Effectiveness of intensive physiotherapy for gait improvement in stroke: systematic review

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of functional disability worldwide. Approximately 80% of post-stroke subjects have motor changes. Improvement of gait pattern is one of the main objectives of physiotherapists intervention in these cases. The real challenge in the recovery of gait after stroke is to understand how the remaining neural networks can be modified, to be able to provide response strategies that compensate for the function of the affected structures. There is evidence that intensive training, including physiotherapy, positively influences neuroplasticity, improving mobility, pattern and gait velocity in post-stroke recovery. Objectives: Review and analyze in a systematic way the experimental studies (RCT) that evaluate the effects of Intensive Physiotherapy on gait improvement in poststroke subjects. Methodology: Were only included all RCT performed in humans, without any specific age, that had a clinical diagnosis of stroke at any stage of evolution, with sensorimotor deficits and functional gait changes. The databases used were: Pubmed, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) and CENTRAL (Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials). Results: After the application of the criteria, there were 4 final studies that were included in the systematic review. 3 of the studies obtained a score of 8 on the PEDro scale and 1 obtained a score of 4. The fact that there is clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies evaluated, supports the realization of the current systematic narrative review, without meta-analysis. Discussion: Although the results obtained in the 4 studies are promising, it is important to note that the significant improvements that have been found, should be carefully considered since pilot studies with small samples, such as these, are not designed to test differences between groups, in terms of the effectiveness of the intervention applied. Conclusion: Intensive Physiotherapy seems to be safe and applicable in post-stroke subjects and there are indications that it is effective in improving gait, namely speed, travelled distance and spatiotemporal parameters. However, there is a need to develop more RCTs with larger samples and that evaluate the longterm resultsN/

Hybrid sol-gel materials doped with AgY and NaY Zeolites

The sol-gel process is a chemical synthesis often considered as a green technology due to mild conditions preparation since is waste-free and the processing temperature is generally low (e.g., close to room temperature). Also, uses compounds that do not introduce impurities into the end material and excludes the washing stage. Compared to other chemical routes, sol-gel method has several advantages in the design and synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) materials.1 This method allows the control of several experimental conditions leading to a simple sequence, which may be tuned to the nature, final shape, and according to a desired function. This route allows to obtain end products with high specific porosity and surface area which favours the introduction of materials complementary functionalities, such as UV protection, anti-fouling, anti-reflection, moisture resistance, corrosion and adhesion protection. Moreover, the low synthesis temperatures minimize the thermal volatilization and degradation of the entrapped species. Therefore, the introduction of supplementary functionalities together with the enhancement of the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, opens a wide range of applications in numerous fields of science. This work reports the synthesis of OIH sol-gel matrices, which were obtained using a functionalized siloxane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, by reaction with an oligopolymer named JeffamineTHF 170.2 The OIH matrices were doped with different contents of AgY or NaY zeolites (i.e., 1, 3 and 5 wt%). The doped and undoped OIH matrices were characterized by different techniques namely Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results obtained so far suggest that the introduction of AY or NaY enhance the stability of the hybrid sol-gel materials and could be explored as sensors.This research was funded by Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020), the Lisbon Regional Operational Program (in its FEDER component), and by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), grant reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031220. The support of Centro de Química-UM through FCT project UID/QUI/00686/2019 is also acknowledged and BioTecNorte (operation NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In vitro fermentation of raffinose to unravel its potential as prebiotic ingredient

Supplementary data to this article can be found online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109322.Until now the prebiotic potential of pure trisaccharide raffinose on human health assessed through high-throughput sequencing remains poorly investigated. In this work, an in vitro model using human fecal inocula of two healthy volunteers (D1 and D2) was used to study the prebiotic potential of raffinose and compare it with the well-stablished and commercial prebiotic lactulose. The intestinal microbiota showed preference for raffinose as substrate showing the highest consumption value at 48h (96.0±0.9% D1 and 95.3±0.7% D2). The fermentation of raffinose decreased the medium pH, the ammonia concentration and the relative amount of Proteobacteria, while increasing the total production of lactate and short chain fatty acids (129.9±2.6mmol/L D1 and 179.6±0.6mmol/L D2), CO2 (10.8±0.8 mmol/Lmedium D1 and 5.2±0.3 mmol/Lmedium D2) and the relative amount of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study suggests that raffinose holds potential functional properties for human health.CA an BBC acknowledge her grants (UMINHO/BPD/4/2019 and SFRH/BD/132324/2017) from Portuguese Foundation for Science andTechnology (FCT). The study receivedfinancial support from FCT underthe scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2020 unit;COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), through nationalfunds and where applicable co-financed by the FEDER, within thePT2020 Partnership Agreement; the Projects FoSynBio (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029549) and NewFood–Food Technologies Valorization(NORTE-324 01-0246-FEDER-000043). The authors also acknowledgeBioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded bythe European Regional Development Fund under the scope ofNorte2020 -Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in the resistance to multiple stresses during Very-High-Gravity and lignocellulosic biomass industrial fermentations

