Can Heart Rate Variability Predict the Second Metabolic Threshold in Young Soccer Players?

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 1105-1111, 2018. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an effective method to assess the influence of the autonomic nervous system, which may be directly linked to metabolic demand. The aim of the study was to determine if the second metabolic threshold can be identified by HRV. Thirteen athletes were assessed in cardiopulmonary exercise test with concomitant gas analysis. The RR intervals (RRi) were plotted in a spreadsheet for graphics analysis and the point at which there was a shift in the RRi curve was determined as RRiT2. The second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was used as the gold standard technique. A positive correlation was found in the test time (r = 0.84), heart rate (r = 0.97) and VO2 (r = 0.97) between the VT2 and HRV second threshold (RRiT2). All parameters identified by RRiT2 were lower than predicted by VT2 (p \u3c 0.05)

DECOMPOSITION OF THE REMAINING STRAW DURING SOYBEAN GROWING IN THE MIDWESTERN PARANÁ, BRAZIL

Crop biomass plays an important role, especially in tropical and subtropical crops that adopt the no-tillage system, whose decomposition is related to material composition and environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the decomposition of straw remaining from autumn/winter crops in the development of soybean in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria, corn, wheat, oilseed radish, corn + brachiaria, and black oat + oilseed radish) and four replications. After autumn/winter cultivation, biomass samples were dried and placed in nylon bags, returning to the original plot during soybean sowing. The decomposition bags were collected in seven periods over 120 days, coinciding with the soybean cycle. The decomposition rate was analyzed by regression. The regression equations and the amount of biomass remaining from the autumn/winter seasons were determinate the half-file and the remaining mass on the soil surface at sowing and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Biomass production and decomposition rate varied with the season, depending on environmental conditions. Wheat had the lowest decomposition rate with a half-life greater than 100 days. Intercropping crops reduce the decomposition rate.Crop biomass plays an important role, especially in tropical and subtropical crops that adopt the no-tillage system, whose decomposition is related to material composition and environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the decomposition of straw remaining from autumn/winter crops in the development of soybean in succession in the Midwest region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria, corn, wheat, oilseed radish, corn + brachiaria, and black oat + oilseed radish) and four replications. After autumn/winter cultivation, biomass samples were dried and placed in nylon bags, returning to the original plot during soybean sowing. The decomposition bags were collected in seven periods over 120 days, coinciding with the soybean cycle. The decomposition rate was analyzed by regression. The regression equations and the amount of biomass remaining from the autumn/winter seasons were determinate the half-file and the remaining mass on the soil surface at sowing and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. Biomass production and decomposition rate varied with the season, depending on environmental conditions. Wheat had the lowest decomposition rate with a half-life greater than 100 days. Intercropping crops reduce the decomposition rate

Mechanisms of degradation of collagen or gelatin materials (hemostatic sponges) in oral surgery: a systematic review

Objective: The goal of this systematic review was to identify the mechanisms associated with the enzymatic degradation of collagen and gelatin biomaterials and the possible associated flaws. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, B-On, Cochrane Library, and ResearchGate) were used for the bibliographic search of articles. The research question was formulated using the PCC method, (P): collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds; concept (C): enzymatic degradation of collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds; and context (C): effect of enzymatic action on degradation time of collagen or gelatin sponges, hydrogels, and scaffolds. The search was contextualized according to PRISMA recommendations. The identification and exclusion of evidence followed the PRISMA criteria, with specific inclusion and exclusion factors being stipulated for the selection of articles. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the QUIN Scale. Results: The initial search was composed of 13,830 articles after removing duplicates; 56 articles followed for the full-text reading; 45 were excluded; then, 11 articles were obtained, constituting the results of this systematic review. All studies evaluated the materials using gravimetric analysis, and collagenases were the proteases used for the degradation solution. The materials tested were as follows: humanlike collagen (HLC) hydrogel with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), gelatin sponges subjected to different types of crosslinking, and collagen scaffolds with different types of crosslinking. The period of analysis varied between 0.25 h and 35 days. It was possible to highlight the lack of uniformity in the protocols used, which varied largely, thus influencing the degradation times. The risk of bias was low in nine studies and medium in two studies. Conclusions: This systematic review identified a gap in the literature, highlighting the absence of in vitro studies using human saliva and a collagenase concentration close to the physiological levels to simulate oral dynamics. However, based on existing literature, the mechanisms associated with collagen enzymatic degradation in collagen and gelatin biomaterials were comprehensively understood, answering the first research question postulated. In response to the second research question, the main shortcomings identified in the laboratory evaluation of mechanisms associated with collagen enzymatic degradation in collagen and gelatin biomaterials included the lack of standardization in degradation test protocols; this limited inter-study comparisons, which increased heterogeneity. Additionally, variations in collagenase concentrations and types influenced collagen degradation rates, and inappropriate evaluation intervals hindered the identification of total degradation time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epithelial remodelling of the midgut in the post-embryonic development of Partamona helleri (Apidae, Meliponini)

