De Nederlandse casus: Een Politiek gevecht om de Grondwetsherziening

The political struggle leading up to the Dutch Constitution of 19831 is an empirical theoretical relevant case. A particular theoretical point of view (called the theoretical perspective of scientific legal intervention) appears to be important with respect to knowledge about contitution building. A preponderating identical habitus of constitutional law intervention was characteristic for all political actors involved on the Dutch national level. In revising the Dutch Constitution of 1983 these actors have been influenced by the international context. However, 'the' international context does not exist. Instead there have been four international politically relevant contexts in the case of the Netherlands between 1945 and 1983. These contexts provoked national political issues and could have a strong political impact.1 Hfdst 1 Nederlandse Grondwet van 1983 (Grondrechten)

De Nederlandse casus: Een Politiek gevecht om de Grondwetsherziening

The political struggle leading up to the Dutch Constitution of 19831 is an empirical theoretical relevant case.  A particular theoretical point of view (called the theoretical perspective of scientific legal intervention) appears to be important with respect to knowledge about contitution building.  A preponderating identical habitus of constitutional law intervention was characteristic for all political actors involved on the Dutch national level.  In revising the Dutch Constitution of 1983 these actors have been influenced by the international context.  However, 'the' international context does not exist.  Instead there have been four international politically relevant contexts in the case of the Netherlands between 1945 and 1983.  These contexts provoked national political issues and could have a strong political impact

IMPLEMENTASI KETENTUAN UPAH MINIMUM PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA DALAM UPAYA MENIGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN BURUH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mengkaji pengaturan hukum tentang sistem Pengupahan menurut UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sistem pengupahan di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, maka berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu : 1. Landasan hukum konsep perhitungan Komponen Upah Minimum Provinsi secara substansi telah diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan yang pada intinya menyatakan bahwa setiap pekerja/buruh berhak memperoleh penghasilan yang memenuhi penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan, komponen upah meliputi upah minimum, upah kerja lembur dan lain-lain. Kemudian dalam Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 tentang Upah Minimum. 2. Implementasi penetapan upah minimum Provinsi Sulawesi Utara berdasarkan Undang-undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan diatur dalam pasal 88 ayat 3 huruf dan ayat 4 serta pasal 89. Bahwa Upah Minimum ditetapkan Gubernur berdasarkan kebutuhan hidup layak sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 tentang Komponen dan Pelaksanaan Tahapan Pencapaian Kebutuhan Hidup Layak, dengan memperhatikan produktifitas dan pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan rekomendasi Dewan Pengupahan Provinsi yang didasarkan pada Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Dan Transmigrasi No. 7 Tahun 2013 tentang Upah Minimum. Kata Kunci : Buruh, UMP, Sulu

Skylight: a new code for general-relativistic ray-tracing and radiative transfer in arbitrary spacetimes

To reproduce the observed spectra and light curves originated in the neighborhood of compact objects requires accurate relativistic ray-tracing codes. In this work, we present Skylight, a new numerical code for general-relativistic ray tracing and radiative transfer in arbitrary space-time geometries and coordinate systems. The code is capable of producing images, spectra, and light curves from astrophysical models of compact objects as seen by distant observers. We incorporate two different schemes, namely Monte Carlo radiative transfer, integrating geodesics from the astrophysical region to distant observers, and camera techniques with backwards integration from the observer to the emission region. The code is validated by successfully passing several test cases, among them: thin accretion disks and neutron star hot spot emission

Beyond Type D personality:Reduced positive affect (anhedonia) predicts impaired health status in chronic heart failure