Most of the current processes for bioethanol production are based on the use of Very-High-Gravity (VHG) technology and the processing of lignocellulosic biomass, limited by the high osmotic pressure and ethanol concentration in the fermentation medium, and by inhibitors resulting from biomass pre-treatments, respectively. Aiming the optimization of strains for industrial bioethanol production an integrated approach was undertaken to identify genes required for simultaneous yeast resistance to different fermentation-related stresses. The integration of previous chemogenomics data was used to identify eight genes whose expression confers simultaneous resistance to high concentrations of glucose, acetic acid and ethanol, chemical stresses relevant for VHG fermentations; and eleven genes conferring simultaneous resistance to different inhibitors present during lignocellulosic fermentations. The expression of BUD31 and HPR1 lead to the increase of both ethanol yield and fermentation rate, while PHO85, VRP1 and YGL024w expression is required for maximal ethanol production in VHG fermentations. Five genes, ERG2, PRS3, RAV1, RPB4 and VMA8 were found to contribute to the maintenance of cell viability in wheat straw hydrolysate and/or for maximal fermentation rate of this substrate [1]. Moreover, the yeast disruptome was screened for strains with increased susceptibility to inhibitory compounds present in an industrial lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained from wheat straw. With this genome-wide analysis, 42 determinants of resistance to inhibitors were identified showing a high susceptibility phenotype compared to the parental strain. The identified genes stand as preferential targets for genetic engineering manipulation to generate more robust and efficient industrial strains

Public Education: not a priority of the public power or disinterest of society?

A sociedade brasileira não dispõe de uma educação pública de qualidade por não ser esta uma prioridade do poder público, por outro lado o poder público não a prioriza por não ser uma demanda da sociedade. Acredita-se que para legitimar qualquer diálogo e iniciativa no campo da educação precisa-se envolver os seus legítimos protagonistas, os professores. Realizou-se, desta forma, uma pesquisa+ qualitativa com professores de uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental da cidade de São Paulo, buscando identificar, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as suas representações sociais sobre o atual papel da escola pública e as iniciativas do poder público que buscam integrar áreas como a saúde e o meio ambiente no espaço escolar. No eixo de investigação aqui discutido, "o poder público e a escola pública", constatou-se que o assistencialismo, a ineficiência de políticas públicas e o desconhecimento da escola pelos gestores públicos são evidências do descaso do Estado para o desenvolvimento de uma escola de qualidade, sendo esses alguns dos determinantes do descumprimento do papel da instituição escola. O professor tem se sentido cada vez mais impotente, desvalorizado e desinteressado pela educação pública. Assim, cabe à sociedade assumir sua responsabilidade diante do ensino público e ao poder público cabe não só compreender, mas, principalmente vivenciar a escola estabelecendo um diálogo verdadeiro e profundo com o professor, buscando, por meio da educação, uma transformação social sustentável baseada em valores humanos mais éticos e mais justos.Brazilian society does not have high-quality public education because it is not a priority of the public power. On the other hand, the State does not prioritize education because it has not been a demand of society. To legitimate any debate on education, it is necessary to involve the real protagonists, the teachers. A qualitative research was conducted with teachers from a municipal elementary school in São Paulo, Brazil. The aim was to identify, through semi-structured interviews, their social representations on the present role of the public school and the public power's initiatives that have been trying to integrate areas like health and environment into the school these days. On the topic analyzed here, "public power and public school", it has been found that paternalism, inefficacy of public policies and governors' lack of knowledge on school practices are evidences of the State's lack of interest in the development of quality schools, which ends up determining that the school is not able to play its social role. The teacher has been feeling more and more impotent, unvalued and uninterested in public education. Therefore, it is now time for society to undertake its responsibility towards public education. The public power, in turn, must not only know, but also experience the school, establishing a true dialog with the teacher. Through education, it must search for a sustainable social transformation based on new human values concerning ethics and justice

Designing a functional rice muffin formulated with prebiotic oligosaccharides and sugar reduction