International audienceAbstractIn this work, we describe the changes that occur in the midgut during metamorphosis of Partamona helleri, a species of stingless bees found in Neotropical regions. Morphology and immunofluorescence data were analysed in larvae, pupae and adults. The intestinal epithelium presented morphological variations between the different stages of development, including the size of the striated border. Cells undergoing apoptosis and autophagy were observed in practically all stages, with the autophagy process prevailing over apoptosis in most stages, except in post-defecating larvae. The quantity of cells in oxidative stress increased in the pupae stage, especially in the black-eyed and pink-eyed pupae, and decreased in the adult stage. Cell proliferation, on the other hand, was more evident in black-eyed pupae, mainly in the stage with the highest number of cells in autophagy. In general, the results contributed to a better understanding of morphogenesis of the stingless bee digestive system

The protist Trichomonas vaginalis harbors multiple lineages of transcriptionally active Mutator-like elements

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>For three decades the <it>Mutator </it>system was thought to be exclusive of plants, until the first homolog representatives were characterized in fungi and in early-diverging amoebas earlier in this decade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we describe and characterize four families of <it>Mutator</it>-like elements in a new eukaryotic group, the Parabasalids. These <b><it>T</it></b><it>richomonas </it><b><it>v</it></b><it>aginalis </it><it><b>Mu</b>tator- <b>l</b>ike </it><it><b>e</b>lements</it>, or <it>TvMULEs</it>, are active in <it>T. vaginalis </it>and patchily distributed among 12 trichomonad species and isolates. Despite their relatively distinctive amino acid composition, the inclusion of the repeats <it>TvMULE1</it>, <it>TvMULE2</it>, <it>TvMULE3 </it>and <it>TvMULE4 </it>into the <it>Mutator </it>superfamily is justified by sequence, structural and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, we identified three new <it>TvMULE</it>-related sequences in the genome sequence of <it>Candida albicans</it>. While <it>TvMULE1 </it>is a member of the <it>MuDR </it>clade, predominantly from plants, the other three <it>TvMULEs</it>, together with the <it>C. albicans </it>elements, represent a new and quite distinct <it>Mutator </it>lineage, which we named <it>TvCaMULEs</it>. The finding of <it>TvMULE1 </it>sequence inserted into other putative repeat suggests the occurrence a novel TE family not yet described.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings expand the taxonomic distribution and the range of functional motif of <it>MULEs </it>among eukaryotes. The characterization of the dynamics of <it>TvMULEs </it>and other transposons in this organism is of particular interest because it is atypical for an asexual species to have such an extreme level of TE activity; this genetic landscape makes an interesting case study for causes and consequences of such activity. Finally, the extreme repetitiveness of the <it>T. vaginalis </it>genome and the remarkable degree of sequence identity within its repeat families highlights this species as an ideal system to characterize new transposable elements.</p

Evidências de fatores contingenciais relacionados com a gestão financeira em secretarias estaduais na região norte do Brasil

This research aims to highlight the contingency factors influencing financial management in governmental entities. To achieve this goal, a descriptive, qualitative methodology was adopted, with data collection via individual electronic surveys sent to employees of different secretariats within a Brazilian state. The theoretical framework identified the following contingency variables: Environment, Structure, Technology, Information Technology, and Strategy. The results indicate that Contingency Theory (integration of contingency factors) impacts financial management, with Strategy being the only contingency variable showing interference in financial management when analyzed separately. Thus, the analyzed secretariats align with regulations, addressing managerial issues related to Environment, Structure, Technology, and Information Technology factors.Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo evidenciar quais os fatores contingenciais que interferem na gestão financeira de entidades governamentais. Para alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa, a metodologia adotada foi descritiva, qualitativa com coleta de dados via survey, enviado de forma eletrônica individualmente para os servidores de secretarias distintas de um estado do Brasil. Na fundamentação teórica, identificou-se as seguintes variáveis contingenciais: Ambiente; Estrutura; Tecnologia; Tecnologia da Informação e Estratégia. Os resultados demonstram que a Teoria Contingencial (agregação dos fatores contingenciais) afeta a gestão financeira e que, ao analisar de forma segregada, a única variável contingencial que apresentou interferência na gestão financeira foi a Estratégia. Desse modo, as secretarias analisadas alinham-se às normas, afastando questões gerenciais relacionadas aos fatores Ambiente, Estrutura, Tecnologia e Tecnologia da Informação

