Desarrollando conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable en jóvenes hospitalizados: una campaña de autorregulación

Background: Data from the World Health Organization shows obesity has more than doubled worldwide since 1980. Childhood obesity is mainly associated with external and modifiable factors, as eating habits, existing room for promoting healthy lifestyles. Additionally, learning can take place in contexts other than schools, as the hospital, potentiating the time of hospitalization. Self-regulated learning framework is suited to train the skills necessary for self-management processes and behavioral changes. The aim was to describe and evaluate a campaign designed to increase knowledge about healthy eating by hospitalized school-aged youth. Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were randomly distributed between the experimental and control groups, each one with 15 participants aged between six and 16 years-old. Information about healthy eating was not provided directly; participants had to reflect and work to build knowledge through activities inspired in the self-regulated learning framework. Results: Results showed that the experimental group when compared with their counterparts significantly improved their knowledge on healthy eating after taking part in the campaign. Conclusions: Campaigns that increase knowledge on healthy eating based on the promotion of self-regulated learning strategies could be incorporated in health promotion programs not only in pediatric units but also in other educational contexts.Antecedentes: el informe de la Organización Mundial de Salud indicó que la obesidad más que duplicó desde 1980. La obesidad infantil es mayoritariamente asociada a causas externas y modificables, como hábitos de alimentación, y puede ser combatida a través de estilos de vida saludables. Las intervenciones educativas pueden ocurrir en el hospital, potenciando el tiempo de hospitalización. El entrenamiento puede ser realizado en el marco de la autorregulación del aprendizaje. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar una campaña de promoción del conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable entre jóvenes hospitalizados en edad escolar. Método: se usó un diseño cuasi-experimental. Los participantes fueron distribuidos al azar entre los grupos experimental y control, cada uno con 15 participantes de entre 6 y 16 años. La información sobre alimentación saludable no fue ofrecida directamente, los participantes tuvieron que reflexionar y trabajar para construir conocimiento, a través de actividades inspiradas en el aprendizaje autorregulado. Resultados: los resultados muestran que después de la campaña, el grupo experimental, comparando con el grupo de control, mejoró significativamente su conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable. Conclusiones: campañas para incrementar el conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable basadas en el marco de la autorregulación del aprendizaje podrían ser incorporadas en programas de promoción de la salud

Regeneração de gemas de laranja-azeda e desenvolvimento in vitro de plantas em função da composição do meio de cultura e tipo de explante

In order to evaluate the formation of adventitious buds and in vitro regeneration of sour orange plants (Citrus aurantium L.) two organogenesis-inducing experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the induction and in vitro regeneration of adventitious buds were tested on epicotyl and internodal segments under the influence of BAP or KIN associated with NAA. The second experiment evaluated the in vitro regeneration of sour orange plants related to different explant types (epicotyls segments, internodal segments of in vitro germinated plantlets and internodal segments of greenhouse cultivated plants). Data collected on both experiments included the percentage of responsive explants (explants that formed buds), and the number of buds per explant. The addition of BAP showed the best organogenic response. In vitro germinated epicotyl segments and internodal segments are recommended as explants for sour orange in vitro organogenesis. Rooting of regenerated shoots was achieved without the need of auxin in the medium.Com o objetivo de avaliar a formação de gemas adventícias e regeneração in vitro de plantas de laranja-azeda (Citrus aurantium L.), foram realizados dois experimentos de indução à organogênese. No primeiro experimento, a indução e a regeneração in vitro de gemas adventícias foram investigadas a partir de segmentos internodais e segmentos de epicótilo sob o efeito de BAP ou CIN associados com ANA. O segundo experimento avaliou a regeneração in vitro de plantas de laranja-azeda em função do tipo de explante (segmentos de epicótilo, segmentos internodais de plantas germinadas in vitro e segmentos internodais de plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação). Os dados coletados em ambos os experimentos incluíram a porcentagem de explantes responsivos (explantes que formaram gemas) e número de gemas por explante. A adição de BAP revelou a melhor resposta organogenética. Segmentos de epicótilo e segmentos internodais são explantes recomendados para a indução de organogênese in vitro de laranja-azeda. Enraizamento das brotações foi alcançado sem a adição de auxinas ao meio de cultura

The Gupta perioperative risk for myocardial infarct or cardiac arrest (MICA) calculator as an intraoperative neurologic deficit predictor in carotid endarterectomy

Background: Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may experiment intraoperative neurologic deficits (IND) during carotid cross-clamping. This work aimed to assess the impact of the Gupta Perioperative Myocardial Infarct or Cardiac Arrest (MICA) risk calculator in the IND. Methods: From January 2012 to April 2021, patients undergoing CEA with regional anaesthesia for carotid stenosis with IND and consecutively control operated patients without IND were selected. A regressive predictive model was created, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied for comparison. A multivariable dependence analysis was conducted using a classification and regression tree (CRT) algorithm. Results: A total of 97 out of 194 included patients developed IND. Obesity showed aOR = 4.01 (95% CI: 1.66–9.67) and MICA score aOR = 1.21 (1.03–1.43). Higher contralateral stenosis showed aOR = 1.29 (1.08–1.53). The AUROC curve was 0.656. The CRT algorithm differentiated obese patients with a MICA score ≥ 8. Regarding non-obese patients, the model identified the presence of contralateral stenosis ≥ 55% with a MICA ≥ 10. Conclusion: MICA score might play an additional role in stratifying patients for IND in CEA. Obesity was determined as the best discrimination factor, followed by a score ≥ 8. A higher ipsilateral stenosis degree is suggested to have a part in avoiding procedure-related IND. Larger studies might validate the benefit of MICA score regarding the risk of IND.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In vitro induction and culture of adventitious buds in epicotyl segments of sour orange

