Amebíase intestinal em um gato : relato de caso

A amebíase é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Entamoeba histolytica, que acomete principalmente humanos. Por ano, estima-se que 40.000 a 100.000 mortes no mundo são causadas por esse agente. A doença cursa com quadro de diarreia e, em sua forma mais grave, pode acometer o fígado, pulmões e sistema nervoso, além de outros órgãos. Em cães e gatos essa doença é raramente relatada e, no Brasil, existe um relato da doença em um cão. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever um relato de caso de amebíase em um felino sem raça definida, macho, castrado, de 12 anos de idade, portador da imunodeficiência viral felina, o qual tinha um quadro de diarreia de intestino grosso com duração de mais de um mês. Além da diarreia, o animal apresentou alterações na ultrassonografia e alterações nos exames sanguíneos realizados. Foi feito o exame direto de fezes frescas, onde se observou inúmeros amebídeos. Após diagnóstico parasitológico, o paciente ficou internado onde recebeu tratamento de suporte, metronidazol e nitazoxanida para o tratamento da diarreia, porém veio a óbito após quatro dias de internação. O gato foi encaminhado para necropsia e se observou colite fibrinonecrótica na histopatologia. Não foi possível identificar o parasito na microscopia, provavelmente devido ao tratamento antiparasitário recebido, mas verificou-se a presença de lesões características no cólon. Conclui-se que a amebíase deve ser inserida no diagnóstico diferencial de diarreia de intestino grosso de gatos domésticos.Amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica that mainly affects humans, accounting for 40,000 to 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. Clinical signs include diarrhea and in its most severe form can affect the liver, lungs and nervous system, in addition to other organs. In dogs and cats, this disease is rarely reported and, in Brazil, there is only one report of the disease in a dog. The objective of this study was to describe a case report of amebiasis in a cat 12-year-old, male, castrated, positive for immunodeficiency virus, that had a history of large bowel diarrhea lasting more than one month. In addition to diarrhea, the animal presented alterations in the ultrasound and changes in the blood tests performed. A direct examination of fresh feces was performed, where numerous amebids was observed. After parasitological diagnosis, the patient was hospitalized and received support treatment and metronidazole and nitazoxanide for the treatment of diarrhea, but it died after four days of hospitalization. The cat was referred for necropsy and fibrinonecrotic colitis was observed in the histopathology. It was not possible to identify the parasite under microscopy, probably due to antiparasitic treatment received, but it was verified the presence of characteristic lesions in the colon. It is concluded that amebiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea of the large intestine of domestic cats

Incidence and major clinical approaches of aneurismatic bone cysts: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are pseudocysts expansive lesions. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes primary ABCs as cystic neoplasms that contain fibrous septa separating numerous blood-filled spaces. Approximately 70% of ABC cases are primary, while 30% are secondary. Objective: The present study aimed to carry out a concise systematic review of the main clinical findings of aneurysmal bone cysts, highlighting the incidence and prevalence, as well as the main forms of treatment. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from May 2022 to July 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 143 articles were found. In total, 73 articles were evaluated and 10 were included and evaluated in the systematic review. The symmetric funnel plot does not suggest a risk of bias. After prospecting the main literary findings, it was generally evidenced that the aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare lesion that is more frequently found in young adults and children. It may have unpredictable behavior, with a high recurrence rate after treatment. Standard treatment consists of curettage plus local adjuvants and bone grafting to fill the void. In anatomic sites with difficult surgical access, percutaneous procedures are used (injection of sclerosing agents, radiofrequency thermal ablation, or selective arterial embolization. Medical management with bisphosphonates or denosumab has also been advocated. Conclusion: Primary ABCs involving the maxillofacial region are extremely rare and even more in patients with advanced age. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the presence of a USP6-CDH11 fusion gene, consistent with classification as a primary aneurysmal bone cyst. Sclerotherapy provided an effective and minimally invasive treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts and is particularly useful for deep injuries, challenging surgical access, and potentially injurious vital structures

Educational intervention in nutritional health for public school children educators: an evaluative study