YIELD AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CORN AND BRACHIARIA INTERCROPPING IN THE NORTHWESTERN PARANÁ

A consorciação de milho e Urochloa ruziziensis apresenta potencial para os sistemas de produção agrícola, permitindo a produção de grãos e biomassa remanescente. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a produtividade e a viabilidade econômica das modalidades de consórcio de milho e U. ruziziensis na região noroeste do Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido em Maringá-PR, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (milho solteiro; U. ruziziensis solteira; milho com U. ruziziensis na entre linha; milho com U. ruziziensis na mesma linha; milho com U. ruziziensis em linhas intercaladas) e quatro repetições. Foi analisado o desenvolvimento inicial e produtividade de grãos do milho, e produção de biomassa de milho e U. ruziziensis. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey com significância de 5%. No desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de milho não houve diferença significativa em função da consorciação. U. ruziziensis em sistema consorciado apresentou redução na produção de biomassa. O cultivo em linhas intercaladas apresentou produtividade de grãos superior as demais modalidades de consorciação e semelhante ao cultivo de milho solteiro.The maize and Urochloa ruziziensis intercropping have potential use for agricultural production systems, allowing the production of grains and biomass. The study aims to evaluate the yield and economic viability of corn and U. ruziziensis intercropping modalities in the northwestern region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted in Maringá-PR in a completely randomized design with five treatments (single corn; single U. ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis between the corn rows; corn with U. ruziziensis in the same row; corn rows interspersed with U. ruziziensis rows) and four replicates. Initial development, grain yield of corn, and the production of biomass of corn and U. ruziziensis were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. In the initial development of corn plants, there was no significant difference due to intercropping. U. ruziziensis in the intercropped system had a reduction in biomass production. Intercropping with corn rows interspersed with U. ruziziensis rows had grain yield higher than other intercropping modalities and similar to single corn cultivatio

Efeitos do envelhecimento e da base de suporte no controle postural

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o controle postural de jovens e idosos em relação à direção predominante e à área de deslocamento do centro de pressão, buscando verifi car se diferentes bases de suporte evidenciam diferenças entre os grupos para estas duas variáveis. A amostra foi composta por oito adultos jovens (22,6±2,33 anos) e oito idosos (75,4±5,7 anos), e a tarefa consistiu em permanecer de pé sobre uma plataforma de força por 30 segundos, em duas bases de suporte: normal (BSN) e semi-tandem (BSST), sendo realizadas três tentativas em cada uma delas. Avaliou-se as variáveis “área” e “direção” de oscilação, ambas derivadas no centro de pressão. Os resultados mostraram que idosos apresentaram maior oscilação corporal que jovens e a restrição na base de suporte ampliou a oscilação de ambos os grupos etários. Conclui-se que idosos e jovens apresentam comportamentos distintos em relação à oscilação corporal e que o aumento na difi culdade da tarefa é capaz de evidenciar parcialmente essas diferenças.This study aimed to evaluate the postural control of young and elderly in relation to the predominant direction and the body sway area of the center of pressure, in order to verify whether different bases of support could evidence differences between groups for the two variables. The sample was composed of eight young adults (22.6 ± 2.33 years) and eight elderly (75.4 ± 5.7 years), and the task consisted of upright stance on a force plate for 30 seconds at two support bases: normal (BSN) and semi-tandem (BSST), being carried out three trials each. We evaluated the variables area and direction of sway, both derived from the center of pressure. Results showed that elderly presented higher body sway than young adults, and constraints in bases of support amplify body sway of both groups. We conclude that young and elderly present different behavior in relation to body sway and the increase in the task diffi culty is able to partially highlight these differences

Ações culturais em bibliotecas públicas municipais: estudo comparado das práticas de Goiânia (GO) e São Paulo (SP)

Aborda a realização de ações culturais em bibliotecas públicas municipais, pelo estudo comparado das práticas de Goiânia e São Paulo. Por meio de revisão de literatura do tema explora-se o papel da biblioteca pública enquanto veículo cultural promotor do lazer e entretenimento. A partir dessa abordagem investigam-se dois casos distintos: das bibliotecas públicas municipais de Goiânia e do Sistema Municipal de Bibliotecas de São Paulo. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa de caráter descritivo utilizou questionário fechado como instrumento de coleta, aplicado junto a bibliotecários responsáveis pelas duas bibliotecas públicas de Goiânia e pelas onze bibliotecas temáticas de São Paulo componentes do Sistema. Conclui-se com um contraponto acerca do desenvolvimento de ações culturais em relação às duas realidades investigadas, sendo as unidades paulistas mais voltadas à condução de tais ações, em detrimento das goianas

Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and evolved into a global problem in a short period. The pandemic has led to many social and health-care challenges. In this context, surgery is an area that is facing the need for many adaptations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed different perspectives concerning this situation, aiming to provide recommendations that could guide surgeons and entities toward screening, elective and emergency surgeries, decision making, and operating room management. A computerized search in PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for relevant literature up to April 4, 2020, was performed. Articles were included if they were related to surgery dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 281 articles found in our initial search and 15 articles from alternative sources, 39 were included in our review after a systematic evaluation. Concerning preoperative testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, 29 (74.4%) articles recommended some kind of screening. Another major suggestion was postponing all (or at least selected) elective operations (29 articles, 74.4%). Several additional recommendations with respect to surgical practice or surgical staff were also assessed and discussed, such as performing laparoscopic surgeries and avoiding the use of electrocauterization. On the basis of the current literature, we concluded that any surgery that can be delayed should be postponed. COVID-19 screening is strongly recommended for all surgical cases. Moreover, surgical staff should be reduced to the essential members and provided with institutional psychological support