Las tecnologías ¿un aliado o un enemigo para la educación?

En este trabajo conoceremos qué son las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TICs) desde el punto de vista de la educación y cuáles deberían ser sus principales funciones en las instituciones educativas. Para ello, hablamos de una integración curricular de las tecnologías con el fin de que se produzca una enseñanza de calidad, siendo uno de los puntos más importantes de esta integración la formación y la actitud de los docentes frente a las TICs. Así mismo, es necesario conocer las limitaciones y posibilidades que se presentan en su aplicación para poder analizar las consecuencias que presentan su uso. Por último, se muestran los resultados de un breve estudio descriptivo sobre la percepción de uso que tienen los futuros docentes, actuales estudiantes del 1º y 4º curso del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria, en el uso de las TICs. Para ello, se diseñó un formulario a través de la plataforma de Google Formulario y se seleccionó al alumnado a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio. En dicho cuestionario se consideraron variables como la frecuencia de uso de las mismas, el tipo de actividades y su uso en el ámbito educativo.In this assignment we will learn what Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are from the point of view of education and what should be their main functions in educational institutions. To this end, we speak of a curricular integration of technologies in order to produce quality education, one of the most important points of this integration being the training and attitude of teachers towards ICTs. It is also necessary to know the limitations and possibilities of its application in order to be able to analyze the consequences of its use. Finally, we show the results of a brief descriptive study on the perception of the use of ICTs by future teachers, current students of the 1st and 4th year of the Degree in Primary Education Teaching. For this purpose, a form was designed through the Google Form platform and the student was selected through random probability sampling. The questionnaire considered variables such as frequency of use, type of activities and their use in the educational fields

Validation of the SAFRAN meteorological analysis system in the Northeast of Spain

Póster elaborado para la European Geosciences Union General Assembly celebrada los días 22-27 de abril de 2012 en Vien

Health and economic impact of the correct diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in Spain

Objective: to estimate the health and economic impact of the reduction in mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations, associated with correct diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CM), from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective. Methods: a costs and effects analysis were performed (probabilistic Markov model) with time horizons between 1 and 15 years, comparing the correct diagnosis of ATTR-CM versus the non-diagnosis. Transition probabilities were obtained from the ATTR-ACT study (placebo arm) and from the literature. Costs and healthcare resources were obtained from Spanish sources ( 2019) and from a panel of Spanish clinical experts. Results: after 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, the diagnosis of ATTR-CM would generate a gain of 0.031 (95%CI 0.025; 0.038); 0.387 (95%CI 0.329; 0.435); 0.754 (95%CI 0.678; 0.781) and 0.944 (95%CI 0.905; 0.983) life years per patient, respectively, with savings of 212 (95%CI -632; 633), 2,289 (95%CI 2,250; 2,517), 2,859 (95%CI 2,584; 3,149) and 2,906 (95%CI 2,669; 3,450) per patient, respectively, versus the non-diagnosis. Conclusions: just by correctly diagnosing ATTR-CM, years of life would be gained, cardiovascular hospitalizations would be avoided, and savings would be generated for the NHS, compared to the non-diagnosis of the disease

Body mass index interacts with a genetic-risk score for depression increasing the risk of the disease in high-susceptibility individuals

