y para los gatos 120 a 160 mmHg de PA sistólica y de 70 a 120 mmHg de PAD. En los perros y gatos conscientes los valores de PAS son los que se utilizan como referencia de la PA, esto debido a que la primera técnica utilizada para medir la PA de forma no invasiva fue el sistema Doppler con el que generalmente solo es posible medir la PAS; además es raro existan alteraciones de la PAD de forma aislada. Cabe mencionar que en el monitoreo trans-anestésico la PA media es el principal indicador de la PA

Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Cycloheptylphenols as Selective Estrogen Receptor-β Agonists (SERBAs)

A short and efficient route to 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cycloheptanemethanol was developed, which resulted in the preparation of a mixture of 4 stereoisomers. The stereoisomers were separated by preparative HPLC, and two of the stereoisomers identified by X-ray crystallography. The stereoisomers, as well as a small family of 4-cycloheptylphenol derivatives, were evaluated as estrogen receptor-beta agonists. The lead compound, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cycloheptanemethanol was selective for activating ER relative to seven other nuclear hormone receptors, with 300-fold selectivity for the β over α isoform and with EC50 of 30–50 nM in cell-based and direct binding assays

Analysing and selecting world games for scientific and mathematical education

Monográfico: Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas. Coordinado por Alicia Fernandez Oliveras y María Luis Oliveras Contreas. Universidad de GranadaRecepción: 12 de abril de 2015 | Revisión: 30 de mayo de 2015 | Aceptación/Publicación: 24 de julio de 2015Correspondencia: [email protected] | [email protected] | [email protected] través del presente trabajo pretendemos mostrar la utilidad del juego considerado como un método y un recurso para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias y las matemáticas. El proceso de selección que ha dado lugar al catálogo general de juegos que mostramos se ha llevado a cabo de manera experimental, jugando desde una perspectiva científica y matemática para descubrir el potencial que estos juegos del mundo encierran. Hemos analizado juegos de diversas culturas, algunos de los cuales son ancestrales y se encuentran en peligro de desaparición, como parte de tradiciones culturales que son dignas de ser preservadas. Otros son originarios de grupos actuales que han desarrollado juegos. Con el trabajo resumido en este artículo hemos apreciado que la práctica de estos juegos es beneficiosa para los sujetos, que mejoran su actitud mostrándose más optimistas y felices jugando.Through this work we intend to show the utility of play considered as a method and a resource for teaching and learning science and mathematics. The game selection process that has led to the generic catalogue of games that we are presenting has been done experimentally, playing from a scientific and mathematical perspective to discover the potential that these cultural games contain. We have analysed ancestral games of diverse cultures that are about to disappear and have a cultural tradition worthy of being preserved. With the work summarised in this article we have seen that the practice of these games is beneficial to the subjects, whose attitude improves-becoming more optimistic and happier when playing.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

Reproductive biology of the freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens in Tabasco, Mexico/Biología reproductiva del tambor de agua dulce Aplodinotus grunniens en Tabasco, México

Aplodinotus grunniens supports a sustained artisanal shery in the Usumacinta River; however, there are few studies to understand the population dynamics of the species. Relevant aspects of the reproductive biology were documented over an annual cycle, using 593 specimens captured with seine nets. The results indicate that females had a median TL of 32.05 cm, while males had 29.71 cm. The estimated sex ratio was 1.2:1 (males: females). The length-weight relationship showed signicant dierence between sexes, observing an allometric-type growth represented by TW=0.0013(TL)3.5985 with 89.17 % of the data variability explained by the model. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in females was higher in September (4.29), with males displaying a higher GSI in October (1.02). The highest HSI increase in females was observed in October (1.0). The estimated relative fecundity was 138.74 (± 74.30) oocytes/g of female weight. The macroscopic analysis of gonads indicates that the highest frequency of mature females occurs in June (75 %), while in males it takes place in March and June (35 %). The estimated L50 for females was 31.89 cm (TL) and 28.78 cm (TL) for males. Though A. grunniens reproduces throughout the year, reproductive peaks coincide with the period when the river level decreases, and shing increases considerably. Hence, preventive measures must be applied in regards to the size of the species at capture and the exploitation volumes of this resource

Differences in biochemical, gas exchange and hydraulic response to water stress in desiccation tolerant and sensitive fronds of the fern Anemia caffrorum

