IDS ou DDS: qual a melhor opção: uma revisão da literatura

Introdução: Na literatura estão descritas duas técnicas de selagem de dentina para a realização de restaurações indiretas. A técnica DDS ou convencional, em que a dentina apenas é selada imediatamente antes da cimentação da restauração definitiva, e a técnica IDS, que é uma abordagem que surgiu na década de 90 que consiste na selagem da dentina imediatamente após a conceção da cavidade. Objetivos: Avaliar parâmetros determinantes para o sucesso das restaurações indiretas (forças de adesão, microinfiltração e tipo de falhas) de forma a comparar a eficácia destas duas técnicas. Metodologia: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa entre novembro de 2018 e junho de 2019 que utilizou como motores de busca o Pubmed e o Cochrane Library, tendo como palavras-chave “immediate”, “delay”, “dentin” e “sealing”. Da pesquisa resultaram 144 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão / exclusão e depois da leitura do seu abstract/resumo foram pré-selecionados 9 artigos. Reviram-se artigos referenciados na bibliografia de outros artigos. Resultados: Segundo os estudos in vitro abordados, a técnica IDS apresenta valores de forças de adesão superiores quando comparado com a técnica DDS, sendo estes valores aumentados com o uso de sistemas adesivos total-etch; quanto à taxa de microinfiltração não existe diferença significativa entre as duas técnicas, apesar de a sua taxa ser menor quando é utilizado um sistema adesivo total-etch; quanto ao tipo de falha, foram detetadas mais falhas adesivas utilizando a técnica DDS comparativamente com a técnica IDS, sendo que o sistema adesivo self-etch apresentou mais falhas adesivas. Conclusão: Para a nossa prática clínica, a técnica IDS necessita de menor quantidade de anestesia para a cimentação definitiva e apresenta menor probabilidade de causar sensibilidade pós-cimentação quando comparada com a técnica DDS. No entanto, não existem estudos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes que possibilitem concluir da superioridade de uma técnica em relação à outra quanto às forças de adesão, microinfiltração marginal, e falhas adesivas.Introduction: The literature describes two dentin sealing techniques when performing indirect restorations. The DDS or conventional technique in which dentin is only sealed immediately before cementation of the permanent restoration and the IDS technique which is an approach that emerged in the 1990s which consists in sealing dentin immediately after cavity design. Objetives: To evaluate determinant parameters for the success of indirect restorations (adhesion forces, microleakage and failure type) in order to compare the effectiveness of these two techniques. Methodology: A search was carried out between November 2018 and June 2019, which used Pubmed and Cochrane Library as search engines, with the keywords "immediate", "delay", "dentin" and "sealing". The search resulted in 144 articles. After applying the inclusion / exclusion criteria and after reading their abstract, 9 articles were pre-selected. Referenced articles in the bibliography of other articles were reviewed. Results: According to the in vitro studies approached the IDS technique has higher adhesion strength values when compared to the DDS technique, these values being increased with the use of total-etch adhesive systems; Regarding the rate of microleakage there is no significant difference between the two techniques, although their rate is lower when a total-etch adhesive system is used; Regarding the type of failure, more adhesive failures were detected using the DDS technique compared to the IDS technique, and the self-etch adhesive system presented more adhesive failures. Conclusion: For our clinical practice, the IDS technique requires less anesthesia for permanent cementation and is less likely to cause post-cementation sensitivity when compared to the DDS technique. However, there are no studies in enough quantity and quality to conclude on the superiority of one technique over another in terms of adhesion forces, marginal microleakage, and adhesive failures

A implantação da política de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos do estado de Rondônia: uma análise a partir dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente da Universidade Federal de Rondônia PGDRA/UNIR. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento Sustentável & Diagnóstico Ambiental, para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente. Orientador (a): Profº. Dr. Artur de Souza MoretO presente trabalho analisou o contexto de criação e o funcionamento do gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos no Brasil e em Rondônia, principalmente no tocante à organização, mobilização e instalação dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas. Esses que são fóruns de decisão política no âmbito de cada bacia hidrográfica e são formados por atores sociais relevantes na gestão das águas, como Poder Público, diversos usuários de recursos hídricos e entidades da sociedade civil organizada. Para tanto se realizou um estudo de natureza exploratória e aplicada, através de métodos mistos, quantitativos e qualitativos, e técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, investigação documental e pesquisa de campo. Nesse sentido, os comitês de bacias foram identificados como entes facilitadores do desenvolvimento regional como base em três categorias de análise: 1- descentralização da gestão, 2- participação democrática, e 3- respeito ao meio ambiente. Além disso, verificou-se os comitês de bacias como micro-espaços de poder gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos à luz da Teoria dos Micros-poderes de Michel Foucault