Depression is strongly associated with obesity among other chronic physical diseases. The latest mega- and meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies have identified multiple risk loci robustly associated with depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a genetic-risk score (GRS) combining multiple depression risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might have utility in the prediction of this disorder in individuals with obesity. A total of 30 depression-associated SNPs were included in a GRS to predict the risk of depression in a large case-control sample from the Spanish PredictD-CCRT study, a national multicentre, randomized controlled trial, which included 104 cases of depression and 1546 controls. An unweighted GRS was calculated as a summation of the number of risk alleles for depression and incorporated into several logistic regression models with depression status as the main outcome. Constructed models were trained and evaluated in the whole recruited sample. Non-genetic-risk factors were combined with the GRS in several ways across the five predictive models in order to improve predictive ability. An enrichment functional analysis was finally conducted with the aim of providing a general understanding of the biological pathways mapped by analyzed SNPs. We found that an unweighted GRS based on 30 risk loci was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression. Although the GRS itself explained a small amount of variance of depression, we found a significant improvement in the prediction of depression after including some non-genetic-risk factors into the models. The highest predictive ability for depression was achieved when the model included an interaction term between the GRS and the body mass index (BMI), apart from the inclusion of classical demographic information as marginal terms (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = [0.65, 0.76]). Functional analyses on the 30 SNPs composing the GRS revealed an over-representation of the mapped genes in signaling pathways involved in processes such as extracellular remodeling, proinflammatory regulatory mechanisms, and circadian rhythm alterations. Although the GRS on its own explained a small amount of variance of depression, a significant novel feature of this study is that including non-genetic-risk factors such as BMI together with a GRS came close to the conventional threshold for clinical utility used in ROC analysis and improves the prediction of depression. In this study, the highest predictive ability was achieved by the model combining the GRS and the BMI under an interaction term. Particularly, BMI was identified as a trigger-like risk factor for depression acting in a concerted way with the GRS component. This is an interesting finding since it suggests the existence of a risk overlap between both diseases, and the need for individual depression genetics-risk evaluation in subjects with obesity. This research has therefore potential clinical implications and set the basis for future research directions in exploring the link between depression and obesity-associated disorders. While it is likely that future genome-wide studies with large samples will detect novel genetic variants associated with depression, it seems clear that a combination of genetics and non-genetic information (such is the case of obesity status and other depression comorbidities) will still be needed for the optimization prediction of depression in high-susceptibility individuals

El imaginario del Trabajo Social en las tesinas de fin de estudios 1938-1983

El interés de este texto reside en la perspectiva histórica, ideológica y socio/política que se refleja en el transcurso de la etapa franquista de pasado reciente. Las aportaciones de las autoras de las tesinas acerca de esa realidad, su imaginario individual, colectivo, las representaciones del Trabajo Social y su contexto van más allá de sus intenciones iniciales. Este trabajo supone una innovación que atraerá la interesada mirada de investigadoras e investigadores,y asimismo ofrecerá, a las y los estudiantes de Trabajo Social y de disciplinas afines, un marco de referencia para conocer nuestro pasado y comprender nuestro presente

Tutorial action in the EHEA at the Faculty of Pharmacy of US: 4 years of experience of a student mentoring program

La Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla (US) tiene en marcha un Programa de Alumnos Tutores desde 2006/07 con el objetivo de que alumnos de cursos superiores (AATT) tutelen a alumnos de nuevo ingreso (1x3). Pretende generar una actitud responsable en los AATT y favorecerles el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, objetivos cualitativos dentro de la educación universitaria que sirven como preparación previa a su inserción en el mundo laboral. La actividad es supervisada por Profesores Tutores (1x3) que analizan la evolución de ambos grupos de alumnos. Es una supervisión activa a través de distintas vías de acción para ayudar a la consecución de objetivos, tales como entrevistas periódicas, revisión de informes, acciones de apoyo como charlas sobre técnicas de estudio, coloquios sobre salidas laborales, exposiciones de las experiencias personales de algunos alumnos recientemente egresados, gestión estratégica de búsqueda de empleo, elaboración de portafolios,… Con respecto a la evolución del programa, el número de profesores ha crecido moderadamente llegando a una situación estable, mientras que el número de alumnos, tanto tutores como tutelados, ha crecido en un ritmo constante acorde a las restricciones indicadas. Los resultados son muy positivos, entendiéndose que el proyecto se enmarca en un contexto más cualitativo que cuantitativo y que el principal objetivo es el robustecimiento de la experiencia y asentar una dinámica de apoyo hacia los alumnos de nuevo ingreso y de planificación de tareas, tutela y responsabilidad en general de los alumnos tutores.The Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Seville (US) has developed a Student Mentoring Program (from 2006/07 - present). The main objective of this project is that senior students act as Mentor Students for students at their first year in the University (1x3). It aims to generate a responsible attitude in mentor students and to promote the development of social skills, qualitative goals within higher education that serve as preparation prior to their integration into the world of work. This activity is supervised by Mentor Professors (1x3) that analyze the evolution of both groups of students. It is an active monitoring through various actions such as regular interviews, review of reports, support operations such as lectures on study skills, seminars on job opportunities, statements of personal experiences of some recently graduated students, strategic management job search, portfolio development... With regard to the development of the program, the number of Mentor Professors has grown moderately, reaching a stable condition, while the number of students, both tutor and supervised, has grown steadily in line with the restrictions indicated. The results are very positive, considering the more qualitative than quantitative character of the project and that the main objectives are the strengthening of the experience and the establishment of a dynamic support to the new students and scheduling and general responsibility for mentor students