Desiccation tolerant plants can survive extreme water loss in their vegetative tissues. The fern Anemia caffrorum produces desiccation tolerant (DT) fronds in the dry season and desiccation sensitive (DS) fronds in the wet season, providing a unique opportunity to explore the physiological mechanisms associated with desiccation tolerance. Anemia caffrorum plants with either DT or DS fronds were acclimated in growth chambers. Photosynthesis, frond structure and anatomy, water relations and minimum conductance to water vapour were measured under well-watered conditions. Photosynthesis, hydraulics, frond pigments, antioxidants and abscisic acid contents were monitored under water deficit. A comparison between DT and DS fronds under well-watered conditions showed that the former presented higher leaf mass per area, minimum conductance, tissue elasticity and lower CO2 assimilation. Water deficit resulted in a similar induction of abscisic acid in both frond types, but DT fronds maintained higher stomatal conductance and upregulated more prominently lipophilic antioxidants. The seasonal alternation in production of DT and DS fronds in A. caffrorum represents a mechanism by which carbon gain can be maximized during the rainy season, and a greater investment in protective mechanisms occurs during the hot dry season, enabling the exploitation of episodic water availability.This work was supported by the projects CTM2014-53902-C2-1-P from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and PGC2018-093824-B-C41/PGC2018-093824-B-C44 from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU, Spain) and the ERDF; and the Basque Government (grant UPV/EHU IT-1018-16, Spain). MN was supported by the MINECO and the European Social Fund (predoctoral fellowship BES-2015-072578). AVP-C was supported by the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (MECD; pre-doctoral fellowship FPU-02054). MIA was supported by a pre-doctoral grant from the Basque Government. We thank the technical support for microscopy preparation provided by the Universitat de Valencia (Seccio de Microscopia Electrnica, SCSIE), Dr. Ferran Hierro (UIB, Serveis Cientificotecnics) and Margalida Roig Oliver (UIB). JMF provided funding for work conducted in South Africa from her South African Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Research Chair, grant no. 9840

Incorporating pressure–volume traits into the leaf economics spectrum

In recent years, attempts have been made in linking pressure–volume parameters and the leaf economics spectrum to expand our knowledge of the interrelationships among leaf traits. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the coordination of the turgor loss point and associated traits with net CO2 assimilation (An) and leaf mass per area (LMA). We measured gas exchange, pressure–volume curves and leaf structure in 45 ferns and angiosperms, and explored the anatomical and chemical basis of the key traits. We propose that the coordination observed between mass-based An, capacitance and the turgor loss point (πtlp) emerges from their shared link with leaf density (one of the components of LMA) and, specially, leaf saturated water content (LSWC), which in turn relates to cell size and nitrogen and carbon content. Thus, considering the components of LMA and LSWC in ecophysiological studies can provide a broader perspective on leaf structure and function.Publishe

Evaluation of the Program of Prevention and Attention to the Suicide Conduct in less than 15 years old in the municipality Guantánamo

Se realiza una evaluación táctica del Programa de Prevención y Atención a la Conducta Suicida en el menor de 15 años en el Municipio Guantánamo en el año 2012 cuyo universo está constituido por el total de intentos suicidas ocurridos (n=44) en el período antes mencionado y procedentes de todas las áreas de salud del municipio. Se evaluaron los indicadores de estructura, proceso y resultados del programa, mediante la utilización de criterios, indicadores y estándares. Muchos de los indicadores evaluados en el estudio sobre todo los relacionados con el proceso asistencial no cumplen con lo establecido por el programa, demostrándose deficiencias en el control y seguimiento de dichos pacientes, afectándose con ello la calidad de la atención médica a los mismos, todo lo cual influyó en los resultados inadecuados de los indicadores previstos. A tactical evaluation of the Program of Prevention and Attention to the Suicide Behavior in less than 15 years in the Municipality Guantánamo during 2012 The  universe is constituted by the total of suicidal attempts occurred (n = 44) in the aforementioned period and coming from all areas of health of the municipality. The indicators of program structure, process and results were evaluated using criteria, indicators and standards. Many of the indicators evaluated in the study, especially those related to the care process, do not comply with ,what is established by the program, demonstrating deficiencies in the control and follow-up of these patients, thus affecting the quality of medical care, which influenced the inadequate results of the indicators