Validation of a method to quantify copper and other metals in olive fruit by ETAAS. Application to the residual metal control after olive tree treatments with different copper formulations

An electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry method was validated to quantify residues of copper, aluminum, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, and nickel in olive fruit. The linearity ranges under the optimized conditions were 0.19-20.0, 1.11-50.0, 0.02-2.0, 0.15-20.0, 0.80- 20.0, 0.35-50.0, and 0.60-50.0 íg/L, respectively. The limits of quantification were, expressed in nanograms per gram of dry weight, 12.6, 74.0, 1.34, 10.0, 53.4, 23.4, and 40.0, respectively. For all of the metals the precision of the instrumental method was <6.3% and that of the analytical method was always <10%, except for aluminum, for which the precision was 12%. The accuracy of the method was evaluated according to the standard additions method, the recoveries being >90% for all of the added concentrations. An interference study was also carried out in a simulated matrix, and it was verified that the deviations of the expected values were <6% for all of the metals. The method was applied to the monitoring of the residues of the referred metals in olive fruits collected from trees pulverized with three different copper formulations available on the market to control fungal diseases

As contribuições da licenciatura em educação do campo na transformação das relações de gênero: um estudo de caso com as educandas do assentamento Virgilândia de Formosa/GO

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2014.A Educação do Campo, como projeto alternativo de sociedade coadunado aos Movimentos Sociais, tem se empenhado na luta e na conquista de políticas públicas para o campo. Nesse sentido, a Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, com sua proposta diferenciada e específica, é parte dessas políticas públicas que visa em conjunto com os (as) camponeses (as) construir um modelo de educação contra hegemônico voltado para o respeito e as especificidades dos povos do campo. Assim este trabalho busca compreender as contribuições da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo nas rupturas das relações de gênero com as mulheres egressas e estagiárias de diversas turmas, oriundas do Assentamento Virgilândia, Formosa- Goiás. Pretendemos identificar os protagonismos vivenciados por elas com visibilidade às áreas política, social, econômica, bem como a convivência delas em família e na comunidade, rompendo uma estrutura histórica de dominação e exclusão que durante séculos a elas foi imposta de uma cultura patriarcal hegemônica. O referido trabalho situa-se no campo da pesquisa qualitativa em educação caracterizada pela história de vida, onde utilizamos um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada gravada. Num primeiro momento, a trajetória de vida dessas mulheres revela um cotidiano de exclusão e subordinação pela sua condição de mulher camponesa alijada dos seus direitos também pela falta de acesso à educação. Num segundo momento, em decorrência do acesso à LEdoC, percebe-se sinais de ruptura e emancipação dando novos sentidos e significados à vida dessas mulheres e construindo estratégias de resistência frente às posturas de discriminação. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe Rural Education as an alternative project of society allied to social movements has been engaged in the struggle and the promotion of public politics to the country. In this sense, the Teaching Qualification in Rural Education (LEdoC) with its distinctive and specific proposal is part of these public politics that, together with the peasants, aim build a model of counter-hegemonic education facing to the respect and the specificities of rural populations. Thus, this work aims to understand the contributions of the Teaching Qualification in Rural Education in the disruptions of gender relations with leaving and trainee women of various classes, arising from the rural settlement Vigilândia, Formosa, Goiás. We intend to identify the protagonisms experienced by them with visibility to the political, social, economic areas as well as living together in family and community, breaking a historic structure of domination and exclusion, and a hegemonic patriarchal culture that for centuries they have been forced to live. Such work is situated in the field of qualitative research in education characterized by life history, where we used a recorded semi-structured interview. At first, the history of life of these women reveals a daily life of exclusion and subordination by their condition of being peasant women jettisoned of their rights, also by the lack of access of education. Secondly, due to access the LEdoC, one sees signs of rupture and emancipation giving new meanings to the lives of these women and building strategies of resistance to the attitudes of discrimination

Metal composition of table olives from the portuguese market.

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important fruit trees in the Mediterranean countries. Their products, olive oil and also table olives, are important components of the Mediterranean diet and are largely consumed in the world. Table olives are well-known sources of compounds with important biological properties. The preparation of table olives follows three main trades, namely green or Spanish-style olives (Green Olives in Brine - GOB), black ripe or Californian-style olives (Black Ripe Olives), and naturally fermented olives (Direct Brined Olives – DBO). Heavy metals can be present in olive fruits for several reasons: endogenous, depending on the mineral constitution of the soils where the olive trees are located, or exogenous, resulting from the air pollution, contamination by phyto-chemical products and during technological processing. Besides the toxicological characteristics of these elements, the presence of transition metals in these fat matrices can negatively influence the organoleptic and nutritional properties as well as the shelf life of the products

Antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of Olea europaea L. leaves sprayed with different copper formulations