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a indução e a formação de gemas adventícias em explantes de laranja-azeda, pelo uso de fi torreguladores. Em experimentos de organogênese in vitro foram avaliados 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) e cinetina (CIN), cem diferentes concentrações e sob duas ondições de luminosidade; BAP e CIN combinados ou não com ácido naftalenoacético (ANA); e BAP eCIN isoladamente ou combinados entre si. Segmentos de epicótilo de 1 cm de comprimento, provenientes de plântulas de laranja-azeda germinadas in vitro, foram utilizados como explantes. Para induzir a formação de gemas, os segmentos foram cultivados em meio MT com ou sem adição de fi torreguladores. O material foi cultivado a 27ºC em ausência de luz por 30 dias, seguidos de fotoperíodo de 16 horas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro ou cinco repetições, a depender do experimento e, cadarepetição foi constituída de placa de Petri com 20 explantes. Após 60 ou 70 dias de cultivo foram avaliados o percentual de explantes responsivos e o número de gemas por explante. A adição de BAP ao meio de cultura,combinada ou não com ANA, e em combinações com CIN promovem melhor resposta organogênica.The objective of this work was to evaluate the induction and formation of adventitious buds in sour orange explants through the use of plant regulators. In vitro organogenesis experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of BAP, TDZ, and KIN in different concentrations and under two light conditions; BAP and KIN, combined or not with NAA; BAP and KIN, separately or in combined concentrations. Sour orange epicotyl segments (1 cm length), from in vitro germinated plants, were used as explants. In order to induce bud formation, the explants were cultured in MT medium with or without the addition of plant regulators. The material was cultivated at 27ºC in the absence of light for 30 days, followed of culture under a 16-hour photoperiod. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four or five replicates, depending on the experiment; each replicate comprised one Petri dish with 20 explants. After 60 or 70 days of cultivation, the percentage of responsive explants and the number of buds were evaluated. The addition of BAP to the culture medium, combined or not with ANA, and in combinations with CIN, induces better organogenic response

Reação de cultivares de laranjeira doce que expressam o gene atacina A à infecção com 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of four sweet orange cultivars expressing the attacin A gene to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) infection, a bacterium associated to huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Transgenic sweet orange plants of Hamlin, Natal, Pêra, and Valência cultivars, as well as nontransgenic controls received inocula by grafting budwood sections of HLB‑infected branches. Disease progression was evaluated through observations of leaf symptoms and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, eight months after inoculation. A completely randomized design was used, with four experiments (one for each cultivar) performed simultaneously. Bacteria title was estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). HLB symptoms and Las titers were present in nontransgenic and transgenic plants expressing the attacin A gene of the four sweet orange cultivars, eight months after bacteria inoculation. Five transgenic lines (transformation events) of 'Pêra' sweet orange expressing the attacin A gene have significantly lower Las titers in comparison with nontransgenic plants of this cultivar.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de quatro cultivares de laranjeira doce que expressam o gene atacina A à infecção por 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), bactéria associada à doença huanglongbing (HLB). Plantas transgênicas das cultivares Hamlin, Natal, Pêra e Valência, bem como controles não transgênicos, receberam inóculos, por enxertia, de seções de ramos infectados por HLB. A progressão da doença foi avaliada pela observação de sintomas foliares e por análise da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), oito meses após a inoculação. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro experimentos (um para cada cultivar) realizados simultaneamente. A concentração bacteriana foi estimada por PCR quantitativo (qPCR). Sintomas de HLB e Las estavam presentes em plantas não transgênicas e em plantas transgênicas que expressaram o gene atacina A, nas quatro cultivares de laranjeira doce, oito meses após a inoculação. Cinco linhagens transgênicas (eventos de transformação) de laranjeira 'Pêra', que expressam o gene atacina A, apresentam concentrações de Las significativamente inferiores às das plantas não transgênicas desta cultivar

Análise estomática de híbridos somáticos de citros obtidos por fusão de protoplastos

The objective of this work was to evaluate leaf epidermis morphological characteristics of three citrus somatic hybrids, compared to their parents. Parental and somatic hybrid young leaves were collected and processed for scanning electron microscope observations. Citrus polyploid hybrids have fewer stomata per area and these are larger compared to their diploid parental parents. No differences in internal arrangement of the stomatal cells were detected between parental plants and somatic hybrids. Additional studies may determine if these differences will influence physiological behavior of the plants in the field.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características morfológicas de três híbridos somáticos de citros, comparando-as com as de seus respectivos parentais. Folhas jovens dos híbridos somáticos e seus respectivos parentais foram coletadas e preparadas para observações em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Híbridos poliplóides de citros apresentam menor número de estômatos por área, com maior tamanho individual quando comparados com aqueles das plantas diplóides parentais. Não foram observadas diferenças no arranjo interno das células estomáticas entre as plantas parentais e os híbridos somáticos. Investigações adicionais poderão determinar se essas diferenças poderão influenciar o comportamento fisiológico dessas plantas no campo

A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out

Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the worl