Las transformaciones de la estructura de la población activa en los núcleos rurales del entorno de Cáceres

El presente artículo se planteó en un primer momento con el objetivo único de analizar las transformaciones generadas por la ciudad y capital de Cáceres sobre su entorno más inmediato. En este sentido, se trataba de continuar una serie de trabajos ya realizados por algunos miembros del Departamento anteriormente y por nosotros mismos, en especial del Dr. Campesino Fernández y del Dr. Barrientos Alfageme . En segundo lugar, se pretendía estudiar, dentro del área de influencia de Cáceres, las interacciones con su entorno más próximo. Comprobar hasta qué punto una ciudad puede organizar el espacio rural que le rodea. Y ver, en definitiva, los factores y causas que determinan toda la serie de transformaciones acaecidas en la última década fundamentalmente por el progreso y mayor grado de interacción. Sin embargo, tras los resultados de las primeras informaciones recogidas, ya se dejaron entrever una serie de profundas transformaciones, que tienen su reflejo más claro en la estructura de la poblaci6n activa y en las modificaciones de este espacio rural. Será en estos aspectos en los que hagamos mayor hincapié, aun sin olvidar otras cuestiones, también de interés, pero que sólo enunciaremos o plantearemos por la brevedad que exigen estos artículos.This article was raised in a first moment with the sole objective of analysing the changes generated by the city and capital of Cáceres on their immediate environment. In this sense, it was a continuation of a series of work already done by some members of the Department previously and for ourselves, in particular Dr. Peasant Fernández and Dr. Barrientos Alfageme . In the second place, it was intended to study, within the area of influence of Cáceres, interactions with their environment. The extent to which a city can organize the rural space that surrounds it. And see, in the final analysis, the causes and factors that determine the entire series of transformations in the last decade, mainly by the progress and greater degree of interaction. However, after the results of the first information collected, already hinted a series of profound transformations, which are reflected in the structure of the active population and changes in this rural area. It will be in these aspects in which we make greater emphasis, even without neglecting other issues, also of interest, but that only enunciaremos or raise by the brevity that require these items

Multiple health behaviour change primary care intervention for smoking cessation, physical activity and healthy diet in adults 45 to 75 years old (EIRA study): a hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial

Methods: A cluster randomised effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial-type 2 with two parallel groups was conducted in 25 Spanish Primary Health Care (PHC) centres (3062 participants): 12 centres (1481 participants) were randomised to the intervention and 13 (1581 participants) to the control group (usual care). The intervention was based on the Transtheoretical Model and focused on all target behaviours using individual, group and community approaches. PHC professionals made it during routine care. The implementation strategy was based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data were analysed using generalised linear mixed models, accounting for clustering. A mixed-methods data analysis was used to evaluate implementation outcomes (adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and fidelity) and determinants of implementation success. Results: 14.5% of participants in the intervention group and 8.9% in the usual care group showed a positive change in two or all the target behaviours. Intervention was more effective in promoting dietary behaviour change (31.9% vs 21.4%). The overall adoption rate by professionals was 48.7%. Early and final appropriateness were perceived by professionals as moderate. Early acceptability was high, whereas final acceptability was only moderate. Initial and final acceptability as perceived by the participants was high, and appropriateness moderate. Consent and recruitment rates were 82.0% and 65.5%, respectively, intervention uptake was 89.5% and completion rate 74.7%. The global value of the percentage of approaches with fidelity ≥50% was 16.7%. Eight CFIR constructs distinguished between high and low implementation, five corresponding to the Inner Setting domain. Conclusions: Compared to usual care, the EIRA intervention was more effective in promoting MHBC and dietary behaviour change. Implementation outcomes were satisfactory except for the fidelity to the planned intervention, which was low. The organisational and structural contexts of the centres proved to be significant determinants of implementation effectiveness

La grabación sonora: un recurso pedagógico multidisciplinar para la reinterpretación de la Historia

Mediante el presente proyecto se ha pretendido abordar un nuevo acercamiento a la historia de la música, en tanto manifestación cultural, basado en una metodología de reciente creación que entronca directamente con los estudios sobre la praxis interpretativa. Para ello hemos profundizado en el correcto manejo de los software informáticos que permiten el análisis de estas fuentes sonoras (fundamentalmente visualizadores de ondas y editores de sonido). Como resultado, hemos constituido un grupo de trabajo abierto a profesores y alumnos, ubicado físicamente en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la UCM