El objetivo del estudio es realizar un programa de formación y educación nutricional, dirigido a educadores infantiles de una Red Municipal de Educación Infantil, sobre prácticas dietéticas y alimentación escolar, evaluando su efectividad y verificando posibles asociaciones con la educación de estos educadores infantiles. Se trata de un estudio preexperimental, del tipo pretest y postest, realizado sin grupo control. La muestra estuvo conformada por 224 docentes de preescolar de 15 Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil, quienes participaron en un Curso de Promoción de la Salud y Práctica Pedagógica en Educación Infantil, conformado por dos módulos. Los datos sociodemográficos, la actividad física y los datos antropométricos se informaron mediante un cuestionario. Se utilizó un Cuestionario de Conocimientos Nutricionales para medir el conocimiento de las personas sobre nutrición y para evaluar la adquisición de conocimientos, después de la Intervención Nutricional, un cuestionario en escala Likert. Los datos fueron analizados considerando p <0.05. El puntaje promedio de conocimiento nutricional antes de la intervención educativa fue de 8.1 ± 2.0 puntos, observándose un predominio de conocimiento nutricional moderado entre los educadores infantiles (68%). A través de la prueba t pareada, se observó una diferencia (p <0.001) entre las calificaciones promedio después (5.07) y antes (3.4) del programa de intervención nutricional, sin que, sin embargo, haya diferencia entre la estratificación escolar de los estudiantes. (valor de p = 0,26). El programa de intervención alimentaria y nutricional propuesto demostró ser simple y eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos sobre alimentación y nutrición de los educadores de la primera infancia.O objetivo do estudo é realizar um programa de treinamento e formação nutricional, direcionado aos educadores infantis de uma Rede Municipal de Educação Infantil, quanto às práticas alimentares e alimentação escolar, avaliando sua eficácia e verificando possíveis associações com a escolaridade destes educadores infantis. Trata-se de um estudo pré-experimental, do tipo pré-teste e pós-teste, realizado sem grupo de controlo. A amostra foi composta por 224 educadores infantis provenientes de 15 Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil, os quais participaram de um Curso de Promoção da Saúde e Prática Pedagógica na Educação Infantil, composto por dois módulos. Dados sociodemográficos, realização de atividade física e dados antropométricos foram informados via aplicação de questionário. Utilizou-se um Questionário de Conhecimento Nutricional para a mensuração do conhecimento em nutrição dos indivíduos e para a avaliação de aquisição de conhecimento, após Intervenção Nutricional, um questionário em escala Likert. Os dados foram analisados, considerando p < 0,05. O escore médio de conhecimento nutricional pré-intervenção educativa foi de 8,1±2,0 pontos, observando predominância de moderado conhecimento nutricional entre os educadores infantis (68%). Por meio do teste t pareado, observou-se diferença (p < 0,001) entre as notas médias após (5,07) e antes (3,4) do programa de intervenção nutricional, sem, contudo, haver diferença entre a estratificação escolar dos participantes (valor-p = 0,26). O programa de intervenção alimentar e nutricional proposto demonstrou-se simples e eficaz para a melhoria do conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição dos educadores infantis.The objective of the study is to carry out a training and nutritional education program, aimed at child educators from a Municipal Infant Education Network, regarding dietary practices and school feeding, evaluating their effectiveness and verifying possible associations with the education of these child educators. This is a pre-experimental study, of the pre-test and post-test type, carried out without a control group. The sample consisted of 224 preschool teachers from 15 Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education, who participated in a Course on Health Promotion and Pedagogical Practice in Early Childhood Education, consisting of two modules. Sociodemographic data, physical activity and anthropometric data were reported using a questionnaire. A Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire was used to measure individuals' knowledge of nutrition and to assess knowledge acquisition, after Nutritional Intervention, a questionnaire on a Likert scale. The data were analyzed, considering p <0.05. The average score of nutritional knowledge before educational intervention was 8.1 ± 2.0 points, observing a predominance of moderate nutritional knowledge among child educators (68%). Through the paired t-test, a difference (p <0.001) was observed between the average grades after (5.07) and before (3.4) the nutritional intervention program, without, however, having a difference between the school stratification of the students. participants (p-value = 0.26). The proposed food and nutritional intervention program proved to be simple and effective for improving the knowledge about food and nutrition of early childhood educators

Exposure to trauma-relevant pictures is associated with tachycardia in victims who had experienced an intense peritraumatic defensive response : the tonic immobility.