Low-profile and closely spaced four-element mimo antenna for wireless body area networks

A compact four-element multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for medical applications operating at a 2.4 GHz ISM band. The proposed MIMO design occupies an overall volume of 26 mm × 26 mm × 0.8 mm. This antenna exhibits a good impedance matching at the operating frequency of the ISM band, whose performance attributes include: isolation around 25 dB, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.02, average channel capacity loss (CCL) less than 0.3 bits/s/Hz and diversity gain (DG) of around 10 dB. The average peak realized gain of the four-element MIMO antenna is 2.4 dBi with more than 77 % radiation efficiency at the frequency of interest (ISM 2.4 GHz). The compact volume and adequate bandwidth, as well as the good achieved gain, make this antenna a strong candidate for bio-medical wearable applications

High-intensity infrasound efect on glucose metabolismo in rats

Abstract Recent focus has been given on the effects of high-intensity infrasound (HII) exposure, and whether it induces changes in pancreatic morphology and glucose metabolism is still unknown. As such, we have studied the impact of HII exposure on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic islet morphology, muscle GLUT4 and plasma insulin and corticosterone levels. Normal and glucose intolerant wild-type Wistar rats were randomly divided in two groups: one group not exposed to HII and the other continuously exposed to HII. Animals were sacrificed at three timepoints of exposure (1, 6 or 12 weeks). An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, blood samples were collected and the pancreas and the quadriceps femoris muscle were excised. Circulating insulin and corticosterone levels were determined and pancreatic and muscular tissue were routinely processed for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry with an anti-GLUT4 antibody. Animals exposed to HII had higher corticosterone levels than animals not exposed. No differences were found on insulin concerning HII exposure or glucose intolerance. Glucose intolerant animals had pancreatic islet fibrosis and no differences were found in GLUT4 ratio concerning HII exposure. In conclusion, we found that continuous exposure to HII increases stress hormone levels without inducing glucose intolerance in rats

Infrasound exposure promotes development of atrial fibrosis in rats

INTRODUCTION: Recent data has shown a significant association between noise exposure and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large cohort [1] but the pathophysiology remains unclear. The acoustic spectrum of industrial environments is particularly rich in high-intensity infrasound (IFS), which we have previously found to induce coronary perivascular fibrosis in rat hearts [2–4]. The role of atrial fibrosis in AF is well documented and remains the cornerstone of atrial pathology in patients with this arrhythmia [5]. The aim of this study was to evaluate and measure the atrial interstitial fibrosis in rats exposed to high-intensity IFS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve Wistar rats exposed to high-intensity IFS (110 dB, <20Hz) during a period of 6 weeks and 12 age-matched controls were studied. All the handling and care of the experimental animals was performed by authorised researchers and was done in accordance with the EU Commission on Animal Protection for Experimental and Scientific Purposes (2010/63/EU). Hearts were transversely sectioned and the atrial fragment was selected for analysis. Chromotrope-aniline blue staining was used for histological observation and the images were obtained with an optical microscope using 400× magnifications. For each atrium, three optical fields containing more prominent fibrotic development in the absence of any arterial vessel were selected. The measurement of fibrosis was performed using Image J software. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the groups. RESULTS: The mean values of atrial interstitial fibrosis were 8.96 ± 4.08 and 4.91 ± 1.46, respectively, in IFS-exposed rats and controls. IFS-exposed rats exhibited a significant increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis (p = .005). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High-intensity IFS induces atrial interstitial fibrosis in rats. This finding reinforces the need for further experimental and clinical studies concerning the effects of IFS on the heart