Renovation of Nitrogenous Wastewater Via Land Application

Removal of inorganic and organic nitrogen from wastewater prior to recharge of ground and surface waters can be accomplished by judicious land application. This study focused attention upon the feasibility of using sprinkler irrigation as the wastewater delivery system with coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.,var. coastal) pasture as the wastewater sink. One site was located on a Sawyer soil near El Dorado, while the other was located on a Savannah soil near Malvern. This report is limited to the renovation of surface waters. Results revealed that nitrogen concentration in runoff water from rainfall was substantially less than nitrogen concentration of the wastewater applied to the soil and similar to background levels. Such results support the consideration of land application as a viable wastewater disposal method

The Embedded Firm: Corporate Governance, Labor, and Finance Capitalism

This paper constitutes the introduction to an edited collection, THE EMBEDDED FIRM: LABOR, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE CAPITALISM (Cambridge University Press, 2011). This book brings together contributions from law, economics, sociology and politics in order to evaluate the effects of the shift to shareholder primacy in both the United States and the United Kingdom, in the context of an increasingly financialized economy. Contributors include Ruth Aguilera, William Allen, Harry Arthurs, Blanaid Clark, Mary Condon, Simon Deakin, Sandy Jacoby, William Lazonick, Sue Konzelmann, Dalia Tsuk Mitchell, Larry Mitchell, Frank Wilkinson, and the editors Cynthia Williams and Peer Zumbansen, among others. The book emphasizes empirical evidence, in conjunction with theory, in conscious rejection of the oft- stated view that “it takes a theory to beat a theory.” For in evaluating the empirical effects of these decades-long trends, in light of the on-going global financial and economic crises - crises propagated from the United States - the problems inherent in American-style corporate governance have become manifest. Such problems do not only concern corporate governance, since the shareholder wealth maximizing norm in the United States is embedded within economic and political institutions stripped of many social democratic norms and policies and with an increasing tendency towards deregulation. But the book demonstrates that the result of shareholder primacy, in conjunction with neo-liberal economic and political norms, has been increasing economic volatility and inequality, systemic fragility, and financial risk that is increasingly being transferred to individuals to manage, given the collapse of many collective bargaining agreements and collective arrangements for pensions. The congruence of theory and evidence suggesting weaknesses in shareholder driven corporate governance as expressed in the U.S. and U.K. give rise to questions of how policy and research can best be harnessed to develop more stable systems of corporate governance, and how these goals may best be aligned with government policy. Since it is naïve to think that continental European stakeholder systems, also under pressure, could be transplanted into the United States or the United Kingdom by legislative fiat, the book concludes with suggestions for research and policy development to address the instabilities shareholder corporate governance systems create, while still relying upon existing models within liberal market economies

The Embedded Firm: Corporate Governance, Labor, and Finance Capitalism

This paper constitutes the introduction to an edited collection, THE EMBEDDED FIRM: LABOR, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE CAPITALISM (Cambridge University Press, 2011). This book brings together contributions from law, economics, sociology and politics in order to evaluate the effects of the shift to shareholder primacy in both the United States and the United Kingdom, in the context of an increasingly financialized economy. Contributors include Ruth Aguilera, William Allen, Harry Arthurs, Blanaid Clark, Mary Condon, Simon Deakin, Sandy Jacoby, William Lazonick, Sue Konzelmann, Dalia Tsuk Mitchell, Larry Mitchell, Frank Wilkinson, and the editors Cynthia Williams and Peer Zumbansen, among others. The book emphasizes empirical evidence, in conjunction with theory, in conscious rejection of the oft- stated view that “it takes a theory to beat a theory.” For in evaluating the empirical effects of these decades-long trends, in light of the on-going global financial and economic crises - crises propagated from the United States - the problems inherent in American-style corporate governance have become manifest. Such problems do not only concern corporate governance, since the shareholder wealth maximizing norm in the United States is embedded within economic and political institutions stripped of many social democratic norms and policies and with an increasing tendency towards deregulation. But the book demonstrates that the result of shareholder primacy, in conjunction with neo-liberal economic and political norms, has been increasing economic volatility and inequality, systemic fragility, and financial risk that is increasingly being transferred to individuals to manage, given the collapse of many collective bargaining agreements and collective arrangements for pensions. The congruence of theory and evidence suggesting weaknesses in shareholder driven corporate governance as expressed in the U.S. and U.K. give rise to questions of how policy and research can best be harnessed to develop more stable systems of corporate governance, and how these goals may best be aligned with government policy. Since it is naïve to think that continental European stakeholder systems, also under pressure, could be transplanted into the United States or the United Kingdom by legislative fiat, the book concludes with suggestions for research and policy development to address the instabilities shareholder corporate governance systems create, while still relying upon existing models within liberal market economies

