ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A AUTOAVALIAÇÃO DA SAÚDE, O NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E O ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPÓREA EM UMA CIDADE DO INTERIOR DE MINAS GERAIS

The aim of this study was to verify the association between self-rated health status, physical activity level (PAL) and body mass index (BMI) in the inner city of Minas Gerais. For this purpose, 339 individuals, who practice physical exercise at least once a week were recruited and evaluated according PAL, BMI and self-rated health. The results demonstrated non-association between PAL and overweight, in addition to the higher incidence of positive self-rated health status in active and more active individuals. However, using quantitative parameters in self-rated health status more active group presented better results. (p<0.01). Finally, regardless of the form, the performance of physical activities can be an independent factor for a positive self-rated health status (p <0.01), and individuals with overweight tend to have negative responses regarding their health status (p = 0.075). In the sample studied, NAF and BMI were associated with self-rated health status.El estudio buscó verificar la asociación entre la autoevaluación de la salud, el nivel de actividad física (NAF) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en individuos activos en un municipio del interior de Minas Gerais. Para ello, 339 individuos practicantes de ejercicios físicos al menos una vez por semana, fueron evaluados en cuanto al NAF, IMC y autoevaluación de salud. Los resultados demostraron la no asociación entre el NAF y el sobrepeso, además de la mayor incidencia de autoevaluación positiva de la salud en activos y muy activos. Sin embargo, utilizando parámetros cuantitativos a las respuestas, el grupo más activo presentó mejores resultados (p <0.01). Por último, independientemente de la forma, la realización de actividades físicas puede ser un factor independiente para una autoevaluación positiva de la salud (p <0,01) y, los individuos con sobrepeso presentaron tendencia de respuestas negativas en cuanto a su estado de salud (p = 0,075 ). Se concluye que el NAF y el IMC demostraron asociación con la autoevaluación del estado de salud.O estudo buscou verificar associação entre a autoavaliação da saúde, o nível de atividade física (NAF) e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) em indivíduos ativos em um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Para tal, 339 indivíduos praticantes de exercícios físicos pelo menos uma vez por semana, foram avaliados quanto ao NAF, IMC e autoavaliação de saúde. Os resultados demonstraram a não associação entre o NAF e sobrepeso, além da maior incidência de autoavaliação positiva da saúde em ativos e muito ativos. No entanto, utilizando parâmetros quantitativos às respostas, o grupo mais ativo apresentou melhores resultados (p<0.01). Por fim, independentemente da forma, a realização de atividades físicas pode ser um fator independente para uma autoavaliação positiva da saúde (p<0,01) e, indivíduos com sobrepeso apresentam tendência de respostas negativas quanto ao seu estado de saúde (p=0,075). Conclui-se que o NAF e o IMC demonstraram associação com a autoavaliação do estado de saúde

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by <i>HLA-DRB1*04</i> subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.</p

The IPDGC/GP2 Hackathon - an open science event for training in data science, genomics, and collaboration using Parkinson’s disease data

Open science and collaboration are necessary to facilitate the advancement of Parkinson's disease (PD) research. Hackathons are collaborative events that bring together people with different skill sets and backgrounds to generate resources and creative solutions to problems. These events can be used as training and networking opportunities, thus we coordinated a virtual 3-day hackathon event, during which 49 early-career scientists from 12 countries built tools and pipelines with a focus on PD. Resources were created with the goal of helping scientists accelerate their own research by having access to the necessary code and tools. Each team was allocated one of nine different projects, each with a different goal. These included developing post-genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis pipelines, downstream analysis of genetic variation pipelines, and various visualization tools. Hackathons are a valuable approach to inspire creative thinking, supplement training in data science, and foster collaborative scientific relationships, which are foundational practices for early-career researchers. The resources generated can be used to accelerate research on the genetics of PD

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas. Datasets en su material suplementario. This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.2302720120/-/DCSupplemental.Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.This work was supported by the Michael J. Fox Foundation grant MJFF-020161 (E.M., Z.G.-O.), NIH and National Institute of Aging grants AG060747 (M.D.G.), AG066206 (Z.H.), AG066515 (Z.H., M.D.G.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 890650, Y.L.G.), the Alzheimer’s Association (AARF-20-683984, M.E.B.), and the Iqbal Farrukh and Asad Jamal Fund, a grant from the EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB; JPND), the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21dk0207045 (T.I.), JP21dk020704 (K.O., S.N.), JP21km040550 (K.O.), the Einstein Center for Neurosciences in Berlin (S.M.Y.), the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532, H.Z.), the European Research Council (#681712, H.Z.), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931, H.Z.). Inserm UMR1167 is also funded by the Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, and the French government’s LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Additional funders of individual investigators and institutions who contributed to data collection and genotyping are provided in SI Appendix.Peer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Simula??o mental de movimentos : da teoria ? aplica??o na reabilita??o motora.

A imag?tica motora (IM) consiste na evoca??o do plano motor de uma dada a??o sem que haja a execu??o do movimento. Objetivo. Realizar uma revis?o e an?lise cr?tica sobre a IM, discutindo as caracter?sticas neurofisiol?gicas, as diferen?as entre as estrat?gias de simula??o e sua aplica??o cl?nica no contexto da reabilita??o de pacientes p?s-Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). M?todo. Busca de artigos indexados pelas bases ISI e Medline, publicados entre 1980 e 2012, nos idiomas ingl?s, portugu?s e espanhol. Discuss?o. A IM ? capaz de levar a ativa??es cerebrais, fisiol?gicas e comportamentais semelhantes ?s ocorridas durante a execu??o motora. Entretanto, a IM pode ser realizada utilizando duas poss?veis estrat?gias, a cinest?sica e a visual, e cada uma delas provoca distintos padr?es de ativa??o cortical. Observou-se que o treinamento com a IM ? capaz de gerar ganhos funcionais em pacientes p?s-AVC. No entanto, n?o foi poss?vel padronizar a utiliza??o do protocolo mais adequado, visto que ainda n?o h? um consenso quanto ? frequ?ncia, dura??o, a estrat?gia de IM e a fase da doen?a mais apropriada para sua aplica??o. Conclus?o. Apesar dos avan?os, ainda h? necessidade de mais estudos a fim de determinar as diretrizes para a utiliza??o da IM na reabilita??o motora e seus benef?cios a longo prazo.Motor imagery (MI) consists in the evocation of a motor plan of a given action without motor output. Objective. To perform a review and critical analyses about MI, discussing its neurophysiological characteristics, differences between the strategies of simulation and the clinical application in the context of rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Method. Search of studies indexed by ISI and Medline databases, published between 1980 and 2012, in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Discussion. MI can promote similar brain, physiological and behavioral activations as during the execution of motor actions. However, MI can be performed using two possible strategies, visual and kinesthetic, and each of them causes different patterns of cortical activation. It was also observed that the training with MI can improve performance in post-stroke patients. However, it was not possible to standardize the use of the more appropriate protocol, since there is still no consensus on the frequency, duration, strategy of MI and stage of the disease is most appropriate for its application. Conclusions. Despite the advances, there is still a need of more studies to determine the guidelines for mental simulation in the motor rehabilitation and its long-term benefits