Olive trees (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobranc¸osa) from the northeast of Portugal were sprayed with three different copper formulations [bordeaux mixture (copper sulphate + calcium hydroxide - 20% Cu), copper hydroxide (40% Cu) and copper oxychloride (50% Cu)] to control olive fungal diseases. The residues of copper in olive leaves, harvested at different times, were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry. At all the collection times, treated olive leaves had significantly higher copper contents, compared to the control. The different copper amounts in pesticide formulations lowered the leaves contents in total phenols and hence their antioxidant properties. Olive leaves sprayed with copper oxychloride possessed the highest copper levels and the lowest content in phenols, which influenced its antioxidant activity (higher EC50 values for reducing power, scavenging effect on DPPH radicals and inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis). Leaves without copper residues proved to be a good natural source of antioxidants, giving values comparable to the reference compounds

Protective activity of hesperidin and lipoic acid against sodium arsenite acute toxicity in mice

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the toxic effects of sodium arsenite, As(III), in mice and the protective effect of 2 antioxidants, hesperidin and lipoic acid, against the observed As(III)-induced toxicity. In each study, mice were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control, antioxidant, antioxidant + arsenite, and arsenite. Animals were first injected with the vehicle or 25 mg antioxidant/kg BW. After 30 minutes they received an injection of 10 mg arsenite/kg BW or 0.9% NaCl. Two hours after the first injection, the liver, kidney, and testis were collected for histological evaluation. Liver samples were also taken for quantification of arsenic. In mice exposed only to As(III), various histopathological effects were observed in the liver, kidneys, and testes. In mice pretreated with either hesperidin or lipoic acid, a reduction of histopathologic effects on the liver and kidneys was observed. No protective effects were observed in the testes for either of the 2 studied antioxidants. In conclusion, hesperidin and lipoic acid provided protective effects against As(III)-induced acute toxicity in the liver and kidneys of mice. These compounds may potentially play an important role in the protection of populations chronically exposed to arsenic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edition, 2008: major changes from the 3rd edition, 2001

The World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th edition, 2008)¹ presents an updated version of the 3rd edition published in 2001². A summary of these changes relates to the groups of chronic myeloproliferative disorders, myelodisplasia, acute myeloid leukemias, neoplasms of precursor B and T cells and neoplasms derived of mature B, T and NK cells. A better understanding of molecular genetic changes and results achieved with innovative therapeutic approaches in these groups of diseases requires constant reassessment of the classifications, supporting the major changes discussed here, including interesting comments from literature1, 3-5.A Classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008)¹ representa uma atualização da 3ª edição, 2001². Apresentamos a seguir um resumo dessas alterações nos grupos das doenças mieloproliferativas, mileodisplásicas, leucemias mieloides agudas, neoplasias de células precursoras B e T, e neoplasias de células B, T e NK maduras. O entendimento das alterações genético-moleculares e os resultados alcançados com propostas terapêuticas inovadoras nesses grupos de doenças demandam constante reavaliação de sua classificação, justificando as alterações importantes aqui discutidas1,3-5.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUSP Faculdade de Odontologi Departamento de PatologiaHospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaUSP Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Setor de Citogenética Laboratório ClínicoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Faculdade de MedicinaFleury Medicina Diagnóstica Laboratório de CitogenéticaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESP, Faculdade de MedicinaSciEL

Effect of surface coating on the biodistribution profile of gold nanoparticles in the rat

Successful application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in biomedicine requires extensive safety assessment for which biokinetic studies are crucial. We evaluated the biodistribution of AuNPs (similar to 20 nm) with different surface coatings: citrate, 11-MUA and 3 pentapeptides, CALNN, CALND and CALNS, after i.v. administration to rats (0.6-1 mg Au/kg). Biodistribution was evaluated based on Au tissue content measured by GFAAS. Citrate-AuNPs were rapidly removed from circulation with 60% of the injected dose depositing in the liver. Thirty minutes post-injection, the lungs presented about 6% of the injected dose with levels decreasing to 0.7% at 24 h. Gold levels in the spleen were of 2.6%. After 24 h, liver presented the highest Au level, followed by spleen and blood. A similar biodistribution profile was observed for MUA-coated AuNPs compared to Cit-AuNPs at 24 h post-injection, while significantly higher levels of peptide-capped AuNPs were found in the liver (74-86%) accompanied by a corresponding decrease in blood levels. TEM analysis of liver slices showed AuNPs in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, trapped inside endosomes. Our data demonstrate that AuNPs are rapidly distributed and that the liver is the preferential accumulation organ. Peptide capping significantly increased hepatic uptake, showing the influence of AuNPs functionalization in biodistribution

Environmental Fate of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Risks and Benefits

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are among nanoscale materials displaying exponentially growing production due to their applications in the field of cosmetology, medicine, as antibacterial agent and catalyst. The ZnO nanomaterials release into the aquatic ecosystems through domestic and industrial wastewaters has the potential to induce pernicious effects on fish and other organisms. Increasing concerns on the environmental hazard to aquatic biota have been highlighted by the toxic potential of some metal-based nanomaterials. Several characteristics of ZnO-NPs (e.g. size, shape, surface charge and agglomeration state) play a central role in biological effects such as genotoxic, mutagenic or cytotoxic effects. Overall, Zn bioaccumulation, histopathological, and hematological changes with oxidative and cellular stress have been reported in ZnO-NPs exposed animals