Design of Ripple Free Single Phase Isolated Converter using DC Active Filter with Centre Tap Transformer

A ripple current reduction method is proposed that does not require additional switching devices. A current ripple that has twice the supply frequency of the power supply is generated in the dc part when a single-phase pulse width modulated inverter is used for a grid connection. The current ripple causes shortening of the lifetime of electrolytic capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. The proposed circuit realizes a dc active filter function without increasing the number of switching devices, because the energy buffer capacitor is connected to the center tap of the isolation transformer. In addition, the buffer capacitor voltage is controlled by the common-mode voltage of the inverter. The features of the proposed circuit are described and Simulation results are presented.Simulation results proves the ripple reduction, to approximately 20% that of the conventional circuit

Histomorphology of the Hypothalamo – Neurosecretory System of the Indian Scad, Decapterus tabl (Berry)

Hypothalamo-neurosecretory complex of Decapterus fabl consists mainly of the nucleus preopticus (NPO), nucleus lateral is tuberis (NL T) and their zonal tracts. The neurosecretory cells of NPO are generally bipolar and stain readily with aldehyde fuchsin (AF) and chrom-alum -hematoxylin-phloxine (CAPH) but they are also positive to acid fuchsin in Mallory's triple stain. NPO is a paired structure situated on either side of the third ventricle antero-dorsal to the optic chiasma. It is highly vascularized structure and looks inverted L.-shape in the sagittal section

Comparative metagenomic analysis reveals mechanisms for stress response in hypoliths from extreme hyperarid deserts

Understanding microbial adaptation to environmental stressors is crucial for interpreting broader ecological patterns. In the most extreme hot and cold deserts, cryptic niche communities are thought to play key roles in ecosystem processes and represent excellent model systems for investigating microbial responses to environmental stressors. However, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity underlying such functional processes in climatically extreme desert systems. This study presents the first comparative metagenome analysis of cyanobacteria-dominated hypolithic communities in hot (Namib Desert, Namibia) and cold (Miers Valley, Antarctica) hyperarid deserts. The most abundant phyla in both hypolith metagenomes were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes with Cyanobacteria dominating in Antarctic hypoliths. However, no significant differences between the twometagenomeswere identified. The Antarctic hypolithicmetagenome displayed a high number of sequences assigned to sigma factors, replication,recombination andrepair, translation, ribosomal structure,andbiogenesis. In contrast, theNamibDesert metagenome showed a high abundance of sequences assigned to carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Metagenome data analysis also revealed significantdivergence inthe geneticdeterminantsof aminoacidandnucleotidemetabolismbetween these two metagenomes and those of soil from other polar deserts, hot deserts, and non-desert soils. Our results suggest extensive niche differentiation in hypolithic microbial communities from these two extreme environments and a high genetic capacity for survival under environmental extremes.Fil: Le, Phuong Thi. University of Pretoria; Sudáfrica. Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie; Bélgica. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Makhalanyane, Thulani P.. University of Pretoria; SudáfricaFil: Guerrero, Leandro Demián. University of Pretoria; Sudáfrica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Vikram, Surendra. University of Pretoria; SudáfricaFil: Van De Peer, Yves. University of Pretoria; Sudáfrica. Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie; Bélgica. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Cowan, Don A.. University of Pretoria; Sudáfric

Observation of the Faraday effect via beam deflection in a longitudinal magnetic field

We report the observation of the magnetic field induced circular differential deflection of light at the interface of a Faraday medium. The difference in the angles of refraction or reflection between the two circular polarization components is a function of the magnetic field strength and the Verdet constant. The reported phenomena permit the observation of the Faraday effect not via polarization rotation in transmission, but via changes in the propagation direction in refraction or in reflection. An unpolarized light beam is predicted to split into its two circular polarization components. The light deflection arises within a few wavelengths at the interface and is therefore independent of pathlength