Innovation of pastry products towards higher nutritional and commercial value remains a challenge to the growing field of healthy food. In this study, the prebiotic supplementation and sugar reduction were explored in a widely consumed pastry product with a low level of innovation. The prebiotic potential of commercial agave inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) was evaluated and compared by an in vitro model using human fecal inocula. Rice muffins containing 100% of sugar or 75% of sugar supplemented with 0.8% GOS were produced and compared with commercial rice muffins regarding their physical and textural properties. GOS fermentation led to the highest production of lactate and short-chain fatty acids, besides the most significant reduction of the final pH value and of the ammonia and methane production. Inulin presented a higher selectivity towards Lactobacillaceae (51 ± 1% of all), while GOS are more efficient to stimulate Bifidobacteriaceae growth (65 ± 7% of all).This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte; COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), FoSynBio (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029549) and NewFood (NORTE-01-0246-FEDER000043). CA and BBC acknowledge their grants (UMINHO/BPD/4/2019 and SFRH/BD/132324/2017) from FCT. RM acknowledges the financial support to the Xunta de Galicia and FEDER by the project (EDD431B 2019/01).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tetra-amelia and lung hypo/aplasia syndrome: New case report and review

Tetra-amelia is a rare malformation that may be associated with other anomalies and is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. We describe a fetus, born to a nonconsanguineous couple, with tetra-amelia, bilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral lung agenesis, without other anomalies. Karyotype was normal (46,XX) and premature centromere separation was excluded. No mutation was identified upon molecular analysis of WNT3, HS6ST1, and HS6ST3. We reviewed the literature and the differential diagnosis to clarify the clinical delineation of conditions associated with tetra-amelia. The present report describes the sixth family with this pattern of malformations and reinforces the evidence that the ldquotetra-amelia and lung hypo/aplasia syndromerdquo is a distinct autosomal recessive condition, with no identified gene thus far. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc

MnO2-Ir Nanowires: Combining Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Sizes, O-Vacancies, and Low Noble-Metal Loading with Improved Activities towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

"Although clean energy generation utilizing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) can be considered a promising strategy, this approach remains challenging by the dependence on high loadings of noble metals, mainly Platinum (Pt). Therefore, efforts have been directed to develop new and efficient electrocatalysts that could decrease the Pt content (e.g., by nanotechnology tools or alloying) or replace them completely in these systems. The present investigation shows that high catalytic activity can be reached towards the ORR by employing 1.8 ± 0.7 nm Ir nanoparticles (NPs) deposited onto MnO2 nanowires surface under low Ir loadings (1.2 wt.%). Interestingly, we observed that the MnO2 -Ir nanohybrid presented high catalytic activity for the ORR close to commercial Pt/C (20.0 wt.% of Pt), indicating that it could obtain efficient performance using a simple synthetic procedure. The MnO2 -Ir electrocatalyst also showed improved stability relative to commercial Pt/C, in which only a slight activity loss was observed after 50 reaction cycles. Considering our findings, the superior performance delivered by the MnO2 -Ir nanohybrid may be related to (i) the significant concentration of reduced Mn3+ species, leading to increased concentration of oxygen vacancies at its surface; (ii) the presence of strong metal-support interactions (SMSI), in which the electronic effect between MnOx and Ir may enhance the ORR process; and (iii) the unique structure comprised by Ir ultrasmall sizes at the nanowire surface that enable the exposure of high energy surface/facets, high surface-to-volume ratios, and their uniform dispersion.

Spatial Factors Play a Major Role as Determinants of Endemic Ground Beetle Beta Diversity of Madeira Island Laurisilva

The development in recent years of new beta diversity analytical approaches highlighted valuable information on the different processes structuring ecological communities. A crucial development for the understanding of beta diversity patterns was also its differentiation in two components: species turnover and richness differences. In this study, we evaluate beta diversity patterns of ground beetles from 26 sites in Madeira Island distributed throughout Laurisilva – a relict forest restricted to the Macaronesian archipelagos. We assess how the two components of ground beetle beta diversity (βrepl – species turnover and βrich - species richness differences) relate with differences in climate, geography, landscape composition matrix, woody plant species richness and soil characteristics and the relative importance of the effects of these variables at different spatial scales. We sampled 1025 specimens from 31 species, most of which are endemic to Madeira Island. A spatially explicit analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of pure environmental, pure spatial and environmental spatially structured effects on variation in ground beetle species richness and composition. Variation partitioning showed that 31.9% of species turnover (βrepl) and 40.7% of species richness variation (βrich) could be explained by the environmental and spatial variables. However, different environmental variables controlled the two types of beta diversity: βrepl was influenced by climate, disturbance and soil organic matter content whilst βrich was controlled by altitude and slope. Furthermore, spatial variables, represented through Moran’s eigenvector maps, played a significant role in explaining both βrepl and βrich, suggesting that both dispersal ability and Madeira Island complex orography are crucial for the understanding of beta diversity patterns in this group of beetles.Peer reviewe