OBJECTIVE: Type D personality has been associated with impaired health status in chronic heart failure (CHF), but other psychological factors may also be important. AIM: To determine whether non-Type D patients with low positive affect and Type D patients report lower health status, compared with non-Type D patients with high positive affect at 12-month follow-up in chronic heart failure. METHODS: Consecutive CHF outpatients (n = 276) filled out the Short Form-12 (health status) and Health Complaints Scale (disease-specific complaints) at inclusion and 12-month follow-up, and the DS14 (Type D personality) and positive affect (Global Mood Scale) at inclusion. Three groups were composed: non-Type D patients without anhedonia, non-Type D patients with anhedonia, and Type D patients. RESULTS: After controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, and scores at inclusion, anhedonic non-Type D patients reported lower mental health status (β = –.19, P < .004), and more feelings of disability (β = .10, P = .04), marginally lower physical health status (β = −.11, P = .07), and equal levels of cardiac symptoms (β = .04, P = .43), when compared with non-Type D’s without anhedonia. Type D patients reported lower levels of impaired mental health status, more cardiac symptoms and feelings of disability (−.31 < β < .17, all Ps < .05). A trend was shown for physical health status (β = −.11, P = .09). CONCLUSION: Non-Type D patients low on positive affect and Type D patients report lower levels of health status in CHF, compared with non-Type D patients with high positive affect. Future studies need to determine whether lack of positive affect is associated with impaired clinical outcome

Correlation Analysis of Enzyme activities and Deconstruction of Ammonia-pretreated Switchgrass by Bacterial-fungal Communities

The mixed microbial communities that occur naturally on lignocellulosic feedstocks can provide feedstock-specific enzyme mixtures to saccharify lignocelluloses. Bacterial-fungal communities were enriched from switchgrass bales to deconstruct ammonia-pretreated switchgrass (DSG). Correlation analysis was carried out to elucidate the relationship between microbial decomposition of DSG by these communities, enzymatic activities produced and enzymatic saccharification of DSG using these enzyme mixtures. Results of the analysis showed that β glucosidase activities and xylosidase activities limited the extent of microbial deconstruction and enzymatic saccharification of DSG. The results also underlined the importance of ligninase activity for the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock. The bacterial fungal communities developed in this research can be used to produce enzyme mixtures to deconstruct DSG, and the results from the correlation analysis can be used to optimize these enzyme mixtures for efficient saccharification of DSG to produce second-generation biofuels

The relationship between Type D Personality, affective symptoms and hemoglobin levels in chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND: Anemia is associated with poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Contributors to the risk of anemia in HF include hemodilution, renal dysfunction and inflammation. Hemoglobin levels may also be negatively affected by alterations in stress regulatory systems. Therefore, psychological distress characterized by such alterations may adversely affect hemoglobin in HF. The association between hemoglobin and Type D personality and affective symptomatology in the context of HF is poorly understood. AIM: To examine the relationship between Type D personality and affective symptomatology with hemoglobin levels at inclusion and 12-month follow-up, controlling for relevant clinical factors. METHODS: Plasma levels of hemoglobin and creatinine were assessed in 264 HF patients at inclusion and at 12-month follow-up. Type D personality and affective symptomatology were assessed at inclusion. RESULTS: At inclusion, hemoglobin levels were similar for Type D and non-Type D HF patients (p = .23), and were moderately associated with affective symptomatology (r = –.14, p = .02). Multivariable regression showed that Type D personality (β = –.15; p = .02), was independently associated with future hemoglobin levels, while controlling for renal dysfunction, gender, NYHA class, time since diagnosis, BMI, the use of angiotensin-related medication, and levels of affective symptomatology. Change in renal function was associated with Type D personality (β = .20) and hemoglobin at 12 months (β = –.25). Sobel mediation analysis showed significant partial mediation of the Type D – hemoglobin association by renal function deterioration (p = .01). Anemia prevalence increased over time, especially in Type D patients. Female gender, poorer baseline renal function, deterioration of renal function and a longer HF history predicted the observed increase in anemia prevalence over time, while higher baseline hemoglobin was protective. CONCLUSION: Type D personality, but not affective symptomatology, was associated with reduced future hemoglobin levels, independent of clinical factors. The relation between Type D personality and future hemoglobin levels was mediated by renal function deterioration