Tonic immobility is an involuntary, last-ditch defensive reaction characterized by physical inactivity in a context of inescapable threat that has been described in many species, including humans. The occurrence of this defensive response is a predictor of the severity of psychiatric disorders and may be considered as an index of an intense reaction to a traumatic event. Here, we investigated whether the retrospective reports of peritraumatic tonic immobility reaction in participants exposed to a traumatic event would modify their cardiac responses to pictures related to their trauma. Using a questionnaire of life-threating events, we selected students who experienced violent crime as their most intense trauma and students who had never experienced a violent crime trauma, but experienced other traumatic events. All participants completed a questionnaire that estimated the intensity of tonic immobility during their most intense trauma. Electrocardiographic recordings were collected during exposure to pictures. Participants viewed emotional pictures (human attack with guns) and neutral pictures. These emotional stimuli were selected to be trauma-relevant to the violent crime group and non trauma-relevant to the no violent crime trauma group. Violent crime group showed a positive correlation between heart rate changes after viewing trauma-related pictures and tonic immobility scores. We observed that low tonic immobility scores were associated with bradycardia and high scores with tachycardia in response to trauma-relevant pictures. For the no violent crime group, no significant correlation was detected. These results suggest that the relevance of the stimuli and the magnitude of the defensive response during a previous trauma event were important factors triggering more intense defensive responses

ANESTESIA EM CÃO COM HEMOPERITÔNIO POR RUPTURA DE HEMANGIOSSARCOMA ESPLÊNICO

Hemangiosarcoma is a common tumor in dogs and a frequent cause of hemoperitoneum in small animal practice. In this emergency, quick diagnosis and focus on hemostasis are inecessary. Thus, damage control techniques and team organization for surgery can be used, including the use of blood components, permissive hypotension technique, and antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid, all of these to reduce bleeding and maintain tissue perfusion. Therefore, this study aims to report the anesthesia of a patient with hemoabdomen due to splenic mass rupture, later diagnosed as moderately differentiated hemangiosarcoma, discussing the drugs used and complications during the procedure, as well as the actions taken to reduce bleeding before and during surgical hemostasis.O Hemangiossarcoma é um tumor comum em cães e é causa frequente de hemoperitônio na clínica de pequenos animais. Na emergência de hemoperitônio faz-se necessário rápido diagnóstico e ações que visem a hemostasia, podendo-se lançar mão de técnicas de contenção de danos até organização da equipe para cirurgia, como utilização de hemocomponentes, da técnica de hipotensão permissiva e do fármaco antifibrinolítico ácido tranexâmico, visando diminuir o sangramento e manter perfusão tecidual. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar a anestesia de uma paciente com hemoabdômen, por rompimento de massa esplênica, posteriormente diagnosticada como Hemangiossarcoma moderadamente diferenciado, discorrendo-se sobre os fármacos utilizados, intercorrências ocorridas ao longo do procedimento, bem como as ações tomadas para diminuir a perda sanguínea antes e durante a hemostasia cirúrgica

Relação entre terapia de reposição hormonal no climatério e o desenvolvimento de Neoplasias

O climatério é o período de transição entre a fase reprodutiva e não reprodutiva das mulheres, caracterizado por alterações hormonais que afetam o ciclo menstrual. A menopausa, definida como o último ciclo menstrual, marca o fim dessa fase. Durante o climatério, ocorrem diversos sintomas e a terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) é uma opção de tratamento que consiste na reposição dos hormônios através de diferentes vias de administração. Estudos divergem quanto aos benefícios e riscos da TRH, especialmente em relação ao câncer de mama, mas enfatizam a importância do acompanhamento médico e reavaliação periódica dos benefícios e malefícios do tratamento. O presente artigo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa e tem como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre a reposição de terapia hormonal no climatério e o desenvolvimento ou não de neoplasias. Utilizou-se para a pesquisa as bases de dados PubMed, SCIELO e LILACS, considerando artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos (2018-2023). Os descritores "Climacteric", "Neoplasms" e "Hormone replacement therapy" foram combinados através do operador booleano "AND". Foram selecionados 27 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, bem como a análise dos objetivos, 18 artigos foram selecionados. Com base na literatura pesquisada, verifica-se que o risco de câncer no ovário ou endométrio não está relacionado aos níveis metabólicos de estrogênio em mulheres que receberam terapia combinada de estrogênio/progesterona, mas o uso isolado de estrogênio pode aumentar os desfechos negativos, especialmente em mulheres obesas.  Tratando-se o câncer de mama, estudos apontam a relação entre a TRH com o surgimento do mesmo

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives